{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["Stockholm Environment Institute"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":2826,"relation":"eq"},"page":22,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=stockholm-environment-institute&page=22","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=stockholm-environment-institute&page=23","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"sei-000004","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000004","title":"Impacts and risks of climate change for trade infrastructure","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12-20","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/impacts-risks-climate-change-trade-infrastructure/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the vulnerability of global trade infrastructure—including ports, roads, railways, and air transport—to both sudden extreme weather events and slow-onset impacts like sea-level rise. It highlights how the concentration of production centres in climate-vulnerable regions and the interconnected nature of global value chains can amplify the economic effects of localized disruptions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000004#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change disrupts global trade through both sudden extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and floods, and slow-onset impacts like sea-level rise, which damage critical infrastructure including roads, railways, bridges, ports, and air transport.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000004#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The global economy is highly exposed to climate impacts because critical economic sectors rely on imports from a small number of geographically concentrated production centres and supply chains located in vulnerable regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000004#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The interconnected nature of modern global value chains means that climate-driven disruptions in key locations can have a disproportionately large effect on the overall global economy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000004#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sea level rise","flood","drought","water scarcity"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","Suez Canal"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["literature review","risk assessment"]},{"id":"sei-000927","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000927","title":"NATO and Anthropogenic Strategic Security","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12-20","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/nato-and-anthropogenic-strategic-security/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The article examines NATO's evolution from deterring state and non-state actors to addressing anthropogenic risks like climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that these risks represent a critical juncture for the Alliance to reorient its sustainability strategies, noting that the pandemic prompted the first significant regional mobilization of military assets in response to a non-human risk.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000927#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Anthropogenic risks, including climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, act as a critical juncture for NATO to reorient its sustainability strategies to address resource depletion and climate fluctuations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000927#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While NATO had previously addressed climate change incrementally, the COVID-19 pandemic served as a catalyst for the Alliance to recognize insecurity stemming from sources other than states or non-state actors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000927#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic marked the first time NATO mobilized military assets on a European regional level for a sustained period to respond to a unique risk.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000927#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Europe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["institutional analysis"]},{"id":"sei-000228","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000228","title":"What’s Cooking: Frontiers of Food","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12-08","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/unep-whats-cooking-frontiers-2023/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document evaluates the role of novel plant-based, cultivated, and fermentation-derived foods in reducing the environmental and health burdens of conventional animal source foods, while noting the need for further research on socioeconomic and nutritional implications.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000228#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Food systems contribute approximately 30% of current anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, with animal products accounting for nearly 60% of those food-related emissions, totaling between 14.5% and 20% of global emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000228#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conventional animal source foods (ASF) contribute to climate change, biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and pollution, while high intake of red and processed meats is linked to non-communicable diseases and risks like antimicrobial resistance and zoonotic disease.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000228#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Novel alternatives, including cultivated meat, fermentation-derived foods, and plant-based meat, can reduce environmental impacts, animal welfare concerns, and risks of zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance, though their adoption depends on cost, taste, regulation, and cultural acceptability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000228#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food system","greenhouse gas emissions","biodiversity loss","food security"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"sei-000790","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000790","title":"IFIs and Heavy Industry Decarbonization","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12-06","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/ifis-heavy-industry-decarbonization/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document highlights the critical need for timely financing to decarbonize heavy industry in emerging and developing economies, noting that steel and cement production alone account for 11% of global greenhouse gas emissions. It argues that IFIs can accelerate the transition to net zero by providing concessional capital to de-risk investments and offering technical assistance for national and corporate roadmaps. However, IFI engagement is currently in its early stages due to barriers such as misaligned financing mandates, the massive scale of required investments, and competing country priorities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000790#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Heavy industry is a significant driver of global emissions, with steel production contributing 6% of all global greenhouse gas emissions (8% of CO2) and cement production contributing 5% (6% of CO2).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000790#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"International financial institutions (IFIs) can facilitate the transition to net zero by using targeted concessional capital to reduce risk for commercial financiers and first movers, while providing technical assistance for project pipelines, capacity development, and transition plans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000790#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current IFI involvement in heavy industry decarbonization is limited by several barriers, including the scale of necessary investments, country priorities favoring other sectors, and a misalignment between IFI mandates and corporate needs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000790#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","international financial institution","Blended Finance","Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment"]},{"id":"sei-001918","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001918","title":"New WEAP PlugIn calculates water stress, disaggregated by sub-basin","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/sei2023.062-weap-plugin-water-stress-corrected.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Stockholm Environment Institute and the FAO have developed a WEAP PlugIn that allows for the calculation of water stress at the sub-basin level rather than just on a country-wide basis. By disaggregating data, water resource managers can better visualize spatial variations in water stress and test the impact of different management strategies, such as reducing canal losses or accounting for population growth. The tool uses the Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Shift method to incorporate environmental flow requirements into its calculations. The briefing demonstrates the tool's application using the Senegal River basin and lists recommendations for its implementation in other basins.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001918#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A new PlugIn for the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software, developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), enables the calculation of water stress by catchment area to provide detailed insights at the sub-basin level.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001918#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The tool calculates water stress based on SDG Indicator 6.4.2, which compares total freshwater withdrawals (TFWW) against total renewable freshwater resources (TRWR) after subtracting environmental flow requirements (EFR).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001918#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To standardize calculations where minimum environmental flows are not established, the PlugIn utilizes the Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Shift method, which adjusts requirements based on the ecological management class of the river.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001918#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Application of the tool to the Senegal River basin demonstrates that water stress varies significantly by sub-basin; for example, in 2021, water stress was below 10% in the upstream Bakoye, Kolombine, Faleme and Karakoro basins, but exceeded 70% in the lower portions of the Senegal River below Bakel.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001918#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Simulations in the Senegal River basin indicate that reducing canal losses from an average of 35% to 15% leads to a clear decrease in water stress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001918#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The tool can project the impact of future uncertainties; for the Senegal River basin, a high population growth scenario (4% per year) is projected to increase water stress and decrease water demand satisfaction, particularly for Dakar.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001918#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Based on testing in Algeria, Rwanda, and the Senegal River basin, the developers recommend that models for disaggregated water stress should cover entire basins, include all significant external water supplies and demands, and avoid selecting small catchments unless they are major freshwater sources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001918#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water management","water scarcity","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Senegal River basin","Senegal","Mauritania","Mali","Guinea","Dakar","Algeria","Rwanda"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["tool description","case study","scenario simulation"]},{"id":"sei-001919","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001919","title":"Climate change impacts, adaptation options and opportunities for investment in agro-pastoral value chains in arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/sei2023.065-climate-adaptation-asal-kenya.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the vulnerability of agro-pastoral value chains in Kenya's arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) to climate change, specifically focusing on temperature increases and rainfall variability. Using the VC-ARID methodology, it analyzes eight value chains: pasture/fodder, livestock, bee, gum and resin, aloe, poultry, mango, and beadwork. Findings indicate that rising temperatures and water stress generally reduce productivity for livestock, poultry, and fodder, while potentially increasing yields for gum and resin. The report emphasizes the need for transformative adaptation, including the formalization of cooperatives, improved market infrastructure, and the integration of gender-inclusive policies to enhance community resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change is manifesting in Kenya's arid and semi-arid lands through increased severity and frequency of droughts and floods, land degradation, and temperature and rainfall variations, which threaten food system stability and community quality of life.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Across the four studied counties, there is critically low access to essential supporting services, with only 25% of respondents accessing climate information, 21% accessing financial services, and 32.3% accessing market information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Projected climate scenarios indicate a general increase in mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and a decrease in annual precipitation for West Pokot, Turkana, and Narok, which is expected to exacerbate water and heat stress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The pasture and fodder value chain faces significant risks from projected temperatures exceeding the 30°C threshold in Turkana and West Pokot, which, combined with reduced rainfall, will likely diminish fodder quantity, quality, and nutritional value.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Livestock productivity is threatened by thermal heat stress as temperatures exceed 20°C, with every 1°C increase in warming projected to reduce livestock feed intake by 1–3%, leading to lower body weight and reduced milk and meat output.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The bee value chain is highly vulnerable to temperatures above 25°C, which increases the need for nest cooling, reduces foraging activity, and increases brood mortality, particularly in Turkana where temperatures may exceed 35°C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Unlike most other nature-based value chains, gum and resin productivity is expected to increase with rising temperatures, as the Acacia Senegal tree is drought-tolerant and yields often rise in challenging, hotter environments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Aloe vera is identified as a highly suitable adaptation crop due to its extreme drought resistance and ability to thrive in drier environments, though producers currently lack knowledge of national legislation and sustainable seedling acquisition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indigenous poultry are susceptible to severe heat stress at temperatures above 32°C, which negatively impacts egg quality, hatchability, and growth rates, with Turkana facing the highest risk.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mango production is generally adaptable to heat, but projected temperature increases of 0.4°C to 1.5°C may shift suitable production zones and increase the delay in flower initiation and fruit set, especially in Turkana.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Beadwork and crafts provide a critical alternative income for women in Narok, but the value chain is vulnerable to climate change indirectly through the potential decline in tourism if wildlife populations decrease.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender inequality persists in value chain governance, as men typically control productive assets and decision-making, while women perform essential but often invisible roles in production and processing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001919#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","Climate information service","climate finance","land tenure","heat stress","water scarcity","drought","flood"],"geography_discussed":["Nairobi"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["climate risk assessment","value chain analysis","socio-economic impact assessment"]},{"id":"sei-002285","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002285","title":"SOURCE WATER PROTECTION AND DIVERSIFICATION FOR RESILIENT URBAN WATER SUPPLY","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/fa3-desk-report-revised-dec2023-clean.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes planning frameworks, negotiation methods, and financing models used by city water authorities (CWAs) in LMICs to secure resilient water supplies. It identifies that while tools like Scenario Analysis, Robust Decision Support (RDS), and Climate Risk-based Decision Analysis (CRIDA) exist, their implementation is often hindered by low technical capacity, data gaps, and reactive planning driven by crises. Successful negotiation often relies on incentivization, trusted intermediaries, and public buy-in, while financing varies from traditional tariffs and grants to innovative mechanisms like Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and water funds. Case studies from cities such as São Paulo, Cape Town, and Amman illustrate the practical application and challenges of these strategies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002285#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Four planning frameworks are identified for managing urban water supply uncertainties: Scenario Analysis, Robust Decision Support (RDS), Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP), and Climate Risk-based Decision Analysis (CRIDA). Scenario Analysis is the most common but often lacks robustness, while DAPP is frequently inaccessible in low-resource settings due to high computational and technical requirements. CRIDA and RDS are better suited for LMICs as they explicitly consider gender and social inclusion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002285#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"City water authorities (CWAs) in LMICs often struggle with a lack of data and technical capacity, leading to a reliance on outdated information or donor-driven 'projectized' activities. This often results in reactive planning, where long-term resilience strategies are only prioritized after a crisis occurs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002285#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Successful negotiation for water security across multiscale institutional frameworks typically employs three methods: incentivization (financial or behavioral), the use of trusted intermediaries to ensure equitable representation, and securing public buy-in, which is especially critical for demand management and wastewater reuse.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002285#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financing for urban water resilience varies by project type: large infrastructure (reservoirs, pipelines) is typically funded via loans, bonds, public-private partnerships (PPPs), or grants, whereas source water protection (SWP) is most effectively funded through innovative mechanisms like Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and water funds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002285#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and water funds require high levels of stakeholder trust, political commitment, and long-term timeframes (often 10 years or more) to achieve results and build community trust.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002285#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In many LMICs, power dynamics often favor national institutional actors over local CWAs, and sectoral conflicts—particularly between residential water supply, agriculture, and hydroelectric interests—can hinder the implementation of diversification and protection measures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002285#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Transboundary water conflicts create significant institutional uncertainty for cities. While legally binding agreements are difficult to enforce, 'soft-law' instruments and the work of intermediaries like the Internationally Shared Aquifer Resources Management (ISARM) can facilitate cooperation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002285#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-revenue water (NRW) is a major financial and physical barrier to water security in LMIC cities, as high leakage and theft reduce the available water supply and undermine the financial viability of utilities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002285#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","nature-based solutions","Integrated Water Resources Management"],"geography_discussed":["Addis Ababa","Ethiopia","Amman","Jordan","Cape Town","South Africa","Lusaka","Zambia","Manila","Philippines","Quito","Ecuador","São Paulo","Brazil"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["desk review","case study analysis","literature review"]},{"id":"sei-002727","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002727","title":"The cassava value web and its potential for Colombia’s bioeconomy","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/sei2023.038-cassava-value-web-colombia-bioeconomy.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document analyzes the cassava value web in Colombia, identifying its current uses in food, animal feed, and industrial materials, while highlighting potential for expansion into bioplastics and bioethanol. It maps commercial, financial, and knowledge linkages across four main production nuclei: Cauca, the Atlantic Coast, Orinoquía, and Amazonía. The paper argues that while Colombia is the third largest producer in Latin America, low productivity and limited technification hinder its competitiveness. It recommends developing inclusive supply chains, promoting sustainable agricultural practices to protect biodiversity, and increasing incentives for private sector innovation to transition toward a sustainable bioeconomy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Colombia is the third largest producer of cassava in Latin America, but its average yield of 11.34 ton/ha is significantly lower than that of Thailand (22 ton/ha), Brazil (14 ton/ha), and Paraguay (18 ton/ha).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The vast majority of national cassava production (94.4%) is used for direct human consumption, with only 5.6% destined for industrialization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Colombia faces an unsatisfied demand for cassava starch, importing 13,400 tonnes (valued at USD 6.5 million) from Paraguay in 2019 to address shortages in the second half of the year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The cassava value web in Colombia is concentrated in four productive nuclei: Cauca (focused on sour starch), the Atlantic Coast (human consumption and industrial cassava), Orinoquía (high-yield fresh cassava for Bogotá), and Amazonía (indigenous production of artisanal products like tucupí).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial access for small producers is limited by a lack of land ownership, leading them to rely heavily on microfinance institutions rather than state financing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Knowledge generation for primary production is led by CIAT and Agrosavia, while processing innovation is driven by universities (such as the University of Cauca) and organizations like CLAYUCA.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There are significant opportunities to increase domestic demand by replacing imported wheat flour in School Feeding Programs (PAE) with cassava flour and replacing imported corn and soybeans in the animal feed industry with local cassava biomass.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The University of Cauca has developed patents for biodegradable plastics using cassava flour, starch, and bran, though commercial-scale production remains a challenge due to the high price of domestic root compared to imported inputs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental challenges associated with the cassava value web include the uncontrolled use of herbicides, soil erosion from hillside crops, and the discharge of cyanide-rich wastewater from sour starch production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002727#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biobased economy","ethanol fuel","sustainable agriculture","circular economy","biodiversity","land use","wastewater treatment","biomass"],"geography_discussed":["Thailand","Brazil","Paraguay","Nigeria","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Ghana","Cauca Department","Atlantic Coast","Amazon rainforest"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","value chain analysis","stakeholder mapping"]},{"id":"sei-002733","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002733","title":"How small and locally led grants can address loss and damage","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/sei2023.061-small-grants-loss-damage-scottish.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report evaluates five small, locally led grants funded by the Scottish government to address loss and damage (L&D). It argues that while small grants are limited in scale and duration, they are essential for rapid action, capacity building, and piloting human rights-based approaches. Key findings emphasize the need to bridge the gap between L&D and adaptation, prioritize 'trapped' populations in migration support, and shift from rigid output-based monitoring to trust-based, outcome-oriented partnerships grounded in climate justice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A human rights-based approach to loss and damage (L&D) provides a more nuanced understanding of local needs than conventional economic and non-economic categorizations, focusing on restoring dignity and agency through self-determination.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant practical overlap between L&D and adaptation on the ground, making rigid bureaucratic distinctions counterproductive for implementing partners and affected communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"L&D responses must consciously address intersectional vulnerabilities and pre-existing power dynamics to avoid excluding the most marginalized, such as LGBTQIA+ people, who are often silenced or omitted from project targeting.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Poorly designed adaptation measures can lead to maladaptation that worsens L&D; for example, a poorly maintained sea wall in Guinea delayed the perception of risk before eventually breaking and displacing 5,000 people.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Migration support often overlooks 'trapped' populations—those who lack the financial resources or networks to relocate—who are frequently the most vulnerable and precarious.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Relocation efforts face significant hurdles regarding land procurement and non-economic losses, such as cultural ties to ancestral burial grounds, which may lead communities to refuse relocation despite high risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Small grants are effective for early action and capacity building but are often too small and short-term to provide necessary psychological support or ensure long-term project sustainability without a robust exit strategy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Trust-based partnerships that prioritize outcomes over rigid activity lists allow local partners to adapt to shifting needs and can help decolonize the relationship between funders and recipients.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Relying on existing trust-based partnerships to disseminate funds reduces reporting burdens and increases access but risks 'gatekeeping', where new organizations with high needs are shut out.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002733#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["loss and damage","climate finance","climate justice","climate change adaptation","climate migration","maladaptation","capacity building"],"geography_discussed":["Bangladesh","Malawi","Fiji","Guinea","Uganda"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["evaluation","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"sei-002734","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002734","title":"Navigating a just energy transition from coal in the Colombian Caribbean","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/sei2023.063-just-transition-coal-colombian-caribbean.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the challenges of transitioning away from thermal coal in Colombia's Caribbean region, highlighting the tension between national decarbonization goals and regional economic dependence. It identifies diverse visions of a 'just transition'—ranging from narrow workforce support to broad socio-ecological transformation—and analyzes the economic, environmental, and sociocultural barriers that hinder progress. Using the case of Prodeco's mine closures in Cesar, the paper illustrates the risks of unplanned transitions and the influence of political-economic elites in maintaining extractive models.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002734#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Colombia is a leading thermal coal exporter in Latin America, with extraction heavily concentrated in the departments of La Guajira and Cesar, creating significant regional vulnerabilities as the global energy transition progresses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002734#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There are conflicting visions of a 'just transition' in Colombia: the previous government focused narrowly on the labour force, while the current administration under President Petro promotes a broader roadmap based on equity, democratization, and binding social participation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002734#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Civil society organizations advocate for a 'socio-ecological transformation' that moves beyond replacing fossil fuels with renewables to address systemic crises, including human rights abuses and the 'corporate economic-political model'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002734#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Economic barriers to transition are severe at the subnational level, where coal revenues are critical; in 2019–20, coal represented nearly 43% of Cesar's and 61% of La Guajira's total incomes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002734#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental regulations for mine closures in Colombia are fragmented and insufficient, with financial guarantees for post-closure activities lasting only three years despite the potential for 'perpetual' environmental impacts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002734#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The suspension of Prodeco's mining operations in La Jagua de Ibirico, Cesar, serves as a case study for the 'three-pronged crisis' (social, environmental, and economic) caused by unplanned mine closures, leading to mass unemployment and decreased municipal revenue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002734#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Power asymmetries persist as political and economic elites maintain a 'political settlement' that favors extractive industries, often blurring private interests with public policy to ensure the continued flow of rents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002734#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mining companies have strategically adopted the language of 'just energy transition' and 'carbon neutrality' to justify continued extraction or to identify new business opportunities in decarbonization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002734#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["just transition","decarbonization","extractive industry","climate finance","environmental liability","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["La Jagua de Ibirico","Bogotá","Riohacha","La Paz"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["political economy analysis","case study","stakeholder analysis"]},{"id":"sei-002735","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002735","title":"Impacts and risks from climate change on trade infrastructure","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/sei2023.064-climate-trade-infrastructure.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the vulnerability of global trade infrastructure to climate change, highlighting that maritime, land-based, and air transport are all exposed to acute and slow-onset hazards. It identifies critical 'chokepoints' in global supply chains, particularly for food and raw materials, and notes that current adaptation efforts by governments and businesses are insufficient. The document argues for a systemic, global approach to climate-proofing trade infrastructure to prevent catastrophic economic losses and support the low-carbon transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002735#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Global trade is highly dependent on maritime chokepoints, with 55% of internationally traded maize, wheat, rice and soybeans passing through at least one such point. Disruptions at these hubs, including coastal and inland infrastructure in the US, Brazil and the Black Sea, can lead to supply shortages and price spikes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002735#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Maritime ports are significantly exposed to climate risks; an assessment of 1,340 ports found that 86% are exposed to more than three climate and other natural hazards, and 40% face extreme maritime conditions that disrupt operations. Ports in Japan, the US West Coast, Central America, New Zealand, Taiwan, and mainland China are particularly exposed to multiple hazards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002735#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Land-based transport infrastructure is vulnerable due to its fixed spatial coverage. A global assessment indicates that approximately 27% of all road and railway assets are exposed to at least one climatic or natural hazard, with 7.5% exposed to 1-in-100-year flood events. Japan and China face the highest exposure to multiple hazards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002735#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Air freight infrastructure faces risks from extreme temperatures and precipitation. High temperatures can damage tarmac and reduce aircraft lift, with 10% to 30% of annual flights departing during peak temperatures potentially requiring weight restrictions at 19 major airports. In Europe, two-thirds of coastal and low-lying airports are forecast to risk runway flooding by 2090.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002735#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is creating new trade opportunities while threatening existing ones; the Arctic Sea is expected to be ice-free before 2050, potentially reducing voyage lengths between Asia and Europe by up to 40% compared to the Suez Canal, though the route remains unpredictable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002735#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gap in adaptation readiness among businesses and governments. Only about 25% of companies have assessed climate risks to their supply chains, and only 20% have plans to implement adaptation measures. In the US, China, and Taiwan, only 11% of suppliers are fully prepared for weather-related disruptions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002735#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water transport","road transport","climate change adaptation","sea level rise","extreme weather event","climate finance","food security"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","Brazil","United States","Thailand","Europe","Canada","Japan","Taiwan","New Zealand","Germany","United Kingdom","France","Belgium","Netherlands","Myanmar","Slovakia","Austria","Slovenia","Norway"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["literature review","risk assessment"]},{"id":"sei-002736","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002736","title":"The future of marine multi-use: M4 (marine, multifunctional, mobile, and modular)","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/sei2023.066-marine-multi-use-wind-hydrogen.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the M4 framework for marine multi-use projects, identifying a global trend toward combining offshore wind with other technologies, most notably hydrogen production. A technoeconomic analysis of a potential floating wind farm off Scotland indicates that centralized offshore hydrogen production is the most cost-effective strategy. The report highlights that while technical barriers are low, commercialization is hindered by regulatory gaps and a lack of multi-use integration in Marine Spatial Plans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002736#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A review of 30 global M4 projects shows a growth trend since 2019, with 75% located in Europe. Most projects are in the concept or pilot testing phase, and the most common technology combination is offshore wind energy and hydrogen production, appearing in 11 projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002736#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technoeconomic analysis of a floating offshore wind farm off the coast of Scotland indicates that centralized offshore hydrogen production with pipeline transmission to shore is the most beneficial strategy. For a 2 GW wind farm, the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is estimated at 5.8 EUR/kg.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002736#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The LCOH for offshore hydrogen production is most sensitive to the assumed levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), as electricity is the primary cost driver over a 30-year project lifetime.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002736#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Industry stakeholders report that technical and economic barriers are not the primary obstacles; instead, the lack of an enabling regulatory environment and gaps in Marine Spatial Plans (MSPs) are major barriers to commercialization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002736#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To accelerate the adoption of M4 projects, the report recommends simplifying permitting procedures, providing economic incentives, and including marine multi-use as a non-price criterion when ranking bids for offshore wind projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002736#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["offshore wind power","aquaculture"],"geography_discussed":["Europe","Scotland","Belgium","Portugal","Spain","People's Republic of China","Denmark","Netherlands","Taiwan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["technoeconomic analysis","systematic review","stakeholder interviews"]},{"id":"sei-000647","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000647","title":"Partnership helps Estonian public sector assess, reduce carbon footprint","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-23","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/features/partnership-helps-estonian-public-sector-assess-reduce-carbon-footprint/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) collaborated with the Estonian government to create the country's first unified carbon footprint calculation methodology and emissions factor database. This tool allows public and private sector organizations to assess their environmental impact on a consistent basis, helping to avoid greenwashing and support EU environmental policy. Initial implementation in the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Interior has led to measurable reductions in carbon emissions, waste, and water consumption, with the Estonian government aiming to expand these assessments across all ministries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000647#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"SEI developed a first-of-its-kind emissions factor database and methodological approach for Estonia, enabling both public and private sector organizations to assess their environmental and carbon footprints using a uniform basis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000647#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The application of the assessment method by the Ministry of Defence resulted in a 26% reduction in its carbon footprint in 2021 compared to 2019, an 18% decrease in water consumption per person, and a 10% decrease in waste generation per person.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000647#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The unified methodology is designed to prevent greenwashing in reporting and assist organizations in complying with the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000647#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Interior have already used the tool to track electricity, heating, water, fuel, and waste, the Estonian government intends for all ministries to assess their footprints to determine the total impact of the public sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000647#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon footprint","environmental governance","waste management","greenwashing"],"geography_discussed":["European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"sei-001054","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001054","title":"Cascading Climate Risks","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-23","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/cascading-climate-risks/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The European Union lacks the preparation to manage cascading climate risks, where hazards in remote locations create knock-on effects that impact European societies and economies. The report emphasizes that with accelerating climate hazards over the next 10 to 15 years and insufficient adaptation, these impacts are inevitable. It proposes 21 strategic recommendations to move from individual understanding to systemic transformation, urging the EU to adopt a proactive rather than reactive approach to risk and resilience thinking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001054#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The European Union is currently unprepared to manage cascading climate risks, which occur when climate hazards in remote areas create knock-on effects that cross borders and systems to affect European economies and societies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001054#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Escalating cascading climate impacts are inevitable because climate hazards are expected to accelerate within the next 10 to 15 years while current adaptation efforts are inadequate.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001054#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report provides 21 strategic recommendations designed to integrate the consideration of cascading climate risks into policies and processes, spanning individual, institutional, and systemic levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001054#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","climate risk management","heat wave","flood","wildfire"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation"]},{"id":"sei-001439","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001439","title":"Keskkonnahoidlike kriteeriumide kasutamise võimalused haridusasutuste toitlustuse riigihangetes","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"guide","language":"et","date_published":"2023-11-23","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/keskkonnahoidlikud-kriteeriumid-haridusasutuste-toitlustushangetes-11-01-23.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines how to make school catering procurement more sustainable in Estonia, aligning with European Commission guidelines and the 'Farm to Fork' strategy. It provides specific technical descriptions and evaluation criteria across several key areas: organic food, low-climate-impact sourcing (short supply chains and seasonal produce), plant-based diets, waste reduction, eco-friendly cleaning supplies, energy and water efficiency, and food education. For each area, it suggests how to set minimum requirements in technical specifications and how to award additional points during the bid evaluation process to incentivize higher environmental standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001439#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"To ensure the availability of organic ingredients, procurement timelines must account for the production cycle; for example, information on required quantities should reach producers by spring for autumn delivery.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001439#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The guide recommends that educational institutions start by requiring the first level of the national catering eco-label, which signifies that over 20% to 50% of raw materials are organic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001439#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To reduce climate impact and CO2 emissions from transport, the document suggests setting a maximum production radius of 300 km for primary food products such as eggs, milk, meat, fruits, and vegetables.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001439#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To increase the share of plant-based food, the guide proposes three options: increasing vegetables in mixed dishes, implementing a weekly meat- and fish-free day for all students, or offering a daily plant-based alternative menu.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001439#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food waste can be reduced by allowing flexibility in menus, such as permitting the substitution of ingredients based on market availability or allowing a reduced selection of hot dishes during the final two hours of the school day.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001439#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental criteria for cleaning and consumables include requiring a percentage of products to meet EU Ecolabel standards and prioritizing reusable items over single-use plastics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001439#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The guide suggests that local governments can reduce the energy impact of catering by providing kitchens already equipped with energy-efficient appliances, which also lowers the barrier for smaller caterers to bid.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001439#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable procurement","organic agriculture","energy efficiency","water conservation","carbon dioxide emissions"],"geography_discussed":["European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["guide"]},{"id":"sei-000068","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000068","title":"Impact of Climate Change on Real Estate Valuation","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-20","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/impact-of-climate-change-on-real-estate-valuation/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines a systematic map designed to identify research themes regarding the impact of climate risks on real estate valuation. It distinguishes between physical risks, such as the increasing frequency and magnitude of natural disasters affecting buildings and infrastructure, and transitional risks, which include policy initiatives, technological disruptions, market pressures, and reputational issues arising from the shift toward a greener economy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000068#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change increases the frequency and magnitude of natural disasters, exposing real estate assets like buildings and infrastructure to physical climate risk.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000068#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transition to a greener economy creates transitional climate risks for real estate, manifesting as policy initiatives, technological disruptions, reputational issues, and market solutions that penalize non-compliance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000068#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is currently a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding how both physical and transitional risks influence the economic value of real estate assets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000068#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["natural disaster","infrastructure"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic map"]},{"id":"sei-000968","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000968","title":"Adaptation Finance Gap Update 2023","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-13","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/adaptation-finance-gap-update-2023/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Between 2017 and 2021, international public adaptation finance for developing countries stayed at or below US$25 billion annually, with a 15 per cent drop to US$21 billion in 2021. The report highlights a lower disbursement ratio for adaptation (66 per cent) compared to general development finance (98 per cent), citing barriers such as low grant-to-loan ratios and limited technical capacity. While grants are more prevalent for Least Developed Countries (52 per cent) and Small Island Developing States (67 per cent), less than 17 per cent of commitments targeted local communities. The document emphasizes that while domestic and private finance are vital, they cannot bridge the gap alone, particularly in low-income countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000968#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"International public adaptation finance for developing countries remained at or below US$25 billion per year from 2017 to 2021, which equates to roughly US$3 per person annually. In 2021, funding decreased by 15 per cent compared to 2020, falling to US$21 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000968#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The disbursement ratio for adaptation finance was 66 per cent between 2017 and 2021, significantly lower than the 98 per cent ratio for overall development finance. This gap is attributed to barriers including limited technical capacity of decision makers, low grant-to-loan ratios, misalignment with local government mandates, and a failure to account for local issues during project design.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000968#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial institutions prioritize grant-based funding for the most vulnerable nations; grants accounted for 52 per cent of adaptation finance for least developed countries (LDCs) and 67 per cent for Small island developing States (SIDS), compared to 26 per cent for non-LDCs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000968#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite the recognized importance of local agency, less than 17 per cent of finance commitments from 2017 to 2021 focused specifically on local communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000968#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Domestic expenditure and private finance are critical but insufficient on their own to close the adaptation finance gap, particularly in low-income countries, LDCs, and SIDS, where using domestic budgets also raises equity concerns.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000968#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["adaptation finace","climate finance","nature-based solutions","climate change adaptation","private investment"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["financial analysis","policy assessment"]},{"id":"sei-000515","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000515","title":"EU’s Critical Raw Materials Act: Sámi Rights Protection","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-10","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/perspectives/eus-critical-raw-materials-act-sami-rights-protection/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Stockholm Environment Institute warns that the EU Critical Raw Materials Act may exacerbate human rights breaches and 'green colonialism' in the Sámi homeland. While welcoming the inclusion of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and FPIC in the draft, the authors argue these are insufficient due to gaps in national legislation in Sweden and Finland, the potential for weak certification schemes, and the lack of resources for Sámi communities to engage with fast-tracked licensing. They propose an EU-level oversight mechanism, stricter certification standards requiring FPIC, and a funding mechanism to support affected rights-holders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000515#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The proposed EU Critical Raw Materials Act risks compounding existing human rights breaches and 'green colonialism' in the Sámi homeland, potentially failing its own goal of accelerating mineral extraction due to increased resistance from environmental and Sámi groups.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000515#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The draft act's reliance on Member State bureaucracies for consultation is flawed because national laws in Finland and Sweden lack effective provisions for Sámi rights in environmental licensing and mineral laws, rendering EU-level FPIC provisions potentially ineffective.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000515#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The act allows developers to use certification schemes to prove compliance, but these schemes currently lack explicit references to FPIC or Indigenous rights protections, creating a risk of a 'race to the bottom' in standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000515#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fast-tracked licensing processes under the act do not provide the time or financial resources necessary for the Sámi to meaningfully participate in decision-making, which is a critical factor in the protection of Indigenous rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000515#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To protect Sámi rights, the authors recommend three specific additions: an EU-level oversight mechanism for grievances, a requirement that recognized certification schemes adhere to FPIC, and a funding mechanism for affected rights-holders funded by mining companies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000515#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","mining","indigenous rights","Free, Prior and Informed Consent","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden","Finland","Norway","Kiruna"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","legal critique"]},{"id":"sei-000261","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000261","title":"Cumulative Impact Assessments and Sámi Indigenous Rights","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-09","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/cumulative-impact-assessments-and-sami-indigenous-rights/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that current impact assessment processes in Sweden and Finland fail to account for the cumulative effects of industrial land use, leading to violations of Sámi Indigenous rights. It emphasizes the necessity of treating Indigenous peoples as rights-holders rather than stakeholders and advocates for the implementation of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) supported by robust cumulative impact data to ensure a just green transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000261#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Current regulatory frameworks in Sweden and Finland are insufficient because they lack procedures for assessing cumulative effects, which prevents new project proposals from being properly evaluated against existing land uses and contributes to the violation of Sámi rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000261#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To protect Indigenous rights, governments and project proponents must treat Indigenous peoples as rights-holders rather than stakeholders, ensuring their right to give or withhold Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) based on adequate information regarding cumulative impacts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000261#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Traditional Sámi land usage is under pressure from the combined effects of multiple industrial activities, including mining, wind farms, hydro power, forestry, and infrastructure development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000261#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["indigenous rights","land use","Free, Prior and Informed Consent","forestry","mining","hydropower","just transition"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden","Finland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis"]},{"id":"sei-001092","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001092","title":"Informe sobre la Brecha de Producci\u0010n 2023","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2023-11-08","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/informe-brecha-produccion-2023/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The fourth edition of the Production Gap Report by the Stockholm Environment Institute highlights a significant discrepancy between national net-zero promises and actual fossil fuel production plans, projecting that production in 2030 will far exceed levels consistent with global warming limits of 1.5°C and 2°C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001092#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Despite 151 national governments pledging to reach net-zero emissions and projections indicating fossil fuel demand will peak this decade, collective production in 2030 is projected to be more than double the amount consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001092#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"According to the 2023 report, government plans for 2030 involve producing approximately 110% more fossil fuels than is consistent with a 1.5°C warming limit and 69% more than what would be consistent with a 2°C limit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001092#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Government projections indicate global increases in coal production until 2030, and in oil and gas production until at least 2050, widening the production gap over time. Profiles of 20 major producing countries show that most continue to provide significant financial and political support for fossil fuel production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001092#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel production","net-zero","1.5°c limit","2°c limit","production gap"],"geography_discussed":["Australia","Brazil","Canada","People's Republic of China","Colombia","Germany","India","Indonesia","Kazakhstan","Kuwait","Mexico","Nigeria","Norway","Qatar","Russia","Saudi Arabia","South Africa","United Arab Emirates","United Kingdom","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["projection","policy analysis"]}]}