{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["International Panel on the Information Environment"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":105,"relation":"eq"},"page":5,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=international-panel-on-the-information-environment&page=5","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=international-panel-on-the-information-environment&page=6","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"ipie-000044","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000044","title":"世界の情報環境 向上の戦略","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"ja","date_published":"2023-01","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aee77052e26695997ad1_SFP2023.1%20-%20JA.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document analyzes 4,798 peer-reviewed publications to determine which social media design interventions effectively reduce misinformation. It identifies a scientific consensus that content labeling and correction information are effective, while the impact of other strategies remains unproven. The report emphasizes the need for more diverse, multi-lingual research and standardized metrics to improve the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000044#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","meta-analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000045","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000045","title":"글로벌 정보 환경 개선을 위한 전략","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2023-01","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aeedf32c4fcae5f379f6_SFP2023.1%20-%20KO.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies content labeling and corrective information as the most scientifically validated methods for reducing the impact of misinformation on user perception. While other strategies like content management and media literacy are recognized as plausible, their effectiveness remains uncertain due to a lack of rigorous, standardized, and diverse empirical data. The authors call for more research in non-English languages and across more diverse geographic regions to improve the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000045#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is an emerging scientific consensus that content labels and corrective information are effective in reducing the impact of misinformation on user perception.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000045#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While other countermeasures such as content or account management and information/media literacy are approved as plausible interventions, their actual effectiveness is considered uncertain.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000045#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The current body of research is limited by a lack of diversity in language and geography, with a heavy reliance on English-language studies and Western contexts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000045#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gap between the number of studies proposing countermeasures and those providing measurable evidence of their impact; fewer than one-fifth of studies report measurable effects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000045#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To improve the global information environment, the report argues for the standardization of metrics and definitions, increased access to corporate social media data, and more research targeting non-English users and diverse countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000045#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","meta-analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000005","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000005","title":"Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/sr2023-1","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes 588 peer-reviewed publications to map countermeasures against digital misinformation. It identifies four primary strategies—corrective information, information and media literacy, content moderation, and content labeling—but finds a significant gap in empirical validation, as less than one-fifth of the reviewed studies report on the effectiveness of their proposed solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000005#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The review identified four primary countermeasures promoted by at least 10% of the analyzed publications: corrective information, information and media literacy, content or account moderation, and content labeling.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000005#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a substantial gap between the proposal and the empirical testing of countermeasures; while 52% of publications recommend a countermeasure linked to empirical research, only 18% actually report on its effectiveness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000005#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant portion of the research lacks specificity, with 44% of studies offering nonspecific solutions such as promoting a 'culture of humility' or building 'fake news awareness'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000005#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The effectiveness of content labeling is inconsistent across the literature; some studies suggest it reduces belief in misinformation, while others, including a randomized field experiment, found it did not significantly decrease the consumption of low-quality news.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000005#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Research on misinformation countermeasures is heavily skewed toward Western perspectives, particularly scholarship from the USA, with notable gaps in coverage for West Africa, Latin America, Central Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000005#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The choice of research methodology often influences the type of countermeasure proposed: content analysis tends to favor corrective information, survey-based studies promote media literacy, and experimental designs prominently feature content labeling.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000005#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["United States","People's Republic of China","Spain","Singapore","Caribbean","Central and Eastern Europe","Central Asia","Latin America","West Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review"]},{"id":"ipie-000009","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000009","title":"Strategies for Improving the Global Information Environment: Results from A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/sfp2023-1","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes 4,798 peer-reviewed papers to determine which interventions effectively mitigate digital misinformation. While many countermeasures are proposed, fewer than one-fifth report measurable impacts. Meta-analysis of 43 experiments confirms that content labels and corrective information are effective in reducing the effects of misinformation on user perceptions. The authors call for more standardized definitions, robust statistical reporting, and a shift in research focus beyond Western countries and the English language to improve the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000009#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a growing scientific consensus that two specific interventions—content labeling and the publication of corrective information materials—are effective in reducing the impact of misinformation on how users perceive information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000009#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant gap exists between the proposal of countermeasures and the empirical validation of their impact; of the studies that propose countermeasures, less than 20% report a measurable effect.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000009#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current research on misinformation is heavily skewed toward Western contexts and English-language publications, creating a need for more multilingual and cross-national studies to better understand the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000009#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The available body of research lacks methodological standardization, with only 18 of 588 empirical papers on countermeasures providing data that allows for the aggregation of knowledge through meta-analysis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000009#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","meta-analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000014","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000014","title":"2023 Expert Survey Results Synthesis Report 2023.3","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/sr2023-3","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report presents findings from a survey of 289 experts studying 54 countries, defining the information environment as the aggregate of physical, social, and digital surroundings influencing communication. Key findings highlight a consensus that the availability of accurate information is the most critical feature of a healthy environment, while social media platforms and politicians are viewed as the primary threats. The report notes significant disparities based on regime type: experts in democracies are more concerned with foreign interventions and climate misinformation, whereas those in autocracies emphasize threats from local governments and state-backed media. Over half of the experts predict the information environment will worsen in 2024, citing data access and funding as primary research barriers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000014#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information as the most critical element for a healthy information environment, with 62% ranking it in their top five and 21% ranking it first. Other highly valued features include diversity of voices (50%), information literacy/education (45%), and technical infrastructure reliability (39%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000014#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are perceived as the most significant threats to a healthy information environment across all governmental regimes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000014#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Perceptions of threats vary by regime type: experts studying liberal and electoral democracies view foreign governments as more threatening, while those studying closed and electoral autocracies identify local governments, state-backed media, and local newspapers as greater threats.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000014#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Concerns regarding misinformation topics are split by regime: experts in democracies are significantly more concerned about climate change and environmental misinformation, while those in autocracies find gendered misinformation more relevant.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000014#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most concerning topics of misinformation globally are inaccurate health information, election integrity, and broad conspiracy theories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000014#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The primary barriers to researching the global information environment are lack of access to data (72%) and insufficient funding (59%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000014#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is widespread pessimism regarding the near future, with over 50% of experts moderately or very confident that the information environment in their country of expertise will worsen in 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000014#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","digital divide"],"geography_discussed":["United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","cross-national study","comparative analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000015","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000015","title":"IPIE SUBMISSION TO THE DEVELOPING UN CODE OF CONDUCT FOR INFORMATION INTEGRITY ON DIGITAL PLATFORMS","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/tp-2023-1","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights"],"summary":{"text":"The IPIE submission offers scientific evidence and recommendations for nine principles of the UN Code of Conduct for Information Integrity on Digital Platforms, emphasizing the need for transparency, researcher data access, and the use of content labelling and corrective information to combat mis- and disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000015#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Scientific experts identified the most significant barriers to a healthy global information environment as the absence of accuracy and a lack of diverse voices, with secondary concerns including information literacy, digital infrastructure reliability, and media ownership.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000015#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IPIE identifies content labelling and the provision of corrective information as the two most effective methods for user empowerment and defining features of information integrity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000015#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical need for a shift in how digital platforms handle researcher access to data, moving from an \"access by request\" model to a \"disclosure by default\" approach to allow for the evaluation of information integrity and the impact of countermeasures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000015#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IPIE expresses concern over the adoption of AI-driven content moderation and the spread of mis- and disinformation via AI without sufficient transparency, empirical research, or auditing standards to prevent the infringement of fundamental rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000015#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document highlights a geographic and linguistic imbalance in current research, noting that the majority of sampled publications are in English and research participants are predominantly from the USA.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000015#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"ipie-000022","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000022","title":"Expert Survey on the Global Information Environment 2023: Lessons for Technology Policy and Design","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/sfp2023-2","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 IPIE Expert Survey identifies the availability of accurate information and diversity of voices as critical features of a healthy information environment. Experts across different political regimes consistently view social media platforms and politicians as the primary threats to this environment, with specific concerns regarding the lack of accountability for social media companies and the risks of poorly designed AI-powered content moderation. The report argues that improving the global information environment requires a shift in focus toward enhancing technical infrastructure and data accuracy over the development of new content moderation policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000022#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information and diversity of voices as the most critical elements for a healthy information environment. Specifically, 62% of the 289 respondents ranked the availability of accurate information among the top five most important elements, with 21% ranking it first. Other highly ranked elements include diversity of voices (50%), information literacy/education (45%), technical infrastructure or reliability (39%), diversity of media ownership (37%), and accountability (36%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000022#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are perceived as the most significant threats to a healthy information environment across all political regimes. In democracies, politicians were flagged by 31% of experts, while social media platforms were flagged by 33% of experts studying both democracies and autocracies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000022#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Perceptions of threats vary by regime type: experts studying closed and electoral autocracies view local governments (17% and 21% respectively) and state-backed media as greater threats than those studying democracies. Conversely, experts in electoral and liberal democracies view foreign governments as more threatening (6% and 7% respectively) than terrorist groups or local governments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000022#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant expert concern regarding the content moderation industry, specifically the inability to hold social media companies accountable (66% agreement) and the use of poorly designed AI-powered content moderation (55% agreement).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000022#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report concludes that enhancing technical infrastructure and the availability of accurate data has more potential to improve the global information environment than the current focus on creating new policies and content moderation measures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000022#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey"]},{"id":"ipie-000023","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000023","title":"Platform Responses to Misinformation: A Meta-Analysis of Data","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/sr2023-2","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes 43 studies from 18 manuscripts published between 2006 and 2022 to assess how digital platforms can combat misinformation. It finds that content labeling and corrective information both significantly improve users' ability to perceive the accuracy of information, though results vary by topic and design. The analysis highlights a heavy reliance on USA-based samples and a high level of heterogeneity in social science research, suggesting a need for more standardized measures and diverse geographic data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000023#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Content labeling is an effective countermeasure for improving users' perception of information credibility, trustworthiness, or accuracy, with an average effect size of Hedges’ g = 0.72.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000023#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Corrective information generally reduces misperception and improves the ability of users to identify the accuracy of information, with a pooled effect of g = 0.55.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000023#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The effectiveness of content labels is more consistent when they are presented as text accompanied by a warning sign and applied to political misinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000023#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Corrective materials that use factual elaboration, incorporating both text and images, are more effective than simple text-only rebuttals in helping users distinguish \"fake news\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000023#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The largest effects of corrective information were observed in studies debunking non-health and non-political misinformation, specifically regarding plants and climate change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000023#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Evidence regarding the effectiveness of information and media literacy content is currently inconclusive and suggests it may be less effective than labeling or corrective information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000023#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The meta-analysis is limited by a significant geographic bias, as the vast majority of the analyzed research was conducted in the USA.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000023#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a high level of heterogeneity across the analyzed studies, which is attributed to differences in study design, risk of bias, and varying definitions of countermeasures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000023#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Hong Kong"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["meta-analysis","systematic review"]},{"id":"ipie-000030","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000030","title":"Strategies for Improving the Global Information Environment","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/653f05e1786750c378ea4663_SFP2023.1%20-%20FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) analyzed 4,798 peer-reviewed publications to determine which design solutions mitigate misinformation. While a systematic review of 588 empirical articles endorsed four strategies, a meta-analysis of 43 experiments validated only two: content labeling and corrective information. The report highlights significant gaps in research, noting a lack of standardized definitions, insufficient data from technology firms, and a heavy bias toward English-language studies focused on Western countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000030#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is an emerging scientific consensus that content labels and corrective information are effective at reducing the impact of misinformation on user perceptions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000030#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While a systematic review endorsed four strategies—content labeling, corrective information, content or account moderation, and information & media literacy—only the first two were validated through meta-analysis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000030#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many proposed countermeasures remain plausible but have uncertain effects due to a lack of empirical evidence; less than 20% of studies proposing countermeasures report a measurable impact.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000030#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current research is heavily skewed toward English-language publications and Western contexts, failing to sufficiently address the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000030#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The ability to conduct robust research is hindered by a lack of standardized definitions for misinformation and insufficient access to real-world data from social media firms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000030#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","meta-analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000031","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000031","title":"Enquête d'experts sur l'environnement mondial de l'information 2023","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"fr","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aab9dd476f80b9efaa57_SFP2023.2%20-%20FR.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 IPIE expert survey of 289 researchers reveals that information accuracy and diversity of voices are the most critical features of a healthy information environment. Social media platforms and politicians are identified as the primary threats globally, though specific concerns vary by regime type: experts in autocracies highlight national governments and state-backed media, while those in democracies emphasize foreign interference and climate science misinformation. A significant majority of researchers (72%) cite the lack of platform data access as the main barrier to understanding the information environment, and 54% predict further degradation of the environment in 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000031#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information and a diversity of voices as the most essential characteristics of a healthy information environment. Specifically, 62% of respondents ranked the availability of accurate information among the top five elements for ensuring safe interaction between individuals and information, with 21% ranking it first, and 50% identified diversity of voices as an essential feature.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000031#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are perceived as the most significant threats to a healthy global information environment across all regime types. Approximately 33% of experts across all regimes identified social media platforms as a top threat, while 31% of experts studying democracies specifically highlighted politicians.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000031#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Perceptions of information threats differ based on the political regime of the country under study. Experts focusing on autocracies identify national governments, state-backed media, and local news outlets as primary threats, whereas experts focusing on democracies are more concerned with foreign interference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000031#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a divergence in the types of disinformation that concern experts depending on the regime they study: those studying autocracies are concerned with gender-related disinformation, while those studying democracies are more concerned with disinformation regarding the environment and climate science.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000031#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Experts identify significant failures in content moderation, primarily attributing these to a lack of accountability for social media companies (66%) and the use of poorly designed AI-driven moderation systems (55%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000031#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The primary obstacle to improving the understanding of the global information environment is the lack of access to data from platforms, as stated by 72% of the international research community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000031#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of experts (54%) believe the information environment in their area of expertise will deteriorate in 2024, while only 12% believe it will improve.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000031#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","digital divide"],"geography_discussed":["United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey"]},{"id":"ipie-000032","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000032","title":"Encuesta de 2023 a expertos sobre el entorno global de la información","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"es","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aabd4112006d552e5f07_SFP2023.2%20-%20ES.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 expert survey by the International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) highlights a global consensus on the necessity of accurate information and diversity of voices for a healthy information environment. Experts identify social media platforms and politicians as primary threats, with specific concerns regarding the lack of accountability for platform owners and the inadequacy of AI-driven content moderation. The report notes a divergence in perceived threats based on regime type: experts in autocracies emphasize threats from national governments and state-supported media, while those studying democracies are more concerned with foreign interference and climate science misinformation. A significant majority of researchers (72%) cite the lack of access to platform data as the primary barrier to improving the understanding of the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information and a diversity of voices as the most critical characteristics of a healthy information environment, with 66% prioritizing accuracy and 50% valuing diversity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are perceived as the most significant threats to a healthy global information environment across all regime types, cited by 33% and 31% of experts respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a distinct difference in perceived threats based on the political regime: experts studying autocracies highlight national governments and state-supported media, whereas those studying democracies focus on foreign interference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific types of misinformation are prioritized differently by regime: experts in autocracies are concerned with gender-related misinformation, while those in democracies are most concerned with misinformation regarding climate science.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Content moderation is viewed as problematic, specifically regarding the inability to hold social media companies accountable (66%) and the failure of AI-designed moderation systems (55%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The primary obstacle to advancing the understanding of the global information environment is the lack of access to data from platforms, as stated by 72% of the international research community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of experts (54%) predict that the information environment in their specific countries of expertise will worsen in 2024, with only 12% expecting improvement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","digital divide"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","cross-national analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000033","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000033","title":"Опрос экспертов о глобальной информационной среде, 2023 г.","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"ru","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aac431f6f4a6fedbc485_SFP2023.2%20-%20RU.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 IPIE expert survey of 289 researchers reveals that while reliable information and diversity of opinion are seen as hallmarks of a healthy information environment, social media platforms and political actors are viewed as primary threats across different governance regimes. Experts highlight significant failures in AI-driven content moderation and a critical lack of platform data access for researchers. The report notes a divergence in perceived threats: those studying autocracies emphasize national governments and state media, while those studying democracies are more concerned with foreign interference and climate-related disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000033#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of reliable information and a diversity of opinions as the most critical characteristics of a healthy information environment, with 66% prioritizing reliable information and 50% prioritizing diversity of opinion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000033#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and political actors are regarded as the most significant threats to the global information environment across all types of political regimes. Specifically, 33% of experts across all regimes cited social media platforms, and 31% of experts studying democratic countries cited politicians.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000033#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a distinct difference in perceived threats based on the regime type: experts studying autocracies view local authorities and state-supported media as primary threats, whereas those studying democracies are more concerned with foreign interference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000033#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Disinformation priorities vary by regime; experts focusing on democracies are most concerned with disinformation regarding climatology and ecology, while those focusing on autocracies are concerned with gender-related disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000033#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Content moderation is viewed as highly problematic, with 66% of experts citing the lack of accountability for social media operators and 55% criticizing poorly designed AI-based moderation systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000033#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant majority of the international research community (72%) identifies the lack of access to platform data as the primary obstacle to improving knowledge about the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000033#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The outlook for the information environment is generally pessimistic, with 54% of experts predicting it will worsen in 2024, while only 12% believe it will improve.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000033#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","digital divide"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","comparative analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000034","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000034","title":"استطلاع آراء الخبراء حول البیئة المعلوماتیة العالمیة لعام 2023","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"ar","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aaccbc4b457d7091bf61_SFP2023.2%20-%20AR.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 IPIE expert survey of 289 researchers across 54 countries identifies the availability of accurate information and diversity of opinion as critical for a healthy information environment. The report highlights social media platforms and politicians as primary threats, while noting that experts in authoritarian regimes fear domestic governments more than those in democracies, who are more concerned with foreign interference. A significant majority of researchers cite the lack of access to platform data as the main obstacle to improving the understanding of the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000034#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information and a diversity of perspectives as the most vital characteristics of a healthy information environment, with 66% citing accurate information and 50% citing diversity of opinion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000034#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are viewed as the most significant threats to a healthy global information environment across all types of governance systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000034#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a divergence in perceived threats based on the political system: experts studying democracies are more concerned about foreign interference, while those studying authoritarian regimes view domestic governments, state-backed media, and local media as more dangerous.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000034#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Concerns regarding content moderation are primarily driven by a lack of accountability for social media companies (66%) and poorly designed AI-powered content management systems (55%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000034#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The primary barrier to improving the global understanding of the information environment is the inability to access platform data, as reported by 72% of the international research community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000034#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of experts (54%) believe the information environment in their areas of expertise will worsen in 2024, while only 12% believe it will improve.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000034#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","digital divide"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","comparative analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000035","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000035","title":"Befragung von Expert*innen zur globalen Informationslandschaft 2023","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"de","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aad08f99234fc03c570a_SFP2023.2%20-%20DE.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 IPIE expert survey identifies the availability of reliable information and diversity of voices as critical for a healthy information landscape. Social media platforms and politicians are viewed as primary threats across all government types, though specific concerns vary: experts on autocracies highlight state-led manipulation, while those focusing on democracies emphasize foreign interference and climate misinformation. A significant majority of researchers cite the lack of access to platform data as the primary obstacle to understanding the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000035#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of reliable information and a diversity of voices as the most critical elements of a healthy information landscape, with 66% prioritizing reliable information and 50% prioritizing voice diversity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000035#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are perceived as the most significant threats to a healthy global information landscape across all forms of government, each cited by approximately one-third of experts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000035#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Threat perceptions differ by regime type: experts focusing on autocracies identify national governments, state-sponsored media, and local news agencies as primary threats, whereas those focusing on democracies are more concerned with foreign interference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000035#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The nature of misinformation concerns also varies by regime focus, with autocracy experts concerned about gender-related misinformation and democracy experts concerned about climate research and environmental protection misinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000035#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Content moderation is plagued by a lack of corporate accountability (66% of experts) and poorly designed AI-based systems (55%), while human moderator training is seen as a lesser issue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000035#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The primary barrier to understanding the global information landscape is the lack of access to platform data, cited by 72% of the international research community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000035#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of experts (54%) predict the information landscape in their focus countries will deteriorate in 2024, with only 12% expecting improvement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000035#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","environmental protection","digital divide"],"geography_discussed":["United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","meta-analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000036","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000036","title":"Inquérito de especialistas sobre o ambiente global da informação 2023","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"pt","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aae4134c5c08c079bd4b_SFP2023.2%20-%20PT.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 IPIE expert survey identifies the availability of accurate information and diversity of voices as critical for a healthy information environment. Social media platforms and politicians are cited as the primary threats globally, with specific divergences between autocracies (focused on government control) and democracies (concerned with foreign interference). A majority of experts believe the information environment will worsen in 2024, citing a lack of platform data access as a major research barrier.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information and a diversity of voices as the most critical components of a healthy information environment. Specifically, 66% of experts view correct information as the most important characteristic, and 50% consider the diversity of voices to be fundamental.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are regarded as the most significant threats to a healthy global information environment. One-third (33%) of experts across all regime types identified social media platforms as a top threat, while 31% of those studying democracies highlighted politicians.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a distinct difference in perceived threats based on the political regime of the studied country. Experts focusing on autocracies emphasize threats from national governments, state-supported media, and local newspapers, whereas those studying democracies are more concerned with foreign interference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Concerns regarding misinformation vary by regime: experts studying autocracies are concerned with misinformation regarding gender issues, while those studying democracies are more concerned with misinformation related to the environment and climate science.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Experts identify significant failures in content moderation, primarily attributing these to a lack of accountability for social media companies (66%) and the use of poorly developed AI-driven moderation systems (55%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The international research community faces a major obstacle in understanding the global information environment due to a lack of access to platform data, a concern shared by 72% of respondents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The outlook for the global information environment is generally pessimistic, with 54% of experts believing the situation in their countries of specialization will deteriorate in 2024, while only 12% expect improvement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","cross-national analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000037","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000037","title":"Utafiti wa Wataalamu kuhusu Mazingira ya Taarifa za Kimataifa 2023","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"sw","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aae8e7d1a2bc1fda125d_SFP2023.2%20-%20SW.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The IPIE 2023 expert survey of 289 researchers reveals that accurate information and diversity of voices are the most critical elements of a healthy information environment. Social media platforms and politicians are identified as the primary threats globally, though specific concerns vary by regime type: experts in autocracies highlight state-led media and local governments, while those in democracies emphasize foreign interference and climate misinformation. A significant majority of researchers (72%) cite a lack of system data access as a major barrier to understanding the global information environment, and 54% predict the situation will worsen in 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000037#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify access to accurate information and a diversity of voices as the most essential components of a healthy information environment, with 66% highlighting accurate information and 50% valuing diversity of voices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000037#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are viewed as the most significant threats to the global information environment across all regime types, with 33% of experts identifying social media and 31% identifying politicians as top threats in democratic countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000037#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Threat perceptions differ by political regime: experts studying autocracies identify national governments, state-supported media, and local government news agencies as primary threats, whereas those studying democracies are more concerned with foreign interference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000037#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a divergence in the types of misinformation that concern experts based on the regime they study; those in autocracies worry about gender-related misinformation, while those in democracies are more concerned with misinformation regarding climate science and the environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000037#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant concerns exist regarding content moderation, specifically the inability to hold social media companies accountable (66%) and poorly designed AI-driven content moderation systems (55%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000037#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A lack of access to system data is a major obstacle for the global research community, cited by 72% of experts as a significant barrier to improving the understanding of the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000037#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The majority of experts (54%) believe the information environment in their professional countries of study will deteriorate in 2024, while only 12% believe it will improve.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000037#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","digital divide"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey"]},{"id":"ipie-000039","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000039","title":"Stratégies pour améliorer l'environnement mondial de l'information","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"fr","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aed47052e266959973f8_SFP2023.1%20-%20FR.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a growing scientific consensus that content labeling and corrective information are effective at reducing the impact of disinformation on user perceptions. While other strategies like content moderation and media literacy are plausible, their effectiveness remains uncertain. The document emphasizes a critical need for more transnational, multilingual research and standardized metrics to improve the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000039#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is an emerging scientific consensus that two specific design solutions—content labeling and the publication of corrective information—are effective in reducing the effects of disinformation on user perceptions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000039#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While several other countermeasures are considered plausible, their actual effectiveness is not unanimously agreed upon or remains uncertain. These include content or account moderation, information and media literacy, advertising policy changes, content reporting, user content sharing limits, disclosure, redirection, security/verification requirements, and self-fact-checking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000039#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current research on disinformation countermeasures is heavily skewed toward English-language publications and Western countries, leaving a gap in knowledge regarding users in other languages and regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000039#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The scientific community lacks standardized definitions and metrics for disinformation, and there is a shortage of empirical studies using real-world data that allow for the aggregation of knowledge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000039#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The analysis was based on a vast collection of 4,798 peer-reviewed publications, though only 588 met the criteria for the systematic review, and only 18 publications (containing 43 experiments) met the high standards required for the meta-analysis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000039#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","meta-analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000040","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000040","title":"Estrategias para mejorar el entorno global de la información","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"es","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aed8717abee5293734d1_SFP2023.1%20-%20ES.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights"],"summary":{"text":"The document synthesizes research from 4,798 peer-reviewed publications to identify effective countermeasures against misinformation. It highlights a scientific consensus on the efficacy of content labels and corrective information, while noting that many other plausible interventions remain unvalidated due to a lack of rigorous empirical data and standardized definitions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000040#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A scientific consensus is emerging that content labels and corrective information are effective tools for reducing the impact of misinformation on user perceptions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000040#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While several other response measures are considered plausible, their effectiveness remains undetermined or lacks sufficient scientific consensus. These include content or account moderation, media literacy, advertising policies, content reporting, distribution controls, user communication, redirection, security verification, and data self-checking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000040#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The current body of research is limited by a lack of empirical evidence; out of 4,798 peer-reviewed publications, only 588 were empirical studies on response measures, and only 18 provided data suitable for knowledge aggregation in a meta-analysis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000040#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant geographic and linguistic bias in the available research, with a disproportionate focus on Western countries and English-language publications, necessitating more cross-border and multilingual research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000040#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Improving the global information environment requires systemic changes in research, including better access to corporate social media data, the standardization of measures and definitions, and more robust statistical testing to allow for generalizable findings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000040#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"ipie-000041","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000041","title":"Стратегии улучшения глобальной информационной среды","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"ru","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aedc5b72fd519b8909a6_SFP2023.1%20-%20RU.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The IPIE analyzed 4,798 peer-reviewed publications to evaluate strategies for improving the global information environment. A scientific consensus has emerged that content labeling and corrective information are effective in reducing the influence of disinformation on user opinions. While other strategies like content moderation and media literacy are discussed, their effectiveness remains uncertain due to a lack of empirical data and standardized metrics. The report emphasizes the need for more diverse, multi-lingual research and better access to real-world data from tech companies to improve policy development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000041#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a growing scientific consensus that two specific interventions—content labeling and the publication of corrective information—are effective in reducing the impact of disinformation on the formation of user opinions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000041#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While other countermeasures such as content moderation, information and media literacy, and redirection are identified as potential strategies, there is no unified scientific opinion on their effectiveness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000041#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The current body of research is limited by a lack of diversity in geography and language, with a disproportionate focus on English-language publications and a few Western countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000041#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","meta-analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000042","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000042","title":"استراتیجیات تحسین البیئة المعلوماتیة العالمیة","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"ar","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aee1f32c4fcae5f37547_SFP2023.1%20-%20AR.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document synthesizes evidence from 4,798 peer-reviewed publications to evaluate strategies for improving the global information environment. It identifies a growing scientific consensus that content labeling and corrective information are effective in reducing the impact of misinformation on user perceptions. While other interventions—such as content moderation, media literacy, and advertising policy changes—are considered reasonable, the report notes that evidence for their effectiveness is less certain. The analysis highlights significant gaps in current research, specifically the over-reliance on English-language studies and Western contexts, and calls for more standardized definitions, better data access from tech companies, and cross-national, multilingual research to better inform policy interventions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000042#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is an emerging scientific consensus that content labels and corrective information are effective tools for mitigating the impact of misinformation on social media users' perceptions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000042#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While several other countermeasures are deemed reasonable, there is significantly less scientific consensus regarding their actual effectiveness. These include content or account moderation, media and information literacy, advertising policy adjustments, content reporting changes, limiting user sharing, disclosure, redirection, security/verification requirements, and self-fact-checking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000042#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The current body of research is heavily skewed toward English-language publications and Western countries, failing to provide sufficient insight into the problem in other global regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000042#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","meta-analysis"]}]}