{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["Stockholm Environment Institute"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":2826,"relation":"eq"},"page":23,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=stockholm-environment-institute&page=23","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=stockholm-environment-institute&page=24","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"sei-000513","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000513","title":"Assessing Transboundary Climate Risks under UNFCCC GST","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-06","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/assessing-transboundary-climate-risks-under-unfccc-gst/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document identifies a 'transboundary gap' in the UNFCCC Global Stocktake (GST), noting that the mechanism currently fails to systematically track global progress in building resilience to transboundary climate risks. Drawing on The Global Transboundary Climate Risk Report and expert interviews, the brief examines the scientific, technical, political, and procedural barriers to integration and suggests proposals to address these gaps by the second GST.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000513#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Transboundary climate risks are currently absent from the UNFCCC Global Stocktake (GST), which is the main international tool for tracking progress toward Paris Agreement goals, including adaptation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000513#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There are scientific, technical, political, and procedural obstacles that prevent the systematic tracking of global progress in building resilience to transboundary risks within the GST process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000513#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Paris Agreement","climate change adaptation","international cooperation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis"]},{"id":"sei-000914","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000914","title":"Entry points for integrating transboundary climate risks","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-06","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/entry-points-for-integrating-transboundary-climate-risks/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that while the COP26 decision does not explicitly mention transboundary climate risks, the framework for the global goal on adaptation (GGA) provides an opportunity to address these risks. It suggests that the GGA should reflect the complexity of climate risks occurring across local, national, regional, and global levels, and proposes analyzing integration options based on the adaptation cycle and framework themes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000914#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The COP26 decision fails to mention transboundary climate risks, despite growing recognition from experts and governments that they are a serious concern.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000914#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The framework for the global goal on adaptation (GGA), scheduled for adoption at COP28 in Dubai in December 2023, is identified as a key opportunity to incorporate the complexity of climate risks that span local, national, regional, and global levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000914#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","Global Goal on Adaptation","Paris Agreement","international cooperation"],"geography_discussed":["Dubai"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis"]},{"id":"sei-002030","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002030","title":"Ny strategi för global utveckling behövs","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"statement","language":"sv","date_published":"2023-11-02","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/perspectives/ny-strategi-for-global-utveckling-behovs/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines a proposal by the Swedish Development Research Network (SweDev) to the Swedish government, warning that recent funding cuts to Sida and university-based development research threaten Sweden's capacity to address global challenges like climate change and poverty. The authors call for a new national strategy and the creation of an excellence center for research on equitable global development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002030#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Swedish government has significantly reduced funding for research on equitable global development, including a 53 percent reduction in Sida's research funding announced in late 2022 and the total withdrawal of earmarked support for development research at Swedish universities in June 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002030#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Funding cuts have jeopardized long-term partnerships between Swedish researchers and those in low- and lower-middle-income countries, risking the loss of unique research capabilities and expertise.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002030#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors argue that other funding sources and grants are insufficient replacements for dedicated development research funding, and the dissolution of development research assessment committees at the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) has removed unique evaluative expertise.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002030#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To address the current lack of strategy, the researchers propose that the government investigate the creation of a Swedish excellence center for research on equitable global development and identify new opportunities for long-term co-financing of research infrastructure in low- and lower-middle-income countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002030#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","African Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy proposal","critique"]},{"id":"sei-001191","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001191","title":"2050 Long-term Emission Reduction and Climate Resilient Strategy for Jamaica","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://leap.sei.org/pubattachments/5169.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Jamaica aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 73% below 2020 levels by 2050 and achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. The strategy focuses on deep decarbonisation of the electricity, transport, and industry sectors, alongside comprehensive adaptation measures for tourism, infrastructure, and agriculture. Implementation requires an estimated USD 6 billion (USD 5 billion for mitigation and USD 1 billion for adaptation) and a just transition for the workforce.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Jamaica intends to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 73% below 2020 levels (7.25 MtCO2e) by 2050, with an indicative target to reach net zero emissions by 2060.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The electricity sector targets 100% generation from renewable sources by 2050, including a full phase-out of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) capacity by 2035 and all fossil fuel generation by 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the transport sector, Jamaica aims for electric vehicles (EVs) to comprise 67% of the passenger fleet by 2050 and plans to deploy at least 2,000 electric buses by 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Building sector milestones include replacing 100% of residential electric lighting with LED lamps by 2030 and phasing out new LPG cookers by 2050, reducing LPG use to 10% of 2020 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Industrial mitigation targets include reducing the clinker-to-cement ratio to 70% by 2030 and reducing sectoral energy intensity by 15% relative to 2020 levels by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Forestry goals for 2050 include maintaining 'no-net-loss' forest cover plus an additional 3% of land covered by forest, and increasing mangrove cover by 4,000 hectares.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Agricultural mitigation targets for 2030 include a 14% reduction in livestock emissions and a 20% reduction in ruminant animal methane emissions relative to 2020 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The total estimated cost for implementing the strategy between 2023 and 2050 is USD 6 billion, consisting of USD 5 billion for mitigation and USD 1 billion for adaptation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Jamaica identifies critical adaptation needs in tourism, where a 1-metre sea level rise is estimated to impact 8% of major resorts, and 18% of coastal infrastructure if the rise reaches 2 metres.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The strategy emphasizes a 'just transition' for workers in fossil fuel-dependent industries, utilizing the ILO's four pillars: social dialogue, employment, skills development, and social protection.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Jamaica plans to utilize Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to engage in carbon markets, identifying high-impact mitigation outcomes in intermittent renewables, battery storage, and low-carbon vehicles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The strategy incorporates gender mainstreaming through three principles: gender-responsive vulnerability assessments, equitable inclusion in decision-making, and gender-responsive access to climate finance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001191#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Net-zero emissions","renewable energy","electric vehicle","energy efficiency","Mangrove restoration","Climate-smart agriculture","waste-to-energy","carbon emission trading","climate change adaptation","loss and damage","just transition","climate finance","gender mainstreaming"],"geography_discussed":["Caribbean"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scenario analysis","cost estimation","policy framework","vulnerability assessment"]},{"id":"sei-001914","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001914","title":"WASH-Flows","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/sei2023.052-wash-flows-fact-sheet.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"WASH-Flows is a Microsoft Excel-based tool developed under the Bolivia WATCH Program to bridge the gap between household-level WASH data and watershed-scale planning. It transforms qualitative household information into quantitative data to assess service vulnerability, estimate environmental contamination loads, and provide water demand and wastewater flow data for water resources management software. While developed for Bolivia and currently applied in the Tupiza, Pampa Huari, and Choqueyapu-La Paz watersheds, the tool is intended for use in low- and middle-income countries across rural and peri-urban settings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001914#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The WASH-Flows tool utilizes a Microsoft Excel interface to convert qualitative household data into quantitative analysis and graphical representations, allowing planners to assess the current state and vulnerability of WASH services at the community level.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001914#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The tool is designed to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 by monitoring progress and prioritizing interventions in rural and peri-urban areas to ensure no one is left behind.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001914#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"WASH-Flows provides critical data for environmental and resource management, including estimates of contamination loads from inadequate sanitation and data on water demand and wastewater flows that can be integrated into watershed modelling tools like the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) system.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001914#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Developed under the Bolivia WATCH Program and financed by Sida, the tool has been applied in its beta version to three Bolivian watersheds: Tupiza, Pampa Huari, and Choqueyapu-La Paz.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001914#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Integrated Water Resources Management","wastewater treatment","water quality"],"geography_discussed":["Tupiza","Pampa Huari","Choqueyapu-La Paz","Guatemala","Mexico","Peru","Colombia","Spain"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["tool description","methodology overview"]},{"id":"sei-001915","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001915","title":"WASH-Flows","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"es","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/sei2023.053-herramienta-wash-flows.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"WASH-Flows is a Microsoft Excel-based tool developed under the Bolivia WATCH Program to bridge the gap between household-level WASH data and community-scale watershed planning. It transforms qualitative information into quantitative data to assess service vulnerability, estimate pollution loads, and calculate water demand and wastewater flows. While currently in beta and applied in three Bolivian watersheds, the tool aims to support local governments and planners in rural and peri-urban environments to prioritize interventions and align with SDG 6 targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001915#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"WASH-Flows is an analytical tool that enables the estimation and evaluation of the vulnerability of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services at both domestic and community levels, specifically targeting rural and peri-urban environments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001915#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The tool was developed within the Bolivia WATCH (WASH Thinking Connected to Hydrology) Program, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), and utilizes the 'service ladder' methodology from the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001915#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"WASH-Flows uses a Microsoft Excel interface to convert qualitative data on infrastructure, quality, accessibility, and management into quantitative results, including graphs, tables, and matrices. It can function independently or be integrated with the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) hydrological modeling tool.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001915#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The tool's capabilities include estimating environmental pollution loads from poor sanitation practices, comparing different infrastructure alternatives, and providing data on water demand and wastewater flows for integrated water resource management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001915#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The beta version of the tool has been applied in three Bolivian watersheds: Tupiza, Pampa Huari, and Choqueyapu-La Paz. While not yet public, it has generated interest in Colombia, Spain, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru, with training already conducted for government agencies in Guatemala and stakeholders in Bolivia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001915#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Integrated Water Resources Management","water-management","wastewater treatment"],"geography_discussed":["Tupiza River","Pampa Huari","Choqueyapu-La Paz","Guatemala","Mexico","Peru","Colombia","Spain"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["tool description","case study"]},{"id":"sei-001916","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001916","title":"Exercice Flux des ressources (FdR) : Guide de mise en œuvre","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"guide","language":"fr","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/sei2023.056-exercice-flux-guide.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Resource Flow (FdR) exercise is a participatory mapping tool developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to help rural communities, specifically in Burkina Faso, identify and valorize household 'natural' waste—such as human and animal excreta, greywater, and organic residues—as nutrients for sustainable agriculture. The guide outlines a two-step process: the collaborative creation of a visual resource flow diagram (production $\\rightarrow$ consumption $\\rightarrow$ waste management) and subsequent discussions to identify system weaknesses and potential productive innovations. It includes detailed animation narratives, data collection sheets for diagnostics and awareness-raising, and a library of visual aids to facilitate the process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001916#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The FdR exercise aims to make participants realize that 'natural' household waste consists of important resources that should be valorized in agriculture to promote sustainable production and food security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001916#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The exercise is structured into two primary phases: the participatory elaboration of a resource flow schema and discussions based on that schema to identify strengths, weaknesses, and solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001916#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The tool can be used for two distinct purposes: as a diagnostic tool in focus groups (6-10 participants) to assess a village's waste management, or as an awareness-raising tool for individual households or small groups to encourage the transition to a 'productive household'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001916#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Commonly identified 'weak points' in waste management (marked with red dots during the exercise) include human urine and feces, animal urine (due to lack of bedding), latrine sludge, and greywater from laundry, dishes, and showers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001916#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The guide proposes several 'productive' technical innovations to improve waste recovery, including Ecosan latrines (urine-separating), double-pit latrines for safe sludge emptying, and the use of bedding to absorb animal urine.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001916#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The FdR methodology utilizes specific data collection sheets (Fiches A-E) to document waste management practices, cultural or religious constraints to valorization, the perceived value of waste as agricultural input, and health risks associated with fresh waste.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001916#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable agriculture","waste management","food security","water management"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["methodological guide","participatory tool"]},{"id":"sei-001917","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001917","title":"Looking beyond the average Swedish household carbon footprint","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/sei2023.057-household-sweden-klimatkalkylatorn.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The analysis of over 800,000 responses from the Klimatkalkylatorn tool reveals that the average Swedish household carbon footprint is 4.3 tons CO2e per person, with significant variations based on municipality type, income, and family structure. Food is the largest emission driver overall, while air travel causes the widest disparities between households. The study highlights that residents in commuting municipalities near large cities often have the highest footprints, whereas those in large cities have the lowest overall footprints, primarily due to reduced car travel.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001917#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The average carbon footprint among users of the Klimatkalkylatorn tool is 4.3 tons CO2e per person, which is slightly lower than the official Swedish EPA estimate of 4.6 tons CO2e.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001917#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food is the primary driver of greenhouse gas emissions for all analyzed municipality groups, accounting for 27% of the total footprint among users.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001917#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Air travel is the consumption category that creates the most significant differences in carbon footprints between households and municipality groups, with residents of large cities having footprints twice as high as those in rural municipalities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001917#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Geographic location and municipality type influence footprint size; respondents in \"Commuting municipalities near large cities\" (group A2) have the highest overall footprint per person, while those in \"Large cities\" (group A1) have the lowest.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001917#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Household size inversely affects the per person footprint; single-person households have the highest footprints, particularly in air travel and consumption of furniture and electronics, while households with one adult and four children have the lowest.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001917#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a strong correlation between high average income levels in municipalities and higher carbon footprints, with air travel being the dominant emission source in high-income areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001917#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon footprint","residential energy","transportation","urbanization","sustainable consumption"],"geography_discussed":["Danderyd Municipality","Vellinge Municipality","Lidingö Municipality","Lund","Umeå","Vilhelmina"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","socio-economic analysis"]},{"id":"sei-002302","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002302","title":"Transition or lock-in? Tracking institutional support for gas in two Latin American case studies","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/gas-lock-in-colombia-mexico.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The paper examines how institutional carbon lock-in perpetuates fossil fuel use in Latin America, specifically through case studies of gas projects in Mexico and Colombia. It argues that state-owned enterprises and regulatory bodies often approve infrastructure based on the 'bridge fuel' narrative and perceived links between gas and economic development, despite a lack of robust demand analysis or alignment with climate targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Institutional carbon lock-in occurs when public and private actors create dynamics that maintain the production and use of fossil fuels, even when they contradict market trends or technological advancements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many Latin American countries are expanding gas capacity without sufficient justification or demand projections under current decarbonization scenarios, which increases the risk of lock-in.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Energy regulators frequently approve gas infrastructure based on the preconceived notions that gas is a 'clean' fuel and essential for development, often omitting evaluations of climate, environmental, and social impacts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"State-owned enterprises (SOEs) significantly contribute to institutional carbon lock-in because they often benefit financially from the development and operation of gas infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Mexico, the Tehuantepec Isthmus Cluster—comprising a trans-isthmic pipeline and underground storage with an estimated cost of US$900 million—is promoted as a tool for regional poverty reduction despite challenges in creating actual gas demand.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Colombia's Pacific LNG Import System is viewed as a 'low-carbon buffer' to ensure electricity reliability during El Niño events, yet it has struggled to attract market interest, with multiple bidding rounds declared void.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'bridge fuel' narrative from Europe and North America is being applied in Latin America without considering local technological or regulatory contexts, potentially hindering transitions to renewable energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"US geopolitical strategies and the shale gas boom have increased Mexico's dependence on US gas imports, which reached over 90% by 2018 and influenced the planning of projects like the Tehuantepec Isthmus Cluster.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Existing assets and legacy contracts can justify new fossil fuel investments; for example, Mexico's CFE announced a $4.5 billion investment to utilize under-used gas transport capacity secured via take-or-pay contracts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002302#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Carbon lock-in","natural gas","energy transition","liquefied natural gas","energy security","methane emissions","electricity generation"],"geography_discussed":["Latin America","Brazil","United States","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","policy analysis","grey literature review"]},{"id":"sei-002729","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002729","title":"Avancement du cadre d’assainissement « Village propre et productif » (VPP) pour améliorer la santé et la production agricole","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/sei2023.054-vpp-burkina-faso.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 'Clean and Productive Village' (VPP) framework aims to advance rural sanitation beyond the elimination of open defecation by integrating risk management (the 'Clean' pillar) and resource recovery (the 'Productive' pillar). In Burkina Faso, the framework focuses on the safe reuse of human excreta, animal waste, organic waste, ash, and greywater to enhance soil fertility and crop yields. Pilot implementations in three villages demonstrated high community interest in recycling nutrients, though perceptions of risk vary between human and animal waste. The report details participatory tools for diagnosis and capacity building, a monitoring system based on specific indicators, and emphasizes the necessity of collaborating with the agricultural sector to ensure the safe and effective application of recovered nutrients.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002729#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The VPP framework consists of two main pillars following the initial achievement of 'Open Defecation Free' (ODF) status: a 'Clean' pillar to reduce health risks from various waste streams and a 'Productive' pillar to promote the safe reuse of nutrients (N, P, K), water, and organic matter.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002729#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Burkina Faso, the potential nutrient value of human excreta is significant; an average person excretes nutrients equivalent to approximately 15 kg of chemical fertilizer per year, with a market value between 4,400 and 9,800 FCFA.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002729#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Baseline studies in three pilot villages revealed that 89% to 100% of respondents observed declining soil fertility, and 92% to 98% expressed interest in the safe recycling of urine and hygienized fecal matter.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002729#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community perceptions in pilot areas differ by waste type: human urine and feces are viewed as having low value and high risk, whereas animal excreta are perceived as high value and low risk, despite 98% of households keeping livestock in domestic areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002729#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The VPP implementation strategy is technologically neutral, focusing on outcomes such as risk reduction and productive reuse rather than specific technologies, allowing for local solutions like Ecosan latrines, Arborloos, or simple urinals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002729#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Progress monitoring for the 'Productive' pillar is based on three criteria for each waste component: quantity (target >75% of waste generated collected), safety (based on WHO multi-barrier approach), and efficiency (reducing nutrient loss and avoiding over-fertilization).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002729#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["agricultural production","circular economy","agroecology","waste management","climate resilience"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["framework development","pilot study","baseline assessment"]},{"id":"sei-002730","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002730","title":"Village propre et productif","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/sei2023.055-suivre-propre-v1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines the 'Village propre et productif' (VPP) framework, which aims to improve rural health and agricultural production by managing sanitation risks and reusing waste. It details two main components: the 'Propre' (Clean) track, focusing on risk management and hygiene, and the 'Productif' (Productive) track, focusing on the safe recovery of nutrients from human and animal waste. The report provides comprehensive indicator checklists for households to achieve 'Clean' or 'Productive' status, a fictional case study of a village named 'Dogodogo' to illustrate data visualization, and recommendations for national validation and digital tool implementation in Burkina Faso.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 'Village propre et productif' (VPP) framework is designed to enhance both health and agricultural production by managing local contamination risks and encouraging the safe reuse of wastes such as human and animal excreta, organic waste, ash, and wastewater.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Burkina Faso, the 'Propre' (Clean) component largely overlaps with existing 'Open Defecation Free' (ODF/FDAL) certification criteria, making the 'Productif' (Productive) component the primary innovation for advancing sanitation ambitions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Productif' track monitors seven types of rural waste: human urine, human feces, animal urine, animal excrement, greywater, ash, and other organic household waste.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Evaluation of the 'Productif' track is based on three key criteria for each waste type: Quantity (targeting over 75% collection), Safety (reducing health risks), and Efficiency (reducing fertilizer loss).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A household is recognized as a 'Ménage productif' only when all 27 indicators across the seven productive waste components are positive.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Propre' track requires households to meet 35 indicators across seven components: latrines and fecal sludge management, solid waste, animal waste, greywater, domestic water, handwashing, and food hygiene to achieve 'Ménage propre' status.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report suggests a tiered scoring system for indicators: green (all indicators positive), orange (all but one positive), and red (two or more negative).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To operationalize the VPP framework in Burkina Faso, the authors recommend national validation of indicators by ministries of Health, Water and Sanitation, Agriculture, and Environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report proposes using digital tools like M-water for data collection and QR codes for household feedback to track progress and share best practices via a 'VPP hub' or WhatsApp.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002730#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Dogodogo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["framework proposal","monitoring and evaluation"]},{"id":"sei-002731","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002731","title":"Energy transition ambitions of four national oil and gas companies in South America","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/sei2023.059-national-oil-and-gas-companies.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines Ecopetrol, Petrobras, YPF, and EP Petroecuador, finding that while some have stated ambitions for unrelated diversification, these efforts are not a priority compared to decarbonizing existing fossil fuel operations. The authors argue that these NOGCs face significant institutional, financial, and technical barriers that limit their capacity to transition away from their core hydrocarbon businesses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002731#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"For the four South American NOGCs studied, diversification into new low-carbon businesses is a component of their strategy but is not the primary priority for decarbonization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002731#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The NOGCs' current climate strategies focus primarily on reducing operational emissions and shifting toward natural gas rather than structurally moving away from fossil fuels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002731#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ecopetrol, Petrobras, and YPF have included unrelated diversification in their long-term strategies, whereas EP Petroecuador lacks such plans, focusing instead on efficiency and reducing environmental impacts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002731#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Actual financial commitment to unrelated diversification is low, with most NOGCs allocating less than 1% of total capital expenditure to businesses outside their core areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002731#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ecopetrol and YPF have demonstrated more advanced unrelated diversification through specific actions: Ecopetrol acquired a majority stake in Interconexión Eléctrica S.A. ESP (ISA), and YPF launched YPF Litio for lithium extraction and battery manufacturing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002731#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"NOGCs are limited by institutional inertia and a dependence on fossil fuel revenues, which creates a need for clear government mandates to accelerate diversification.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002731#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","decarbonization","green hydrogen","renewable energy","carbon capture and storage","methane emissions","stranded asset","Carbon lock-in"],"geography_discussed":["Catamarca Province"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative analysis","strategic assessment"]},{"id":"sei-002732","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002732","title":"Factores habilitantes de la aceptación social de los proyectos eólicos en La Guajira","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/sei2023.060-factores-habilitantes-proyectos-eolicos-guajira.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies eight enabling factors to improve social acceptance of wind energy projects in La Guajira, Colombia, where high social conflict has led to project delays and suspensions. It emphasizes the need for transparent information, regulated community advisors, recognition of ancestral Wayuu leadership, and standardized benefit distribution to ensure a just energy transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002732#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Wind energy projects in La Guajira face significant social conflict and delays due to concerns over justice, equity, and the legitimacy of consultation processes, leading to protests and project suspensions, such as the indefinite suspension of the 200 MW Windpeshi project.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002732#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical lack of accessible and updated information regarding wind projects, including their capacity, real areas of intervention, and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), which hinders effective community participation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002732#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community advisors often lack impartiality and technical expertise because they are typically hired and paid by the project developers, creating incentives to accelerate consultation processes at the expense of social or environmental considerations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002732#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Consultation processes often fail to recognize the dual nature of Wayuu leadership, creating conflict between the state-recognized 'traditional authority' (administrative) and the 'ancestral authority' or Alaüla, who defines territorial and family matters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002732#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The absence of regulated standards for benefit distribution leads to heterogeneous and disproportionate agreements between companies and communities, which can trigger internal conflicts and family divisions within the Wayuu people.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002732#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While Law 2294 of 2023 increases 'electrical transfers' from wind plants to territorial entities (gradually from 1% to 6% for new plants), there is no documented case of successful distribution of these resources in La Guajira due to local corruption and poor planning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002732#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regional institutional capacity is insufficient to manage the volume of wind projects; for example, CORPOGUAJIRA lacks the resources to review extensive Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) within stipulated timeframes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002732#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Energy planning in the region has followed a 'Decide-Announce-Defend' (DAD) model, where national decisions and auctions occur before reaching agreements with local communities or updating municipal Land Use Plans (POTs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002732#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["wind power","energy transition","just transition","climate finance","indigenous rights","environmental impact assessment","land-use planning"],"geography_discussed":["Colombia","Maicao"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["social impact assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"sei-000191","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000191","title":"Municipalities can contribute to the strengthening of carbon sinks","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2023-10-31","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/municipalities-can-contribute-to-the-strengthening-of-carbon-sinks/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document discusses the role of municipalities in maintaining carbon sinks, noting that in forested countries like Finland, Norway, and Sweden, this is complicated by the desire to use wood to replace fossil fuels. It argues that while formal policy instruments to prevent forest conversion are under-developed, local governments can lead through voluntary actions and land-use influence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000191#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In forested nations including Finland, Norway, and Sweden, maintaining forest carbon sinks is politically difficult because of the goal to use wood as a substitute for fossil fuels and raw materials for forest-based industries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000191#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current policy tools designed to prevent the conversion of forest land or to incentivize the development of carbon sinks and the reduction of land-use greenhouse gas emissions are not yet sufficiently developed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000191#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Municipalities and regional governments are positioned to lead voluntary efforts to preserve sinks by utilizing their influence over land-use and incorporating sink roles into local climate targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000191#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon sink","Villevocance","land use","forestry","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Finland","Norway","Sweden"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis"]},{"id":"sei-000638","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000638","title":"Role of Europe in resilience to cross-border climate impacts","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-10-20","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/role-of-europe-in-resilience-to-cross-border-climate-impacts/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the role of the European Union in mitigating cross-border climate impacts, specifically focusing on how climatic shocks in agri-food systems in third countries can trigger cascading risks—such as economic disruption, social unrest, and migration—that eventually affect Europe.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000638#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate events like droughts and flooding can create cascading impacts that traverse national borders, affecting distant countries through interconnected trade, financial systems, and human movement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000638#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the combination of water shortages and high temperatures can reduce agricultural yields, leading to food value chain disruptions, rural-urban migration, social unrest, and increased migration toward Europe, which may be exploited by organised crime.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000638#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Agri-food systems serve as a critical link in risk cascades connecting climate shocks to economic and displacement challenges, but they also represent a strategic entry point for interrupting these cascades to prevent them from spreading across borders and domains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000638#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate migration","food security"],"geography_discussed":["Middle East and North Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","risk assessment"]},{"id":"sei-000724","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000724","title":"Natural Climate Solutions, Fire Mitigation and Net Zero","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-10-19","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/natural-climate-solutions-fire-mitigation-net-zero/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The paper evaluates the impact of forest fires on the permanence of six REDD+ projects certified under the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) Program. Using remote sensing, documentation analysis, and surveys, the authors found that while some loss events and one reversal occurred, credit permanence was maintained due to the use of capitalized buffer pools. The study also suggests that NCS projects can provide fire-mitigation benefits that exceed minimum carbon crediting requirements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000724#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"An analysis of six REDD+ projects certified under the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) Program revealed that some loss events and one reversal occurred, but these did not threaten credit permanence because of the existence of an adequately capitalized buffer pool designed to compensate for such reversals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000724#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors suggest that natural climate solutions (NCS) projects have the capacity to produce fire mitigation benefits that go beyond the minimum requirements necessary for carbon crediting, and these benefits could potentially be applied to other projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000724#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["forest fire","Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation","carbon offset"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","risk assessment"]},{"id":"sei-000236","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000236","title":"Community Dependence Perceptions of Wetlands in Chindwin Basin","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-10-02","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/community-dependence-perceptions-wetlands-chindwin-basin/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The text highlights the critical role of wetland ecosystems in providing services to humans, particularly for the poorest communities, while noting that 64%–71% of global wetlands have been lost since the 20th century due to factors like land use change, climate change, and resource extraction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000236#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems globally, with an estimated 64% to 71% of the world's wetlands lost to degradation since the beginning of the 20th century, with Asia experiencing the most significant large-scale transformations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000236#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The primary drivers of wetland loss include land use and land cover change, climate change, fires, reclamation, and the extraction of surface and groundwater.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000236#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The degradation and conversion of wetlands negatively affect land productivity, habitats, and resources, disproportionately impacting the poorest communities who rely directly on wetland ecosystem functions and services.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000236#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["ecosystem service","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Asia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["literature review"]},{"id":"sei-002726","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002726","title":"A just coal transition in Indonesia","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-10","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sei2023-051-coal-indonesia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the complexities of Indonesia's transition away from coal, highlighting a conflict between government/industry priorities—which focus on economic stability and coal derivatives—and the social and environmental priorities of civil society. It identifies significant barriers, including a quasi-monopoly on electricity by the state-owned PLN, deep political ties between coal oligarchs and policymakers, and a lack of coordination between national and regional governments. While initiatives like the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) and Energy Transition Mechanism (ETM) show progress, the report argues that a truly just transition requires economic diversification, reskilling of the workforce, and the reclamation of abandoned mines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Indonesia's energy sector is characterized by a centralized structure where the state-owned Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) holds a quasi-monopoly on electricity distribution and owns most generation capacity, which hinders the competitiveness of renewable energy independent power producers (IPPs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant divergence in how a 'just transition' is framed: government and private sector actors prioritize economic and technological aspects, while civil society organizations (CSOs) and international organizations emphasize social and environmental justice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Indonesian government and industry associations are promoting coal derivatives (such as coal gas and liquid coal) as an economic diversification strategy, despite scientific evidence that these pathways remain carbon-intensive and may contradict net-zero targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coal mining is deeply embedded in the political economy, with strong networks of interconnections where former government officials work for coal companies and industry actors exert significant influence over policymaking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Illegal mining operations, known as Penambangan Tanpa Izin (PETI), are widespread, providing livelihoods for millions of people and supplying coal to local industries and international markets, particularly China.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A major policy barrier is the lack of coordination and coherence between the national government and regional/provincial authorities, particularly following the 2020 'recentralization' of mining permit authority.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental degradation from coal is severe, with many post-mining sites left without proper reclamation, creating hazards for local communities; however, local governments often lack the authority to enforce rehabilitation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"International finance, particularly from China, has played a critical role in expanding Indonesia's coal capacity, often creating a 'policy feedback effect' that encourages further coal exploitation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) and the Energy Transition Mechanism (ETM) are the primary large-scale initiatives aimed at phasing out coal, with JETP targeting a 34% renewable energy share by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002726#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Coal phase-out","just transition","renewable energy","carbon capture and storage","climate finance","environmental degradation","energy justice","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["East Kalimantan","South Kalimantan","West Sumatra","South Sumatra","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["stakeholder analysis","policy review","socio-economic assessment"]},{"id":"sei-002728","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002728","title":"Natural climate solutions and fire mitigation: early findings on the path to net zero","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-10","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sei2023.049-fire-mitigation-net-zero.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study finds that while forest fires are a threat, the VCS Program's pooled buffer account is adequately capitalized to guarantee credit permanence. Analysis of six REDD+ projects shows that some, such as the Katingan Peatland Restoration Project, generate fire-mitigation co-benefits through advanced management practices, while others do not. Only one reversal was identified across 190 AFOLU projects, which was fully compensated by the buffer pool.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002728#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The VCS Program's pooled buffer account is sufficiently robust to guarantee the permanence of issued credits, as total historic cancellations to compensate for reversals represent only 0.08% of current reserves as of July 2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002728#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among the six studied NCS projects, only one experienced a loss event (the Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve Project), but it did not result in a reversal because the project replaced the lost carbon stocks and generated additional emission reductions during the verification period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002728#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A reversal was identified in one of 190 AFOLU projects—the TIST Program in Kenya—where landowners harvested trees for timber, resulting in a reversal of 48,838 tCO2e that was fully compensated by cancelling buffer credits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002728#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Katingan Peatland Restoration Project (ID 1477) in Indonesia demonstrated significant fire-mitigation co-benefits, experiencing fewer fires and a lower percentage of tree cover loss compared to its matched protected area comparators.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002728#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve Project (ID 674) did not generate excess fire-mitigation co-benefits, as it experienced a higher normalized fire count per square kilometre and higher tree cover loss than its comparison areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002728#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Brazil and Peru, the study could not determine if projects generated excess fire mitigation because most project and comparison areas lacked statistically significant correlations between fire and tree cover loss.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002728#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective fire management practices identified in high-performing projects include the use of fire-break plantations, peatland rewetting, drones for observation, early warning systems, and the allocation of over 40% of the annual operational budget to fire management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002728#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In certain regions, such as the RESEX Rio Preto-Jacundá REDD+ Project in Brazil, deforestation often precedes fire due to 'forest edging,' where loggers clear trees to access stands before setting burns to clear litter.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002728#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation","forest fire","carbon offset","carbon credit","carbon sequestration"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Uganda","India"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["mixed methods","remote sensing","geospatial analysis","qualitative survey"]},{"id":"sei-000807","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000807","title":"Municipal consumption-based emissions","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2023-09-29","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/municipal-consumption-based-emissions/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document discusses the shift from territorial to consumption-based emission tracking in Nordic municipalities to capture embodied emissions from imported goods and services. It highlights that imported embodied CO2 emissions in final consumption ranged from 45% in Finland to nearly 60% in Iceland in 2015. The brief identifies data collection across value chains as a primary challenge and notes that the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for cities (GPC) lacks detailed guidance for comprehensive consumption-based assessments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000807#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Nordic countries generate significant emissions outside their borders through the consumption of goods and services, with imported embodied CO2 emissions in final consumption ranging from 45% for Finland to nearly 60% for Iceland in 2015, varying based on factors like industrial structure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000807#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Municipalities face a significant challenge in collecting data and estimating impacts from local consumption across value chains, and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for cities (GPC) does not currently offer detailed guidance for these comprehensive assessments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000807#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While Nordic municipalities often set ambitious climate-neutrality goals, their tracking has primarily relied on territorial or area-based approaches, which document where gases are emitted rather than where the consumption driving those emissions occurs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000807#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas inventory","embedded emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Iceland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment"]}]}