{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["Institute for Strategic Dialogue"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":166,"relation":"eq"},"page":5,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=institute-for-strategic-dialogue&page=5","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=institute-for-strategic-dialogue&page=6","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"isdglo-000100","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000100","title":"In the blind spot – Right-wing extremists on alternative and established platforms","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ISD-Im_Toten_Winkel_3-EN-v3-digitial.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details how right-wing extremists in Germany employ a multi-platform strategy, combining mainstream sites like Facebook and X with alternative, decentralized platforms to avoid regulation and reach wider audiences. It highlights the use of 'fear speech' and 'everyday' topics to attract new sympathizers, the diversification of financing through cryptocurrencies and digital memberships, and the challenges of monitoring visual content on TikTok. The document also discusses the impact of the European Digital Services Act (DSA) and the necessity of a holistic approach involving research, regulation, and deradicalization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000100#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Right-wing extremist online ecosystems utilize a multi-platform strategy where alternative platforms are used as complementary options rather than just second-choice alternatives to mainstream sites like Facebook, YouTube, Telegram, and X.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000100#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Far-right actors employ 'fear speech' during crises—such as the COVID-19 pandemic, migration, and the energy crisis—to emotionally engage supporters and increase the perceived intensity of threats.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000100#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To reach a broader public beyond the 'hard core', extremists use a two-pronged approach that combines conspiracist narratives with 'softer', non-political 'everyday' topics, such as parenting and rural lifestyles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000100#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financing for right-wing extremists has diversified into 'new school' digital methods, including selling premium YouTube memberships (up to €29.90 per month), using cryptocurrency wallets, and leveraging livestream sites like DLive.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000100#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"TikTok is used extensively for both internal and external mobilization, often combining extremist content with pop-culture elements to trivialize the ideology and make it accessible to younger audiences.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000100#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) offer far-right extremists new ways to avoid surveillance and implement campaigns of influence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000100#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The European Digital Services Act (DSA) is viewed as a welcome framework, particularly its mandatory risk assessments for 'very large online platforms' (VLOPs), though its effectiveness depends on the implementation of a clear national framework in Germany and access to research data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000100#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["blockchain"],"geography_discussed":["Saxony","Leisnig","United Kingdom","Austria"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["conference report","strategic analysis","policy assessment"]},{"id":"isdglo-000116","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000116","title":"Misogynie als Vektor der Radikalisierung","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"de","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Misogynie-als-Vektor-der-Radikalisierung_Empfohlene-Masnahmen-fur-Plattformen-zur-Erkennung-und-Eindammung-von-geschlechtsspezifischer-Online-Gewalt.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the link between misogyny and violent extremist ideologies, arguing that OGBV serves as an ideological gateway to radicalization. It evaluates the failures of current platform community guidelines and algorithmic systems in addressing gendered violence and proposes a 'Safety and Privacy by Design' approach, improved API access for researchers, and standardized transparency reporting to combat these systemic risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Misogyny acts as an ideological link and a vector for various forms of violent extremism, including right-wing extremism and Islamist extremism, by enforcing patriarchal gender norms and hierarchies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Manosphere'—a network of misogynistic communities including Incels, Men's Rights Activists (MRAs), and MGTOW—promotes male supremacy and often overlaps with white supremacy and other far-right ideologies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Online gender-based violence (OGBV) exists on a continuum that can lead to severe offline harms, including domestic violence, physical attacks on journalists, and terrorism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current platform community guidelines and enforcement are insufficient; many platforms fail to address gendered disinformation or allow content that normalizes gender-based violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Platform design, specifically 'dark patterns' and engagement-based ranking algorithms, can amplify misogynistic content and limit the agency of victims to report coordinated harassment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"AI-based moderation tools, such as Google's Perspective API, may lack social context and can incorrectly flag LGBTQ+ language as toxic while failing to detect nuanced misogyny.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report recommends that platforms provide researchers with secure, real-time API access to public data to better understand the link between misogyny and violent extremism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Platforms should implement standardized transparency reports with gender-disaggregated data to allow for intersectional analysis of hate speech and policy enforcement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A 'Safety and Privacy by Design' approach is proposed, incorporating trauma-informed perspectives to empower users through proactive filters, better documentation tools, and escalating penalties for offenders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Cross-platform cooperation is essential because harassment campaigns are often coordinated across multiple services, including 'alternative' platforms like Telegram, which the report identifies as having the laxest guidelines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000116#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Australia","Germany","United Kingdom","Canada","New Zealand","United States","European Union","Slovakia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","risk assessment","sociological analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000117","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000117","title":"Misogynistic Pathways to Radicalisation: Recommended Measures for Platforms to Assess and Mitigate Online Gender-Based Violence","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Misogynistic-Pathways-to-Radicalisation-Recommended-Measures-for-Platforms-to-Assess-and-Mitigate-Online-Gender-Based-Violence.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines online gender-based violence (OGBV) as part of a continuum of violence that links misogyny to various extremist ideologies, including far-right and Islamist extremism. It argues that platforms often exacerbate these risks through engagement-based algorithmic ranking and inadequate content moderation. To counter this, the author recommends that platforms provide vetted researchers with API access, implement gender-disaggregated transparency reporting, adopt victim-survivor-centred 'Safety by Design' principles, and enhance cross-platform cooperation to track perpetrators and coordinated harassment campaigns.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Misogyny serves as an ideological link and a vector across diverse extremist ideologies, including far-right and Islamist groups, where it often manifests as the imposition of patriarchal gender roles and hierarchies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Online gender-based violence (OGBV) is part of a continuum of violence where digital attacks can fuel offline violence, and offline abuse by prominent figures can trigger online 'pile-ons'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Platform design, specifically engagement-based ranking, risks creating a 'gravitation' toward borderline content, which can amplify the visibility of misogynistic content and abusive hashtags.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There are significant gaps in platform policy and enforcement; for example, no reviewed platforms explicitly address gendered or sexualised mis- and disinformation, and Telegram is noted for having particularly lax policies regarding hate speech and doxing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"OGBV has severe micro-level impacts, including psychological trauma and PTSD, and macro-level impacts, such as a 'chilling effect' that discourages women and LGBTQ+ people from participating in public life, politics, and journalism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"AI-based content moderation tools, such as Google's Perspective API, may struggle with social context, sometimes scoring LGBTQ+ speech as more 'toxic' than white nationalist content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report recommends that platforms enable real-time, searchable API access for vetted interdisciplinary researchers to study the links between online misogyny and radicalisation pathways.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Platforms should implement gender-disaggregated transparency reporting and standardised metrics to allow for the tracking of hate speech violations based on gender and intersecting characteristics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A 'Safety and Privacy by Design' approach is recommended, incorporating proactive tools (like content filters), reactive tools (like bulk reporting), and accountability measures (like escalating penalties).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Cross-platform cooperation is essential because harassment campaigns are often coordinated on one platform and executed across others; existing protocols like the Christchurch Call should adapt their scope to include OGBV.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000117#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Australia","Canada","Germany","New Zealand","United Kingdom","United States","Slovakia","Bratislava","Atlanta","Georgia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","risk assessment","trend analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000121","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000121","title":"Neue Plattformen und Technologien","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"de","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Neue-Plattformen-und-Technologien_Ein-Uberblick-zur-aktuellen-Bedrohungslage-und-ihrer-politischen-Implikationen.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines how 'decentralized', 'generative', and 'immersive' technologies are being exploited by malicious actors to spread hate and disinformation. It highlights the role of the Fediverse and Web3 platforms like Odysee in creating extremist echo chambers, the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate persuasive misinformation and toxic content, and the potential for Extended Reality (XR) to enable severe emotional manipulation and virtual crimes. The authors argue for updated regulatory frameworks, including the EU AI Act and Digital Services Act, and emphasize the need for international coordination, safety-by-design, and new taxonomies for virtual harms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000121#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Decentralized social web platforms, such as PeerTube and Odysee, provide a conducive environment for right-wing extremists and conspiracy theorists to spread harmful content and avoid moderation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000121#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Fediverse lacks a central authority, making it practically impossible to completely remove the most harmful content from the network and complicating the enforcement of the 'right to be forgotten' under GDPR.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000121#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Web3 platforms like Odysee use gamification and cryptocurrency rewards to monetize the spread of hate and conspiracy theories, such as 'QAnon' and 'The Great Reset'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000121#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Large Language Models (LLMs) can exhibit inherent toxicity and stereotypes, such as associating Muslims with violence, and can generate persuasive misinformation even when given harmless prompts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000121#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Advanced actors may use LLMs to automate and scale information manipulation by generating realistic deepfakes and creating personalized, tailored disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000121#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extended Reality (XR) and the Metaverse may intensify emotional manipulation and enable new forms of harm, including virtual sexual violence and the reproduction of extremist environments like virtual caliphates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000121#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The immersive nature of XR could lead to psychological desensitization toward violence, particularly in adolescents, which may contribute to real-world violent behavior.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000121#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regulators face significant challenges in the Metaverse regarding the collection of evidence and the determination of jurisdiction due to the ephemeral nature of virtual experiences and the use of NFTs for access.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000121#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","blockchain"],"geography_discussed":["Australia","Germany","New Zealand","United Kingdom","Slovakia","United States","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["threat assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000125","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000125","title":"On Odysee: The Role of Blockchain Technology for Monetisation in the Far-Right Online Milieu","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/On-Odysee_The-Role-of-Blockchain-Technology-for-Monetisation-in-the-Far-Right-Online-Milieu.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines Odysee, a video-hosting platform built on the LBRY protocol, as a case study for how blockchain technology enables the monetisation of far-right and conspiracy-related content. It identifies specific 'incentivised' affordances—such as LBRY Credits (LBC), rewards for activity, and tipping—that attract actors who have been demonetised on mainstream platforms. Through qualitative and financial analysis, the study finds that while the platform is not exclusively far-right, it serves as a 'safe haven' where established extreme-right figures can maintain their reach and generate income, though earnings are highly volatile due to the fluctuating price of LBC. The report argues that Odysee's claim of being 'censorship-resistant' is a fallacy, as the operators use geoblocking and delisting to manage content, and suggests that regulatory frameworks like the EU Digital Services Act should account for the specific risks of 'incentivised' business models and gamification.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Odysee uses an 'incentivised' model where users are rewarded with LBRY Credits (LBC) for activities such as publishing, liking, and sharing posts, which attracts far-right extremists and conspiracy theorists who are often banned from mainstream platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The platform's search algorithm is influenced by the amount of LBRY Credits a user stakes when uploading a video, meaning higher financial investment can lead to higher search rankings regardless of relevance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial analysis of 53 accounts from the conspiracy theorist and radical right to extreme-right spectrum showed total earnings of approximately 122,306 USD over a 16-month period, based on an average LBC price of 0.074 USD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Earnings on Odysee are highly volatile and dependent on the market price of LBC; for example, the total balance of the 53 investigated accounts was worth 7,578.19 USD on 13 April 2022, but dropped to 3,839.48 USD by 13 May 2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most financially successful channels on Odysee are typically those run by creators who were already prominent in the extreme-right or conspiracy milieu before joining the platform, using it as a back-up or multi-platform strategy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Content focusing on current political issues generally receives more financial support than 'classic' extreme-right topics, such as historical revisionism regarding the First or Second World War.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite marketing itself as 'censorship-resistant', Odysee employs geoblocking and delisting to make content unavailable in specific regions, such as Germany, though some illegal content like Holocaust denial and footage of the Buffalo shooter remains accessible.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Odysee's reporting process is described as laborious and potentially intimidating, as the platform often requests that users provide specific legal citations and translations to justify a report.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report suggests that Odysee may be in violation of Germany's Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) by failing to name a legal representative in the country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000125#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["United States","European Union","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","qualitative content analysis","financial analysis","affordance analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000132","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000132","title":"Policy Approaches to Addressing Data Access Challenges in the Evolving Online Ecosystem","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Policy-Approaches-to-Addressing-Data-Access-Challenges-in-the-Evolving-Online-Ecosystem.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document identifies technological, ethical, legal, and fragmentation barriers that inhibit public interest research on smaller and medium-sized platforms. It argues that current regulatory frameworks, such as the EU's Digital Services Act, primarily target very large platforms, leaving a gap in oversight for smaller platforms that may still pose significant risks. The author provides recommendations for platforms to standardize data access, for policy-makers to introduce legal 'safe harbours' for researchers, and for the research community to collaborate on tools and ethical frameworks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000132#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Researchers face three primary categories of barriers when studying harmful online activity: technological (e.g., encryption, blockchain), ethical/legal (e.g., privacy expectations, Terms of Service), and fragmentation (e.g., content that is public but not systematically searchable via API).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000132#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Case studies of Telegram, Discord, and Odysee show that these barriers often overlap, forcing researchers to make trade-offs between systematic evidence collection and the avoidance of legal or ethical risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000132#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EU's Digital Services Act (DSA) requires 'very large online platforms' (VLOPs) with 45 million or more monthly active users to provide real-time data access, but this threshold likely excludes the smaller and medium-sized platforms that are increasingly used by extremist actors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000132#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proposed US legislation, including the Platform Transparency and Accountability Act (PATA), the Digital Services Oversight and Safety Act (DSOSA), and the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA), generally use user thresholds that would exclude many small platforms, though some may capture medium-sized ones like Telegram or Discord.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000132#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The UK's Online Safety Bill (OSB) lacks clear, enforceable data access requirements for researchers, though its broader definition of in-scope services based on risk and functionality rather than strict user numbers offers potential future flexibility.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000132#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Australia, the Online Safety Act provides the eSafety Commissioner with powers to issue transparency notices, but it lacks broader mechanisms to increase data access for independent research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000132#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Platforms may deliberately use legal or ethical concerns, such as data protection or user privacy, to justify restricting researcher access even when users have consented to data sharing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000132#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The lack of consistent standards for data access can lead researchers to use deceptive methods or third-party tools that violate Terms of Service, which in turn disincentivizes the publication of work and harms the replicability of research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000132#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["France"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","case study","stakeholder consultation"]},{"id":"isdglo-000143","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000143","title":"Researching the Evolving Online Ecosystem: Telegram, Discord and Odysee","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Researching-the-Evolving-Online-Ecosystem_Telegram-Discord-Odysee.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies significant obstacles to conducting public interest research on platforms like Telegram, Discord, and Odysee, noting that technological choices, unclear Terms of Service (TOS), and the designation of large groups as 'private' inhibit the systematic monitoring of extremist activity. Through case studies, the authors found that German-language far-right groups on Telegram, English-language religious extremists on Discord, and French-language neo-fascists on Odysee use these platforms to spread hate speech, anti-democratic ideologies, and calls for violence. The report argues that current regulatory frameworks, such as the EU's Digital Services Act, often rely on user-base thresholds that exclude these medium- and small-sized platforms, leaving a gap in oversight and research access.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000143#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Researchers face interconnected technological, ethical, legal, and fragmentation barriers that make it difficult to conduct digital research that is simultaneously systematic, ethical, and legal. For instance, legal risks associated with breaking platform Terms of Service (TOS) can prevent researchers from using systematic search methods to overcome fragmentation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000143#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"On Telegram, the ability for admins to designate groups and channels as 'private' regardless of size creates a loophole for avoiding content moderation and hinders systematic research. Some of these 'private' spaces have thousands of members and are used for harmful activities, including coordinating offline mobilisation and calls for violence against German politicians.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000143#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Discord presents significant fragmentation and legal barriers; its API only allows data collection on a server-by-server basis, and its TOS prohibit the bulk collection of user data (scraping). Ethnographic research is further complicated by vetting questionnaires that often require researchers to use deception or promote problematic beliefs to gain entry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000143#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of Discord servers revealed a presence of Catholic and Islamist extremist communities sharing anti-democratic views and hateful content targeting LGBTQ+ communities, Jewish people, and women. Some Islamist extremist servers shared official content from terrorist organisations such as ISIS, al-Qaeda, the Taliban, and Hamas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000143#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Odysee's blockchain-based architecture provides some public data points, such as LBC cryptocurrency transactions, but requires high technical expertise to analyze. The platform is used by French-language far-right royalists, neo-fascists, and Catholic fundamentalists to spread anti-democratic ideologies, including Holocaust denial and the veneration of National Socialism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000143#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Odysee serves as a backup or primary outlet for actors banned from mainstream platforms like YouTube. While some organized media outlets use it as part of a multi-platform strategy, others use it to spread extreme content that would violate the TOS of larger platforms or French law.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000143#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current digital regulations, including the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA) and proposed US laws like PATA and DSOSA, often use monthly active user (MAU) thresholds that exclude smaller and medium-sized platforms, meaning these platforms are not required to provide the same data access for researchers as 'Very Large Online Platforms' (VLOPs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000143#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report recommends that platforms establish reasonable member limits for private groups, above which they must be declared public and subject to TOS. It also calls for policy-makers to introduce legal protections for researchers conducting public interest, privacy-respecting research to prevent platforms from using TOS to insulate themselves from scrutiny.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000143#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Germany","France","European Union","United States","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","methodological assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000150","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000150","title":"Tangled Web","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Tangled-Web.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report provides a cross-platform analysis of harmful online activity in the UK, identifying a complex ecosystem where disinformation, conspiracy theories, and extremism interlink. Using a dataset of 768 UK-relevant accounts, the study finds that while explicit hate speech is a small proportion of total messaging, extremist actors maintain significant reach on platforms like Facebook and YouTube. The research highlights a 'hybridised' threat landscape where anti-vaccine and anti-government narratives often blend into overt white supremacy, and notes a growing migration toward 'alt-tech' platforms such as Bitchute and Odysee.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Accounts associated with hate speech and extremist content are more easily discoverable on the studied platforms than those associated with terrorism. Of the 768 UK-relevant accounts identified, only 55 met the project's definition of terrorism, with 42 of those supporting proscribed groups linked to Northern Ireland-related terrorism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant overlap and linguistic continuity between harmful conspiracists and white nationalist communities. Natural language processing identified nine interlinked linguistic communities, showing a spectrum that blends Covid-19 conspiracies, anti-immigration narratives, and opposition to the LGBTQ+ community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major social media platforms continue to host high-reach extremist content. Islamist extremist accounts on Facebook averaged over 568,000 followers among the top four accounts, while the largest UK extreme-right channel on YouTube had close to 2 million subscribers and some far-right Telegram channels exceeded 150,000 subscribers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"YouTube is the most frequently linked-to platform by the studied harmful actors, accounting for 78% of all external platform links (over 50,000 links). Additionally, accounts on 4chan, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook regularly directed followers to Telegram.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a notable trend of UK-relevant harmful actors linking to 'alt-tech' platforms. Bitchute, Odysee, Gettr, and Rumble were each linked to more frequently than Facebook, Instagram, or Reddit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Explicit hate speech constitutes a very small fraction of the total messages sent by the identified harmful accounts, representing only 0.35% of overall messages. This suggests that extremists often promote supremacist worldviews through 'grey area' content that avoids overt dehumanisation to evade moderation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among the detected hate speech, the highest proportion targeted individuals based on national origin (47%), followed by anti-Muslim hate speech (24%), antisemitism (15%), and anti-black hate speech (7%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Engagement levels varied by platform: 4chan's /pol/ board saw the highest volume of UK user activity with 1,891,328 comments. Telegram channels received 95,388,986 cumulative views, and YouTube videos from associated accounts were viewed 37,429,616 times.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Northern Ireland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["cross-platform analysis","network mapping","semantic clustering","hate speech classification"]},{"id":"isdglo-000155","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000155","title":"The Hydra on the Web: Challenges Associated with Extremist Use of the Fediverse","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/The-Hydra-on-the-Web.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the use of PeerTube, a decentralized video platform, by far-right and conspiracy movements in Germany. It finds that while these actors occupy a small fraction of the Fediverse, they exploit its decentralized structure to avoid the moderation and legal requirements of centralized platforms. Through network analysis and case studies, the report demonstrates that PeerTube often serves as a back-up for 'deplatforming' and that success on the platform is heavily dependent on pre-existing audience popularity. The authors argue that state regulation is limited by the software's nature and suggest community-led moderation and isolation of extremist instances as more effective responses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"PeerTube's decentralized architecture creates a 'hydra effect' where the network survives even if individual connected servers are removed, allowing new servers to be added easily.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is no central authority for content moderation on PeerTube; content can only be removed from the network if the server operator chooses to do so or if the server is switched off.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Far-right and conspiracy actors represent only a small portion of the overall Fediverse and primarily network among themselves, though some connect to the wider network via highly networked servers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"PeerTube is primarily used as a back-up option following deplatforming from YouTube, but the deletion of YouTube channels does not always result in a proportional increase in PeerTube account registrations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Success and viewership on PeerTube instances are strongly linked to the pre-established popularity of the individuals or organizations involved rather than the volume of content uploaded.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"PeerTube instances frequently serve as refuges for disinformation, particularly regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and conspiracy theories about global elites and the war in Ukraine.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"State regulation, including the German Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) and the EU's Digital Services Act, is limited in effectiveness because many instances lack the required user numbers for reporting obligations and are not operated for profit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The federation system allows users to view illegal or extremist content on an instance even if that instance's operator claims to moderate such content, as the content is hosted on a different federated server.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community-based moderation, such as the use of curated blocklists to isolate extremist instances, is proposed as a more viable alternative to state legal measures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000155#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["France","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["network analysis","case study","qualitative analysis","quantitative analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000164","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000164","title":"Uisce Faoi Thalamh An Investigation Into the Online Mis- and Disinformation Ecosystem in Ireland","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Uisce-Faoi-Thalamh-Summary-Report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a growing online mis- and disinformation ecosystem in Ireland, where far-right actors have transitioned from pandemic-related conspiracy theories to targeting immigrants and the LGBTQ+ community. Based on an analysis of over 13 million posts, the study finds that social media platforms are failing to enforce community guidelines, allowing harmful content to proliferate. Twitter (X) is the most active platform, while Telegram serves as a key hub for organization. The research highlights that online disinformation fuels offline hostility and violence, including vigilante-style attacks and protests. It recommends stronger platform regulation, algorithmic transparency, and increased data access for researchers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The online mis- and disinformation ecosystem in Ireland grew between 2020 and 2023, with increases in the number of active accounts, posts, and engagement levels across all analyzed platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms are failing to enforce their own community guidelines, creating an 'enforcement gap' that allows harmful, false, or misleading content to remain active and reach audiences.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Twitter (now X) is the primary hub for this ecosystem, hosting the highest number of accounts and serving as the dominant platform for eight of the nine analyzed topics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Far-right actors and alternative media outlets are the primary drivers of disinformation; these actors often use a 'veneer of credibility' to promote conspiratorial claims and hateful ideologies, including white nationalism and antisemitism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The focus of the disinformation ecosystem shifted from COVID-19 health narratives in 2020-2021 to the war in Ukraine, and subsequently to anti-immigration and anti-LGBTQ+ narratives in early 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Online disinformation has directly contributed to offline violence and hostility, including anti-lockdown protests, vigilante-style violence linked to anti-immigration rhetoric, and protests targeting libraries and schools over LGBTQ+ issues.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is increasingly being exploited by far-right political parties to frame the issue as a 'culture war' and a conspiracy to control the population, often to position themselves as defenders of rural interests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["landscape study","narrative analysis","platform analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000165","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000165","title":"Uisce Faoi Thalamh An Investigation Into the Online Mis- and Disinformation Ecosystem in Ireland","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Uisce-Faoi-Thalamh_Platform-Analysis.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes 12 social media platforms and various fundraising mechanisms used by actors in the Irish mis- and disinformation ecosystem. It finds that Twitter (X) is the most popular platform for these activities, while Telegram has seen exponential growth as a hub for original content and Russian state-backed media. Mainstream platforms like Facebook and Instagram show a shift in focus from COVID-19 health misinformation toward anti-immigration narratives. Alternative platforms such as Gab, Gettr, BitChute, and Rumble are used to host more explicit hate speech, including Holocaust denial and neo-Nazism, often serving as storage for content that would be banned on mainstream sites. Additionally, the report identifies 41 entities using 27 different donation platforms, including Stripe and PayPal, often in violation of the platforms' terms of service regarding hate speech and disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Twitter (X) is the most dominant platform in the Irish mis- and disinformation ecosystem, with 1,158 accounts producing 11.7 million tweets between January 2020 and April 2023. A small number of highly prolific accounts drive the majority of activity, with the top 10 accounts responsible for over 14% and the top 50 for over 35% of total content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Telegram has experienced exponential growth within the ecosystem, evolving from 23 channels publishing an average of 38 posts per day in 2020 to 102 channels averaging 1,150 posts per day in 2022. Unlike Twitter, Telegram is primarily used for original content, with 69% of all activity consisting of original posts rather than forwards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a clear thematic shift across mainstream platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter) where health-related discussions, which dominated during the COVID-19 pandemic, have been superseded by immigration-focused narratives from 2022 onwards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Alternative platforms like Gab and Gettr are used to disseminate extreme content that is typically banned on mainstream sites, including explicit antisemitism and Holocaust denial. Gemma O'Doherty is identified as a prominent actor using these platforms for such purposes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Telegram serves as a significant conduit for Russian state-backed media in Ireland, specifically through the RIPT News Media Ireland channel, which shares content from RT to bypass EU sanctions and blocks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"YouTube is used by Irish actors to produce and monetise misleading claims via livestreams and the 'Super Chats' feature. Actors also employ a cross-posting strategy, uploading 24.2% of their YouTube content to alternative platforms like BitChute, Rumble, or Odysee to ensure content survives if their mainstream accounts are terminated.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"TikTok is less prominent than other platforms, but its algorithms may amplify controversial content; some videos from accounts with low follower counts reached over one million views. Content on TikTok frequently involves the harassment and doxxing of migrants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Alternative video platforms (BitChute, Rumble, Odysee, and DLive) are primarily used as storage spaces rather than for audience growth, with 25% of uploads on the three main sites being cross-posted videos.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Actors in the Irish mis- and disinformation ecosystem use 27 different fundraising mechanisms to solicit financial support. Stripe and PayPal are the most popular, despite both having policies prohibiting the promotion of hate or discriminatory content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Northern Ireland","United Kingdom","United States","Russia","Ukraine"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["platform analysis","content analysis","quantitative analysis","qualitative analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000166","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000166","title":"Uisce Faoi Thalamh An Investigation Into the Online Mis- and Disinformation Ecosystem in Ireland","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Uisce-Faoi-Thalamh_Topic-Analysis.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies health as the most prominent topic of mis- and disinformation in Ireland, followed by Irish politics and immigration. It highlights the role of alternative media outlets like Gript and TheLiberal.ie in amplifying false narratives, and documents the use of conspiratorial tropes—such as the 'Great Replacement' and 'plantation' narratives—to fuel anti-immigrant sentiment and target political figures. The analysis also covers the spread of COVID-19 misinformation, anti-LGBTQ+ campaigns, climate change denial, and 5G conspiracy theories, noting a significant overlap between these themes and a tendency for narratives to be imported from international far-right movements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Health was the most discussed topic in the Irish mis- and disinformation ecosystem, accounting for 14.27% of the content produced between January 2020 and April 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Alternative media outlets Gript and TheLiberal.ie are central to the ecosystem; Gript was the most shared media platform for seven of the nine topics analysed and received 30% of all shares in the dataset.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Discussions regarding immigration surged in late 2022 and 2023, with the term 'plantation' being used as a localized version of the 'Great Replacement' conspiracy theory to frame asylum seekers as an enemy force intended to replace indigenous populations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Irish politics was the second most popular topic (8.1%), with high levels of threatening and violent rhetoric directed at senior government figures, including calls for politicians to be sent to the gallows.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Anti-LGBTQ+ narratives have increased significantly, with a 1571.5% increase in average daily posts from 2020 to 2023, often employing the 'groomer' slur to frame the community as a threat to children.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate-related disinformation often frames environmental action as a 'culture war' or a 'climate lockdown' conspiracy designed by global elites to restrict individual freedoms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Russia-Ukraine conflict (3.33% of content) saw the proliferation of pro-Kremlin narratives and the use of the sanctioned Russian state media outlet RT as a frequent reference point.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"5G conspiracy theories peaked during the early COVID-19 pandemic, with some users encouraging the vandalism and arson of telecom masts based on false claims that the technology was linked to the virus.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conspiracy narratives involving the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the 'Great Reset' were the most popular within the conspiracy dataset, often linking these to a 'globalist' agenda for mass immigration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","carbon dioxide emissions","energy poverty","2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference"],"geography_discussed":["Dublin","Finglas","Dungarvan","East Wall","Ballymun","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["narrative analysis","quantitative analysis","network analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000167","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000167","title":"A Year of Hate","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Understanding-Threats-and-Harassment-Targeting-Drag-Shows-and-the-LGBTQ-Community.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a global convergence of far-right groups, conspiracy theorists, and 'parents' rights' movements targeting drag events to denigrate the LGBTQ+ community. While the US is the primary driver of narratives and the only country in the set to pass anti-drag legislation, similar tactics like doxxing and harassment are appearing globally. The report highlights the use of 'save the children' and 'groomer' narratives to justify extremism and warns that these fringe tropes are becoming mainstreamed in political discourse.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000167#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Anti-drag activism is driven by loose coalitions consisting of far-right groups, COVID-19 conspiracy theorists, fundamentalist religious activists, and right-wing influencers. While political support for these actions exists in France, Australia, and the US, only in the US are a significant number of mainstream party elected representatives actively engaging in anti-drag rhetoric.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000167#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The United States serves as the global epicenter for anti-drag activity, recording the highest number of protests and violent incidents, including the Club Q shooting and an attempted arson. The US also exports the narratives and tactics used by movements in other countries and is the only reviewed nation where anti-drag legislation has been successfully enacted.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000167#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Anti-LGBTQ+ actors globally employ a shared set of harassment tactics, including doxxing, threats of violence, coordinated harassment of venues, and 'review bombing' of public services. Despite these pressures, the majority of targeted performances are not cancelled; in the US dataset, only 6.4% of targeted performances were cancelled.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000167#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'protecting children' narrative is the primary justification for extreme protests, framing drag performers as 'groomers' or predatory 'ideological indoctrinators'. This framework often overlaps with QAnon-related 'save the children' conspiracy theories to justify extreme actions as necessary to prevent harm to minors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000167#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Several secondary narratives are used to delegitimize LGBTQ+ identities, including framing drag as misogyny (primarily in the UK and Australia), conflating drag performers with transgender individuals, and claiming that LGBTQ+ identities are a 'gender ideology'. In Australia, some activists specifically link LGBTQ+ identities to Satanism, describing performers as 'demons'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000167#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Anti-drag activists frequently target public libraries and councils by claiming that hosting drag events is a waste of public resources. This narrative is used as a vector to pressure local governments to cancel events through template complaints and harassment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000167#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Ireland","Finland","Sweden","Switzerland","Europe","Central Asia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["narrative analysis","ethnographic monitoring"]},{"id":"isdglo-000169","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000169","title":"Web of Hate","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Web-of-Hate_A-Retrospective-Study-of-Online-Gendered-Abuse-in-2022-in-the-United-States_update.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes online gendered abuse in the US during 2022, focusing on events like the Depp v. Heard trial and the reversal of Roe v. Wade. It finds that these events acted as catalysts for misogynistic content, particularly targeting women in politics and those with intersecting identities. The study highlights the role of influencers like Andrew Tate and Nick Fuentes in spreading hate and criticizes social media platforms for inconsistent enforcement of their hate speech policies, especially in comment sections and regarding non-textual content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Certain high-profile events in 2022 served as primary catalysts for misogynistic speech, with the highest volumes of abuse linked to the Depp v. Heard trial, the US midterm elections, and political figures such as Nancy Pelosi and Liz Cheney.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in politics, particularly Democrats and women of color, were targeted by gendered disinformation across all analyzed platforms, with Telegram identified as being especially toxic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women with intersecting identities faced compounded abuse; for example, over 80% of analyzed Facebook posts regarding trans athlete Lia Thomas were classified as transphobic, and Brittney Griner was targeted with a combination of racism, homophobia, and misgendering.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A small group of influential actors, including Andrew Tate, Jack Posobiec, and Nick Fuentes, significantly drive the spread of misogynistic rhetoric, often bypassing platform restrictions through fan accounts or alternative platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The prevalence of misogyny in image and video formats exposes the inadequacy of text-based content moderation, particularly on Facebook and Telegram where violent imagery often lacks accompanying misogynistic keywords in captions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Misogynistic content often utilizes a cross-platform strategy, using platforms like Telegram to redirect users to other sites such as TikTok or BitChute to ensure content remains accessible after removal from mainstream sites.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While major platforms (Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok) have policies against gendered abuse, enforcement is inconsistent and often fails to address toxic comment sections and replies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Telegram is characterized by the most permissive environment for misogyny due to a lack of specific policies against misogynistic speech and images and a 'hands-off' approach to moderation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Taiwan","Russia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["retrospective study","cross-platform analysis","quantitative analysis","qualitative analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000173","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000173","title":"Young guns: Understanding a new generation of extremist radicalization in the United States","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Young-guns_Understandings-a-new-generation-of-extremist-radicalization-in-the-United-States.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines how extremist radicalization in the US is shifting toward a 'post-organizational' model, where Generation Z is increasingly influenced by decentralized online networks rather than formal groups. It highlights the 'hybridization' of ideologies, where boundaries between different extremist movements blur, and identifies key threats from white supremacy, accelerationism, anti-government movements, Salafi-jihadism, the 'manosphere', and violent conspiracy theories. The authors emphasize the critical role of social media and gaming platforms in facilitating this process and call for updated prevention strategies that involve young people in their design.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000173#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The landscape of youth radicalization is shifting toward 'post-organizational' dynamics, characterized by a decrease in formal group membership and an increase in lone actors. Data from the PIRUS dataset indicates that the number of radicalized young people under 30 with no formal ties to extremist groups has increased by 311% over the last 10 years compared to the previous 50 years, with 54.1% of radicalized youth in the US not belonging to formal groups.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000173#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extremist ideologies are becoming increasingly 'hybridized' and fluid, particularly among Generation Z. This involves a blurring of lines between previously oppositional groups, such as white supremacists adopting Islamic State tactics or Salafi-jihadists using the aesthetics of the extreme right. An example is the 'Islamogram' community, which merges Salafi ideas with the visual culture and humor of youth-oriented extreme right movements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000173#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Digital platforms are central to modern radicalization, with a 413% rise in the internet playing the primary role in the radicalization of those under 30 between 2010 and 2020. Extremists use a multi-platform approach to avoid moderation, utilizing mainstream sites, encrypted apps like Telegram, and gaming platforms. Specifically, an ISD analysis of white supremacist channels on Discord found that most users were minors with an average age of 15.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000173#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Accelerationism has emerged as a significant threat among youth, advocating for violent attacks to trigger a racial civil war and societal collapse. This movement is influenced by the 'Siege' writings of James and the 'leaderless resistance' concept of Louis Beam. High-profile mass attacks in the US, including the 2015 Charleston shooting and the 2022 Buffalo supermarket attack, were fueled by these racist and antisemitic ideologies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000173#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'manosphere' and Incel communities represent a youth-oriented threat of misogynistic violence. ADL survey data suggests that 82% of self-identified Incels are aged 18–30, with 36% between 18–21. These communities often promote the 'blackpill'—a nihilistic belief in hopelessness—and overlap with right-wing extremism and white supremacy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000173#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a growing trend of mass violence driven by mixed, inconsistent, or unclear ideologies, often inspired by antisocial digital communities rather than a coherent political worldview. The July 4, 2022, Highland Park shooting is cited as a case where the perpetrator was active in 'gore forums' and nihilistic online communities that glorify violence, challenging traditional models of ideological radicalization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000173#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["New Zealand"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"isdglo-000033","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000033","title":"Detours and Diversions Online Strategies for the Dissemination of Right-Wing Extremist Content","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-10-24","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/publication/detours-and-diversions-online-strategies-for-the-dissemination-of-right-wing-extremist-content/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights"],"summary":{"text":"The report provides a comparative analysis of far-right and radical right actors' strategies and linkages on established platforms versus alternative platforms like Telegram. It synthesizes methodological groundwork and empirical research to better understand the behavior of these actors and explores various data collection options for monitoring alternative platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000033#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The report compares data from established internet platforms and Telegram to analyze the behavior of far-right actors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000033#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The research includes a comparative analysis of the strategies and linkages used by far-right and radical right actors across both established and alternative platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000033#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project investigated data collection options for alternative platforms, noting that methods vary by platform.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000033#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"isdglo-000043","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000043","title":"In the Blind Spot – How right-wing extremists use alternative platforms for radicalisation","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-10-24","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/publication/in-the-blind-spot-how-right-wing-extremists-use-alternative-platforms-for-radicalisation/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The document provides a summary of the 2021 expert conference \"In the blind spot – How right-wing extremists use alternative online platforms for radicalisation,\" which was part of a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Justice. The event brought together approximately 50 participants and livestream guests to discuss research, regulation, and law enforcement perspectives on digital right-wing extremism. Key discussion areas included the role of gaming communities, anti-feminist subcultures, cross-platform research challenges, and regulatory approaches to alternative platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000043#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The conference addressed several specific drivers and environments of radicalisation, including the influence of gaming communities and anti-feminist subcultures, as well as the dynamics of cross-ideological networking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000043#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Participants discussed the practicalities of combating extremism, specifically focusing on regulatory approaches for alternative online platforms and the challenges law enforcement faces when addressing hate speech.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000043#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The event highlighted the methodological difficulties and ethical considerations associated with conducting research across different digital platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000043#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Germany"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"isdglo-000011","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000011","title":"Signposts – A background report on right-wing extremist online subcultures","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-10-21","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/publication/signposts-a-background-report-on-right-wing-extremist-online-subcultures/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights"],"summary":{"text":"The report outlines the historical evolution of right-wing extremist internet use in Germany and the conceptual framework used for the \"Countering Radicalisation in Right-Wing Extremist Online Subcultures\" project. It highlights expert findings on the strategic use of mainstream and alternative platforms, the role of gaming and messenger services like Telegram, and the convergence of right-wing extremists with conspiracy theorists and anti-vaxxers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000011#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Right-wing extremists in Germany have consistently adapted to technological and social advancements, including the rise of Web 2.0, to further their objectives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000011#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Expert interviews indicate a strategic division of platform use: mainstream platforms are used to reach broad audiences, while alternative platforms are used for the distribution of radical content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000011#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In German-speaking regions, Telegram and alternative audiovisual platforms are particularly significant, and gaming platforms have increased in importance as entry points.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000011#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant contemporary trend is the convergence of right-wing extremists with anti-vaccination advocates and conspiracy ideologues.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000011#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While moderation on platforms varies, the efforts of mainstream platforms have been found to be quite effective where implemented.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000011#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"isdglo-000017","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000017","title":"Escape Routes: How far-right actors circumvent the Network Enforcement Act","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2022-10-21","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/publication/escape-routes-how-far-right-actors-circumvent-the-network-enforcement-act/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights"],"summary":{"text":"The study analyzes the online behavior of right-wing extremists who use established platforms like Facebook and YouTube to link users to alternative platforms. It finds that these actors use 'softer' content and dog-whistling on mainstream sites to avoid deplatforming while moving more direct extremist communication to alternative spaces. While no single alternative platform dominates except for Telegram, the use of audiovisual platforms and 'fleeting content' like livestreams creates significant challenges for moderation and research due to a lack of traceability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000017#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Right-wing extremist actors use established social media platforms as 'entry points' to redirect users to alternative, less regulated platforms. To avoid being banned or having content deleted, they post 'softer' content using dog-whistling on mainstream platforms while reserving direct extremist communication for alternative platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000017#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"No single alternative platform has become the primary favorite for the radical right, which limits the reach of individual actors in these subcultures, with the notable exception of Telegram, which is of outstanding importance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000017#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Audiovisual platforms are particularly popular among the analyzed actors, posing a challenge for researchers and security authorities because their data structure makes content harder to analyze than text.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000017#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of 'fleeting content'—such as Instagram stories or livestreams that are not saved—creates a moderation gap that users are actively exploiting to share extreme content without challenge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000017#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"isdglo-000041","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000041","title":"Telegram as a Buttress: How far-right extremists and conspiracy theorists are expanding their infrastructures via Telegram","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-10-21","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/publication/telegram-as-a-buttress-how-far-right-extremists-and-conspiracy-theorists-are-expanding-their-infrastructures-via-telegram/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes over 650,000 messages from 238 Telegram channels to understand the digital infrastructure of the far-right in Germany. It finds that while extremists use alternative platforms, they still maintain a significant presence on established sites by posting 'softer' content to avoid deletion, using Telegram as a hub for more radical material.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000041#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Telegram serves primarily as a gathering point for individuals and organizations whose accounts on larger platforms have been deleted, rather than as a gateway to a single dominant alternative platform for the German extreme right-wing milieu.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000041#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Right-wing extremists and conspiracy ideologues show a particular preference for audiovisual platforms, including video and livestreaming sites, many of which are hosted outside the German-speaking area.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000041#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite regulatory efforts like the NetzDG, established platforms remain highly attractive; 16 per cent of links in the dataset led to established sites, which is double the amount of links leading to smaller platforms that operate below legal deletion obligations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000041#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extremists have adopted a dual communication strategy: they post moderated, 'softer' content on established platforms to prevent account deletion while directing followers to alternative platforms like Telegram for more radical content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000041#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A small number of 'power users' strategically manage complex networks across multiple channels and group chats to maximize their reach, as exemplified by Attila Hildmann.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000041#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]}]}