{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["The Council on Strategic Risks"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":287,"relation":"eq"},"page":15,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=the-council-on-strategic-risks&page=15","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"costratri-000212","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000212","title":"Climate Change and the National Defense Authorization Act","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://climateandsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2020/08/climate-change-and-the-national-defense-authorization-act-2017-2019_backgrounder_2020_6.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing outlines how the US Congress used the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) between 2017 and 2019 to address climate change as a national security threat. Key actions include mandating resilience plans for military installations, updating construction codes to account for sea-level rise and permafrost thaw, increasing Arctic strategic capabilities, and establishing a Climate and Security Council within the Intelligence Community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000212#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The FY18 NDAA established that climate change is a direct threat to the national security of the United States and affects stability in current and future conflict areas. It also required the Department of Defense (DoD) to identify the ten most vulnerable installations per service, though the DoD initially responded with a general report rather than a prioritized list.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000212#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Legislation from 2018 and 2019 focused on military installation resilience by updating construction requirements. This includes requiring new projects in 100-year floodplains to be designed 2 to 3 feet above base flood elevation, incorporating changing environmental conditions into Unified Facilities Criteria, and extending floodplain construction restrictions to cover projected sea level rise.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000212#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The US has increased its strategic focus on the warming Arctic, including requiring an updated Arctic Strategy, incorporating China's Arctic activities into a Strategy on China, and authorizing the procurement of six new Coast Guard icebreakers. Specific infrastructure issues include permafrost thaw causing damage to an F-35 munitions maintenance facility at Eielson AFB, AK, leading to a requirement for a broader assessment of structures in permafrost regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000212#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The FY20 NDAA introduced several tools and organizational structures to manage climate risk, including the creation of a Climate Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Tool, the mandatory use of the Navy’s Climate Change Installation Adaptation and Resilience planning handbook across the DoD, and the establishment of a Climate and Security Council within the Intelligence Community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000212#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific funding has been allocated for climate resilience, such as $49 million to raise floodwalls at the Portsmouth (VA) Naval Shipyard and $150 million for the Energy Resilience and Conservation Investment Program.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000212#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sea level rise","Climate risk assessment","Resilience (power system)"],"geography_discussed":["Arctic","People's Republic of China","Eielson AFB, AK","Portsmouth (VA) Naval Shipyard"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy review"]},{"id":"costratri-000216","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000216","title":"Climate Security 101","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://climateandsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/climate-security-101-2_21_15.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document defines climate change as a \"threat multiplier\" that creates direct risks to critical infrastructure and indirect risks by stressing resources like food, water, and energy. It argues that while climate change is unlikely to be the sole cause of war, it increases the likelihood of conflict in unstable regions. The guide details the specific impacts on military readiness, operations, and strategy, and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive risk management approach combining adaptation and mitigation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000216#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change functions as a \"threat multiplier,\" creating direct threats to critical infrastructure—such as sea level rise affecting military installations—and indirect threats by stressing water, food, and energy resources, which can lead to state fragility and internal conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000216#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While climate change is unlikely to be the primary cause of war between nations, it can increase the probability of conflict by interacting with other stressors like resource mismanagement and demographic change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000216#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most significant security risks from climate change are expected in unstable or strategically important regions, specifically the Middle East, North, East and Central Africa, and parts of Central Asia, as well as the Asia-Pacific and the Arctic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000216#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change impacts military effectiveness across three areas: readiness (infrastructure stability), operations (supply chain and logistical burdens), and strategy (destabilization of strategically significant regions).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000216#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Security risks from climate change affect all nations regardless of wealth; while poor nations are most vulnerable due to existing pressures, wealthy nations face risks from cascading disasters and threats to energy and military infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000216#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Addressing climate security requires a dual approach: adaptation to manage unavoidable effects and mitigation to avoid unmanageable worst-case scenarios.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000216#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technology plays a critical role in risk management, including satellite monitoring for food security, drones for disaster response, 3D printing for rapid relief, and advanced energy technologies to reduce emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000216#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sea level rise","food security","water security","energy security","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","geopolitics","climate migration"],"geography_discussed":["Middle East","Africa","Central Asia","Asia-Pacific","Arctic","South China Sea"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["guide","risk assessment"]},{"id":"costratri-000229","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000229","title":"COP28 DECLARATION ON CLIMATE, RELIEF, RECOVERY AND PEACE","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/COP28-Declaration-on-Climate-Relief-Recovery-and-Peace.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The COP28 Declaration on Climate, Relief, Recovery and Peace is a voluntary call to action to scale up climate adaptation and finance for highly vulnerable regions, particularly those in conflict or fragility. It outlines objectives to improve financial access, enhance programmatic best practices through conflict-sensitive approaches, and strengthen cross-sectoral coordination between humanitarian, development, and peace actors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000229#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The declaration calls for a significant increase in financial resources for climate adaptation and resilience in fragile or conflict-affected areas, emphasizing the need for public and grant-based funding and the mobilization of diverse financing sources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000229#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Signatories commit to improving the accessibility of climate finance by reducing transaction costs and streamlining procedures related to accreditation, application, procurement, and monitoring.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000229#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document advocates for the implementation of conflict-sensitive approaches throughout the project cycle to ensure climate actions do not exacerbate existing grievances and instead support social cohesion and environmental peacebuilding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000229#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a commitment to enhance the leadership and active participation of marginalized and affected groups—including women, indigenous peoples, youth, and displaced persons—in the design, implementation, and monitoring of climate policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000229#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The declaration emphasizes the need for better coordination and complementarity between different sectors, specifically climate, development, humanitarian, disaster risk management, and peace actors, to increase the adaptive capacity of vulnerable communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000229#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The declaration identifies a critical gap where global climate resilience efforts are not sufficiently tailored to the specific challenges of countries facing fragility or conflict, often due to perceived risks associated with operating in those settings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000229#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","climate resilience","climate finance","loss and damage","early warning system","ecological restoration","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Horn of Africa","MENA region"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy statement"]},{"id":"costratri-000231","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000231","title":"Statement: Call to Action on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/CSR-Sign-On-Letter_-NPT-Review-Conference-Postponement-.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A statement by experts associated with the Council on Strategic Risks urging NPT States Parties to leverage the COVID-19 pandemic-induced delay of the 2020 Review Conference to strengthen international security and address the intersection of nuclear safeguards and climate change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000231#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2020 Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), originally set for April 27, 2020, was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and could be delayed until April 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000231#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Confidence in the NPT system has declined globally because of the termination of other arms control treaties and a lack of progress toward disarmament by nuclear-weapon states.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000231#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The NPT's safeguards system for the peaceful use of nuclear technology is described as essential for addressing climate change, regardless of the future of nuclear energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000231#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Strengthening near-universal treaties, specifically the NPT and the Paris Agreement, is viewed as a necessary signal of global cooperation against threats to international security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000231#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["nuclear power","climate change","Paris Agreement"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy statement"]},{"id":"costratri-000236","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000236","title":"Russian Disinformation on U.S.-Supported Labs in Ukraine","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Fact-Sheet_Russian-Disinformation-on-U.S.-Supported-Labs-in-Ukraine_March-2022.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document asserts that Russia, with Chinese support, is spreading false claims about biological and chemical weapons in Ukraine to erode trust in the United States and potentially justify atrocities or false-flag operations. It clarifies that the U.S. Biological Threat Reduction Program focuses on defense and non-proliferation, and that the U.S. and Ukraine remain in compliance with international weapons conventions. Conversely, the document states that the U.S. Department of State assesses that Russia maintains an offensive biological weapons program in violation of the Biological Weapons Convention.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000236#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The United States and Ukraine do not operate or support biological or chemical weapons activities; the U.S. maintains full compliance with the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention, while Ukrainian facilities are designed to secure pathogens to prevent weaponization or accidental release.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000236#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Russia's disinformation campaign, supported by the Chinese government, is intended to undermine trust in the U.S. and may serve as a pretext for Russian biological or chemical attacks in Ukraine via false-flag operations or as a justification for atrocities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000236#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The U.S. Department of State assesses that Russia currently maintains an offensive biological weapons program, continuing a history of violating the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) that began during the Soviet era.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000236#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The U.S. Biological Threat Reduction Program is a defense initiative operating in over 30 countries to reduce threats from accidental outbreaks and the use of biological weapons.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000236#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Russia","People's Republic of China","Salisbury"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["fact sheet"]},{"id":"costratri-000253","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000253","title":"MAKING BIOWEAPONS OBSOLETE","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Making_Bioweapons_Obsolete.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details a workshop focused on the evolving biothreat, the convergence of biotechnology with AI and robotics, and the need for a multi-layered U.S. biodefense strategy. It emphasizes the importance of U.S. technical leadership, the development of rapid medical countermeasures, and the establishment of international norms to deter both state and non-state actors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000253#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The biological threat is increasing due to technological advances, the reemergence of strategic competition with nation-state peer competitors, and a perceived decline in U.S. focus on biothreats.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000253#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"State actors may employ bioweapons for military or strategic goals, utilizing stealth and ambiguity to elicit an uncertain response, whereas terrorists typically aim for mass casualties using airborne agents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000253#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The convergence of biological sciences with artificial intelligence, robotics, and nanotechnology is creating a revolution in the bio-economy, enabling precise genome manipulation via tools like CRISPR-Cas9.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000253#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical need for sustainable U.S. domestic production capacity for medical countermeasures to avoid a \"second valley of death\" where capabilities are lost to business dynamics or foreign acquisition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000253#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The U.S. should leverage its scientific leadership to rebuild international norms against the development and use of weapons of mass destruction, potentially using models like the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000253#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The workshop organizers recommend a \"moonshot\" initiative to expand the biodefense community to include academia and industry at a larger scale and to develop a more effective national and international communication strategy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000253#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gene editing"],"geography_discussed":["Democratic Republic of the Congo","Paris","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["workshop summary","strategic assessment"]},{"id":"costratri-000269","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000269","title":"Securitising Food: Hunger As a Defence Requirement","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Securitising-Food-Hunger-As-a-Defence-Requirement.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the 'hunger-climate-conflict nexus,' where food insecurity acts as a 'threat multiplier' for instability. It argues that while military forces have historically played ad-hoc support roles in humanitarian aid, the increasing frequency of climate-driven food crises necessitates a shift in military training, doctrine, and interagency coordination. The author highlights barriers to this transition, including the risk of 'over-securitisation' and existing institutional silos between defence and development agencies, while specifically noting the implications for the Irish Defence Forces regarding peacekeeping and domestic disaster response.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000269#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Food insecurity functions as a \"threat multiplier\" that exacerbates existing instability factors such as ethnic tensions, weak institutions, and socioeconomic inequality, potentially serving as a tipping point for political violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000269#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a reciprocal feedback loop between conflict and hunger: conflict damages agricultural resources and supply chains, while hunger drives civilians toward violence or alignment with armed non-state actors for survival.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000269#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Military forces are increasingly acting as ad-hoc food security actors, with examples including Indonesia's military assisting rice planting during El Niño, Pakistan's army managing over 1 million acres of farmland, and China's military planting trees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000269#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant institutional barriers hinder a whole-of-government approach, specifically the 'siloing' of food security agendas from defence sectors; for instance, the U.S. 'Feed the Future' initiative does not include the Department of Defense or Intelligence Community as partners.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000269#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Irish Defence Forces face specific challenges where climate-driven food insecurity may impact their core competencies in peacekeeping and humanitarian relief, compounded by existing recruitment and manning deficits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000269#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a growing disparity between the funding of humanitarian actors and military expenditures; in 2023, the World Food Programme faced a shortfall, raising only $7.5 billion of $23.5 billion in projected costs, while global military spending reached record highs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000269#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Integrating early warning systems for climate security indicators—such as crop failures and price spikes—could reduce disaster damage by 30% with only a 24-hour warning and potentially reduce losses by $3-16 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000269#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","climate change","national security","early warning system"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Europe","Ireland","Ukraine","Gaza Strip","West Africa","Africa","Somalia","Afghanistan","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Ethiopia","Nigeria","Syria","Central Africa","Philippines","Indonesia","Pakistan","People's Republic of China","Sahel","South Sudan","Lebanon"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","strategic analysis"]}]}