{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["FSD Africa"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":285,"relation":"eq"},"page":12,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=fsd-africa&page=12","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=fsd-africa&page=13","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"fsdafri-000063","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000063","title":"Project Title Regulatory and Innovation Sandbox Implementation","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/22-07-11-Digital-Economy-Regulatory-and-Innovation-Sandbox-Implementation.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights"],"summary":{"text":"FSD Africa is partnering with the Bank of Ghana (BoG) from 2022 to 2024, with £200,000 in FCDO funding, to implement a regulatory innovation sandbox. Following a 2021 feasibility assessment by the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, the project provides technical assistance and capacity building to the BoG to help fintechs test and scale innovations, address regulatory barriers, and inform regulatory framework reforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000063#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The project, funded with £200,000 from the FCDO and running from 2022-2024, focuses on the implementation of a regulatory innovation sandbox to enable the testing of solutions for underserved population segments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000063#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Phase II of the initiative involves providing technical assistance and capacity building to the Bank of Ghana to facilitate the sandbox rollout and engagement with industry stakeholders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000063#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project's target results include identifying and addressing regulatory barriers, increasing the number of fintechs able to test and scale innovations, training bank staff, and generating insights for regulatory framework reforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000063#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"fsdafri-000066","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000066","title":"Regulating for innovation in Africa","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/22-10-25-R3Lab-Synthesis-Report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies that while insurance innovation exists across Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, it is not yet leveraged to reach underserved segments like MSMEs and rural inhabitants at scale. Key constraints include high mobile data costs, low consumer trust, a significant STEM skills gap, and risk-averse corporate boards. Regulatory frameworks are generally not seen as major barriers, but gaps remain in digital onboarding clarity and license categories for insurtechs. The document recommends that regulators move beyond formal regulation to use proactive market engagement, streamlined supervisory processes, and upgraded digital monitoring systems to foster inclusive insurance growth.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000066#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Insurance penetration remains low across the study countries, with most reporting rates below the Sub-Saharan African average of 2.78%, except for Zimbabwe at 3.6% as of 2020. The market is primarily dominated by non-life insurance and compulsory products, leaving voluntary retail markets for rural inhabitants, informal sector workers, and MSMEs underserved.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000066#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Innovation in the insurance sector is unevenly distributed and often focused on efficiency for existing clients rather than inclusion. Incumbent insurers typically prioritise the digitalisation of processes to serve current customers, while the insurtech sector remains nascent and primarily focused on business-to-business (B2B) services, with Kenya being the only exception with a more developed sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000066#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Three primary structural constraints hinder innovation across the sampled countries: the high cost of mobile data, which limits digital distribution; low consumer awareness and trust, often linked to poor claims payment records; and a significant gap in technical insurance and STEM skills, particularly in underwriting and actuarial science.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000066#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Market-level constraints include a lack of corporate drive for innovation due to board-level risk aversion and a focus on short-term returns, as well as difficulties in establishing viable partnerships between traditional insurers and insurtechs due to legacy system incompatibilities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000066#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While regulatory frameworks are not viewed as major barriers, specific gaps persist, including uncertainty regarding remote onboarding and digital signatures, a lack of dedicated license categories for technical service providers (TSPs) and insurtechs (except in Ghana), and underutilised regulatory sandboxes and microinsurance frameworks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000066#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Supervisory systems are constrained by a lack of dedicated institutional capacity for innovation, communication efforts that do not reach prospective tech entrants, and monitoring systems that rely on broad indicators like penetration rates rather than granular innovation metrics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000066#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regulators are urged to adopt a multi-pronged approach to support innovation, including using 'moral suasion' to encourage market research, issuing non-legally binding guidance to create certainty for non-traditional players, and investing in 'suptech' (supervisory technology) to improve risk and compliance monitoring.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000066#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","Australia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["cross-country synthesis","ecosystem assessment","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000070","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000070","title":"FSD Africa Supplier and Grantee Code of Conduct","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/24-01-31-FSD-Africa-Grantee-Supplier-Code-of-Conduct-FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The FSD Africa Supplier and Grantee Code of Conduct mandates that all partners act with integrity, transparency, and value for money. It implements a two-tier compliance structure: Level 1 for contracts of £500,001 or more, requiring rigorous policies and annual declarations, and Level 2 for smaller contracts, focusing on overarching principles. Key requirements include adherence to environmental and net-zero policies, human rights protections, anti-money laundering laws, and the support of MSMEs within the delivery chain.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000070#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"FSD Africa employs a tiered compliance system based on contract value. Level 1 applies to those with a contract or grant value of £500,001 or above, or multiple contracts totaling that amount. Level 2 applies to those with values below £500,000, including all individual consultants; these partners are expected to adhere to overarching principles but will not be monitored against the Code.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000070#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Level 1 partners must implement specific environmental and climate governance measures, including the adoption of net-zero policies and the integration of climate change risk disclosure using frameworks such as the CDP or ISSB.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000070#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Code mandates a zero-tolerance approach to corruption, bribery, fraud, and tax evasion across the delivery chain. Level 1 partners are specifically required to provide full delivery chain transparency and support MSMEs by paying undisputed invoices within 30 days.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000070#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Human rights protections are central to the Code, with a specific focus on managing risks in fragile and conflict-affected states (FCAS). Level 1 partners must be UN Global Compact participants and implement due diligence to prevent slavery and human trafficking in their delivery chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000070#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"All partners must comply with anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing laws, specifically citing the Anti-Money Laundering and Combating of Terrorism Financing Laws (Amendment) Act 2023 of Kenya.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000070#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Level 1 partners with multi-year contracts are required to submit an annual Compliance Declaration and may be subject to spot check monitoring to verify their adherence to the Code.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000070#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["environmental law","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy framework","compliance guide"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000073","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000073","title":"FSD AFRICA SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT GUIDELINES","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/24-11-13-FSD-Africas-Sustainable-Procurement-Guidelines.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The FSD Africa Sustainable Procurement Guidelines establish a tiered approach to embedding sustainability into the procurement cycle, moving beyond the lowest price to determine the Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT). The guidelines categorise procurement into goods and services, individual consultancies, and consulting firms, with requirements scaling based on contract value. Key priorities include supporting local African economies, engaging diverse suppliers (women, youth, and persons with disabilities), reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring compliance with a Supplier Code of Conduct. The document provides a five-step procurement cycle—planning, criteria development, code of conduct adherence, evaluation, and monitoring—supported by specific tools such as the Sustainability Issues Prioritisation (SIP) Worksheet and a Sustainable RFx Clauses Menu.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000073#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The organisation's sustainable procurement strategy is built on four pillars: Environmental (GHG emissions, energy efficiency, waste reduction), Economic (MEAT), Social (equity, diversity, inclusion, and local economic development), and Ethical (reducing risks of child labour, human trafficking, and labour exploitation).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000073#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FSD Africa specifically prioritises the engagement of local suppliers based in Africa and diverse suppliers, including those that are women-owned, youth-owned, or minority-led.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000073#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Procurement requirements for consultancies vary by contract size: small contracts (<£50,000) focus on feasible sustainability criteria and basic strategies, while medium/large contracts (>£50,001) require detailed sustainability strategies, monitoring systems in contracts, and a preference for certifications like B-Corp, ISO, or Fair Trade.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000073#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"For business travel, the guidelines mandate a hierarchy of preferences: essential travel only, economy class flights, direct flights, and the use of carbon offsets to neutralise impact.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000073#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The guidelines implement a five-step procurement cycle: Planning (using the SIP Worksheet), Criteria Development (using the RFx Question Menu), Supplier Code of Conduct (mandatory signing), Evaluation (using the Sustainability Evaluation Guide), and Monitoring Performance (via sustainability KPIs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000073#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FSD Africa recommends an initial weighting of 5% for sustainability value-add in procurement evaluations, to be scaled as supplier practices mature.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000073#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable procurement","greenhouse gas emissions","energy efficiency","carbon offset"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["guidelines"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000077","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000077","title":"RESPONSE TO EOI QUERIES SOVEREIGN DEBT ADVISORY","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/25-07-09-Sovereign-Debt-Advisory-EOI-Response-to-Queries.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document clarifies the staffing, deployment, and tax requirements for bidders responding to an EOI for sovereign debt advisory. It specifies that there are no restrictions on the mix of staff or contractors used, and that services may be delivered via short-term consultancy or embedded support for up to two years. It also confirms that FSD Africa must withhold tax according to Kenyan law and announces a submission deadline extension to 21 July 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000077#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Bidders have flexibility in the composition of their teams, with no restrictions on whether they use staff, associate contractors, or simple contractors, and can propose any mix of part-time or full-time resources for up to two years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000077#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Advisory services may be provided through short-term consultancy or embedded support for periods up to two years, with in-country deployments and travel terms to be agreed upon between FSD Africa and the relevant Debt Management Office.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000077#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FSD Africa is legally required to withhold tax based on rates specified in the Terms of Reference (TOR) because it is based in Kenya.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000077#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["procedural"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000084","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000084","title":"Africa’s Growth Engine: Why Deepening the Financial Sector Matters","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/25-10-03-Africas-Growth-Engine-Why-Deepening-the-Financial-Sector-Matters.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document advocates for financial sector deepening in Africa to align local systems with global investor expectations and unlock vast domestic assets. It highlights that Africa's private institutional assets under management (AUM) were estimated at USD 2.4 trillion in 2020 and are projected to reach USD 6.4 trillion by 2040. The briefing emphasizes that public investment in capital market development can achieve high leverage ratios, sometimes as high as 35:1, to crowd in private capital. By improving regulation, transparency, and the use of local currency instruments, the document argues that Africa can shift from aid dependence toward a self-sustaining financial ecosystem that supports high-impact sectors such as green infrastructure, MSMEs, and climate-resilient agriculture.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000084#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Africa's private institutional assets under management (AUM) are growing rapidly, estimated at USD 2.4 trillion in 2020 and projected to reach USD 6.4 trillion by 2040, yet these resources remain underutilised or invested outside of high-impact sectors like climate resilience and infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000084#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public and donor funding for financial sector deepening, particularly in capital markets, can provide significant leverage for private capital; while World Bank, IFC, and OECD research suggests a ratio of USD 5 to USD 15 of private capital per dollar of public investment, some interventions have recorded ratios as high as 35:1.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000084#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant disparity between the scale of domestic assets and the actual domestic contribution to climate finance; as of 2023, Africa's AUMs were over 50 times higher than Official Development Assistance (ODA), yet domestic sources accounted for only 13% of tracked climate finance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000084#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial sector deepening creates four primary pathways for scalable investment: mobilising domestic savings into productive use, improving capital allocation through better risk analysis and ESG screening, diversifying financing options beyond traditional bank lending, and building market integrity to lower the cost of capital.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000084#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","green infrastructure","climate resilience","nature-based solutions","carbon emission trading","Climate-smart agriculture","Blended Finance"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","financial assessment"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000085","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000085","title":"FSD Africa Strategy 2025-2030","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/25.04.24-FSD-Africa-Strategy-2025-2030-Final_Optimizer.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"FSD Africa's 2025-2030 strategy aims to transform the continent's financial system to better support sustainable growth and climate resilience. The agency intends to mobilise domestic private capital—estimated at $2.4 trillion—to address gaps in energy transition, climate adaptation, and SME financing. Key implementation plans include the creation of four Centres of Expertise and a Catalytic Transactions Team to build a pipeline of bankable green projects. The strategy sets specific targets, including adding 1,500 megawatts of energy capacity and creating or protecting 200,000 jobs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000085#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"FSD Africa identifies a critical failure in the current financial system where private capital is inaccessible, domestic markets are underdeveloped, and sovereign debt levels are unsustainable, which hinders the continent's ability to fund green projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000085#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant untapped potential in domestic private capital in Africa, currently estimated at $2.4 trillion (comprising savings, insurance, and pension assets), which could grow to $6.4 trillion by 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000085#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The strategy highlights the energy transition as a primary opportunity for large-scale private investment, noting that while Africa possesses 60% of the world's best solar resources, it only has 1% of installed solar capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000085#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate adaptation costs in Africa are projected to reach $50 billion per year by 2050, yet existing financial models are failing to attract the necessary private investment at scale.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000085#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To implement its 2025-2030 goals, FSD Africa will establish four Centres of Expertise (COE) and a Catalytic Transactions Team to improve pipeline generation and thought leadership.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000085#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agency has set specific development impact targets for the strategy period, including enabling 1,500 megawatts of additional energy capacity and reaching 40 million people and Small and Growing Businesses (SGBs) for improved financial resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000085#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","energy transition","climate change adaptation","green economy","climate bond","carbon emission trading","biodiversity","solar energy","green infrastructure"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Nigeria"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["strategic planning","market assessment"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000086","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000086","title":"RURAL ETHIOPIAN HOSPITAL TRANSFORMING THE HEALTH INSURANCE LANDSCAPE","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/3e.-Saglan-Wajee-Hospital-write-up-Final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Saglan Wajee General Hospital, located in Holeta Town, Oromia, is transitioning from a healthcare provider to Ethiopia's first full-fledged health insurance company after participating in FSD Africa's BimaLab Insurtech Accelerator Program. The hospital developed 'Efoy', a micro-health insurance product targeting low and middle-income families. Efoy 1.0 attracted over 1,200 customers in its first year, and the subsequent Efoy 2.0 expanded coverage for chronic patients and families, adding approximately 900 more patients. Through BimaLab, the hospital established a relationship with the National Bank of Ethiopia, leading to the issuance of a license that had been frozen for 14 years. The hospital plans to launch 'Family Medical Network' as its insurance company, expand into Addis Ababa, and integrate 130 health facilities into its network.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000086#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Saglan Wajee General Hospital is set to become the first full-fledged health insurance company in Ethiopia after receiving a license from the National Bank of Ethiopia, which had stopped issuing such licenses 14 years prior.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000086#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The hospital developed and iterated a micro-health insurance product called Efoy to serve low and middle-income families. Efoy 1.0 gained over 1,200 customers in its first year, while the upgraded Efoy 2.0 reached an additional 900 patients by introducing segmented services for individuals, families, and chronic patients.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000086#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To overcome the lack of 'instant gratification' associated with insurance, the hospital implemented a system where the cash register automatically reduces insured patients' fees by 99.9%, which drove word-of-mouth marketing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000086#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite the move toward insurtech, the hospital's current operations remain manual, utilizing physical cards, cash or bank transfer payments, and face-to-face marketing to maintain trust among target patients.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000086#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Future expansion plans include the establishment of the Family Medical Network insurance company, the opening of a branch in Addis Ababa, and the integration of 130 health facilities into the insurance network.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000086#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Holeta Town","Oromia Region","Addis Ababa","Kenya","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000089","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000089","title":"FSD AFRICA SAFEGUARDING POLICY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Acknowledgment-Form-Safeguarding-2020-Final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines the requirement for all FSD Africa staff to read and acknowledge the organization's Safeguarding Policy annually. It provides two methods for submission—online via a SharePoint link or via a paper form submitted to HR or Safeguarding Officers. The acknowledgment form requires employees to confirm they understand the policy's values and standards, recognize their responsibility to seek guidance on specific situations, and agree to report suspected policy violations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000089#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"All FSD Africa staff members are required to read and acknowledge their compliance with the Safeguarding Policy on an annual basis as a condition for beginning and continuing their employment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000089#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Employees can complete the acknowledgment process either online through the FSD Africa intranet/website or by submitting a physical paper form to the Director of HR & Talent Management or a Safeguarding Officer.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000089#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"By signing the acknowledgment, employees commit to complying with professional conduct standards, seeking guidance for unclear situations, and reporting any suspected violations of the Safeguarding Policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000089#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"fsdafri-000090","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000090","title":"Africa Green Bond Toolkit","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Africa_GBToolKit_Eng_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Africa Green Bond Toolkit, developed by FSD Africa and the Climate Bonds Initiative, serves as a practical manual for entities in Africa to issue green bonds. It outlines the structural differences between green and vanilla bonds, detailing how proceeds must be exclusively allocated to projects with environmental benefits. The document guides issuers through the pre-issuance phase—including the creation of a Green Bond Framework and independent verification—and the post-issuance phase, focusing on reporting and auditing. It highlights global benchmarks such as the Green Bond Principles (GBP) and the Climate Bonds Standard (CBS), while providing African case studies from South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria to demonstrate investor demand and the role of credit guarantees in market development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000090#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Green bonds are structurally identical to regular bonds but differ in that their proceeds are allocated exclusively to projects with environmental and social co-benefits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000090#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Issuers of green bonds can benefit from a more diverse and 'sticky' investor base, as demand often exceeds supply and investors frequently hold these bonds to maturity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000090#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The issuance process follows a specific sequence: identifying qualifying green projects, developing a Green Bond Framework, arranging independent verification, and finally issuing the bond.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000090#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A Green Bond Framework must address four key pillars: the use of proceeds, the process for project evaluation and selection, the management of proceeds, and reporting requirements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000090#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To maintain certification under the Climate Bonds Standard, issuers must undergo post-issuance verification within 24 months of issuance and provide annual reports for the life of the bond.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000090#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Case studies in Africa demonstrate strong investor appetite, such as Nedbank Limited's renewable energy bond in South Africa, which saw an oversubscription of 328%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000090#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Intermediaries play a critical role in the African market by providing credit guarantees to reduce investor risk, such as GuarantCo's 50% partial credit guarantee for Acorn Holdings in Kenya.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000090#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"As of December 2019, cumulative green bond issuance in Africa reached USD 2.7 billion, with South Africa accounting for the largest share at USD 2.2 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000090#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate bond","climate finance","renewable energy","energy efficiency"],"geography_discussed":["South Africa","Kenya","Nigeria","Namibia","Morocco","Seychelles","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["guide","case study"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000094","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000094","title":"AquaMnara: Building resilience for aquaculture farmers","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/AquaMnara-Final-.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"AquaMnara, supported by FSD Africa's TECA project, provides aquaculture farmers in Kisumu, Kenya, with technical support, value chain linkages, and financial facilitation to improve climate resilience and production. The startup focuses on sustainable practices, water quality management, and empowering women in the sector through a dedicated 'women in aquaculture' programme.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000094#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"AquaMnara provides aquaculture farmers in Kisumu with essential value chain linkages, including access to certified fingerling and feed suppliers, reliable markets, and technologies such as water quality and temperature regulators for ponds and cages.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000094#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To address the fact that aquaculture is viewed as a high-risk sector with limited financing, AquaMnara acts as a link between financial institutions and farmers, planning to implement an e-voucher system for purchasing feeds, nets, and accessories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000094#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The startup has launched a 'women in aquaculture' programme, supported by a $10,000 grant from TECA, to provide resources and finance to women fish farmers and overcome traditional cultural restrictions around Lake Victoria.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000094#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"AquaMnara's interventions have resulted in a 30 percent increase in production for fish farmers, a reduction in losses, the training of 160 farmers on sustainable practices, and the creation of 15 job opportunities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000094#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Over the next three years, AquaMnara aims to reach 2,000 fish farmers, help them increase their income by 40%, create 1,200 jobs, and improve the livelihoods of 12,000 individuals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000094#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["aquaculture","climate resilience","blue economy","climate finance","gender equality"],"geography_discussed":["Lake Victoria","East Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000097","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000097","title":"VOICES FROM THE FIELD – MOROCCO","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/BCP-Gender-Bond_Final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details how BCP, through its subsidiary Attawfiq Micro-Finance, used a USD 25 million gender bond to provide micro-credits and non-financial services to women in Morocco. It highlights the barriers women face—such as lack of collateral, cultural norms, and limited financial literacy—and demonstrates how targeted micro-credit has enabled women in both rural and urban areas to expand businesses and escape poverty. While the initiative shows success in financial inclusion, the text notes that investor focus on yield over social impact and rigorous reporting requirements remain challenges for the growth of social bonds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000097#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Women in Morocco face systemic barriers to financial inclusion, including low income, unpaid domestic work, cultural perceptions that male authorization is needed for loans, and inheritance laws that prevent women from owning collateral.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000097#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"BCP issued Africa's first gender bond via private placement, raising approximately USD 25 million to support the economic empowerment of low-income women through Attawfiq Micro-Finance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000097#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The gender bond facilitated 17,080 loans with an average value of USD 1,431 over a 24-month tenure, with 14,945 loans going to urban women and 2,135 to rural women; 31% of grantees were youth aged 18 to 35.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000097#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Attawfiq Micro-Finance provides non-financial capacity-building services alongside credit, including financial education, leadership workshops, women's fairs, and an entrepreneurs' network.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000097#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The growth of social bonds in Morocco is hindered by investors prioritizing yield over social impact, a lack of incentives and subsidies, and the burden of rigorous reporting and certification standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000097#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["microfinance","sustainable finance","environmental, social and corporate governance","gender equality"],"geography_discussed":["Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000101","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000101","title":"Africa Pensions Supervisors’ Network Programme","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Capital-Markets-Africa-Pensions-Supervisors-Network-Programme-Reviewed-by-JG.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The Africa Pensions Supervisors’ Network Programme (October 2021 – September 2025) addresses the fact that Africa’s pension assets are less than 1% of global assets and coverage is only 9.6%. The programme aims to encourage long-term retirement savings and create a regulatory environment that supports the investment of pension assets into the real sector to promote economic development and poverty reduction. Key activities include convening pension sector actors and supporting the annual Africa Pensions Supervisors Forum (APSF), including a 2022 event in Kigali and a subsequent Memorandum of Understanding between FSD Africa and APSF.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000101#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Africa's pension coverage is only 9.6%, and its pension assets account for less than 1% of global assets, which increases the risk of old age poverty for a significant portion of the elderly.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000101#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Ghana","Nigeria","Kigali"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"fsdafri-000118","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000118","title":"CIFAR WG Report Latest 1","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/CIFAR-Alliance-Fintech-for-Climate-Reslience.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This report by the CIFAR Alliance Investors Working Group explores how fintech innovations—specifically in data and digital infrastructure, online marketplaces, and insurtech—can scale climate resilience solutions for vulnerable communities in emerging markets. It presents 11 case studies of ventures that address both acute weather-related disasters and chronic long-term climate changes affecting livelihoods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000118#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Fintech is identified as a critical enabler for increasing the accessibility and affordability of climate resilience products for underserved, last-mile populations by utilizing digital payments, satellite data, and embedded finance infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000118#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The report categorizes climate resilience innovations into three fintech verticals: data and digital infrastructure, online marketplaces, and insurtech, which are used to combat both acute disasters (e.g., floods, hurricanes) and chronic changes (e.g., sea level rise, temperature increases).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000118#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Insurtech ventures are addressing the 'massive insurance gap' in emerging markets through parametric and index-based products. For example, Floodbase uses satellite data to provide high-resolution flood mapping (down to 30cm) in real-time, while Pula distributes insurance through partners in 17 countries across sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000118#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Digital marketplaces are being used to improve the livelihoods of small-scale producers by removing middlemen and increasing traceability. Abalobi in South Africa connects fishers directly to restaurants, and Aquarech in Kenya provides a marketplace for high-quality aquafeed and connects fish farmers to off-takers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000118#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Blockchain and Web3 technologies are being applied to standardize carbon removal monitoring and supply chain transparency. Open Forest Protocol (OFP) targets 10 million hectares for carbon credit management by 2030, and Top! provides a public, permissionless blockchain for verifying sustainable practices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000118#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Tech-enabled solutions are targeting waste management and land tenure to build resilience. Bekia in Cairo uses a digital wallet to incentivize waste recycling, while Meridia provides formal land titles to smallholder farmers to provide tenure security and unlock investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000118#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["climate adaptation","climate resilience","fintech","insurtech","agricultural technology","carbon markets","sustainable finance"],"geography_discussed":["Latin America","South Asia","South Africa","Kenya","Cairo","Nigeria","Republic of the Congo","Indonesia","India"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["Case Study","Investment Analysis"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000122","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000122","title":"Cost of sending from the UK to Africa money","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cost-of-sending-money-map-web-09.06.17.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The document provides a statistical overview of remittances from the UK to Africa, detailing the cost as a percentage of the amount sent, the size of the diaspora population in the UK, and the total annual amount of money sent for 16 African nations. Nigeria is the largest recipient by volume, with £2,363 million sent annually, while Tanzania has the highest cost of sending at 14%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000122#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Nigeria receives the highest volume of remittances from the UK, totaling £2,363 million annually, with a diaspora population of 216,268.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000122#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The cost of sending money as a percentage of the amount sent varies across African countries, with Tanzania being the most expensive at 14% and Kenya and Zimbabwe among the lowest at 7%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000122#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Other significant remittance flows from the UK include Ghana (£334 million), Kenya (£244 million), and Zimbabwe (£204 million).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000122#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","Ghana","The Gambia","Algeria","Mauritius","Uganda","Egypt","Somalia","Morocco","South Africa","Ethiopia","Tanzania","Kenya","Zimbabwe","Zambia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"fsdafri-000135","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000135","title":"ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL & GOVERNANCE (ESG) and IMPACT POLICY","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ESG-and-Impact-Policy.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines FSD Africa's commitment to integrating ES&I considerations into its financial operations to avoid harm and create positive development impact. It details a systems approach via an Environmental and Social Performance Management (ESPM) system, a gender-intentional lens for investing, and a comprehensive exclusion list for prohibited activities, including specific fossil fuel restrictions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000135#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The organization implements an Environmental and Social Performance Management (ESPM) system that incorporates screening criteria, risk assessments, due diligence, E&S action plans, and legal contracting clauses to manage risks and enhance performance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000135#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FSD Africa applies a gender-intentional strategy to promote the economic advancement of women through a Gender Lens Investing Framework for the Investments Pillar and a Gender Inclusive Framework for non-financial interventions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000135#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The policy mandates a strict Exclusion List of prohibited activities, including the production of weapons, munitions, and the destruction of High Conservation Value areas, as well as activities involving forced or harmful child labour.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000135#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific restrictions are placed on fossil fuel investments, prohibiting coal prospection, exploration, mining, oil exploration, oil refineries, and the construction of new coal-fired power plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000135#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FSD Africa aligns its ES&I approach with various international standards, including the IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability (2012), the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (2011), and the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000135#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","just transition","fossil-fuel divestment","sustainable finance","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Nairobi"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy document"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000136","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000136","title":"REPORTING STANDARDS FOR ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ESG-Final-Report-29.05.2019.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report assesses the alignment of Kenyan legislation and regulations with international ESG standards, specifically GRI and FTSE Russell. It identifies significant gaps in environmental areas such as protected area conservation and water footprint analysis, and in social areas including data protection and specific gender-sensitive training. While Kenyan law broadly aligns with international labour and human rights conventions, the report notes discrepancies in maternity leave duration and minimum employment age. In governance, it highlights a lack of mandatory requirements for board-level ESG risk training and detailed executive compensation ratios, recommending that companies adopt international best practices to attract investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There are significant gaps between international and local standards regarding protected areas, as Kenyan laws lack uniform standards for all protected areas and do not cover areas surrounding them.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Kenyan standards for water and effluents generally meet international requirements, but there is no mandatory requirement for companies to conduct water footprint analyses or implement voluntary collaboration with stakeholders in water-stressed sites.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While Kenya has regulations for GHG emissions, there are no specific local standards for setting GHG emission targets or monitoring progress toward those targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A discrepancy exists regarding the minimum age for employment; international standards stipulate a minimum of 15 years, whereas the Kenyan Employment Act provides for 13 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a contradiction in maternity leave duration, with international standards requiring at least 14 weeks while the Kenyan Employment Act provides for 3 months (approximately 12 weeks).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Kenya lacks comprehensive local legislation on customer data protection, although a Data Protection Bill was introduced to Parliament on 3 July 2018 to address this vacuum.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Kenyan law does not mandate that boards of directors be specifically trained in analysing and interpreting ESG risks, nor does it require a dedicated board-level committee for ESG issues.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While the Bribery Act 2016 requires procedures to prevent bribery, there is a lack of specific guidance for organisations on what these anti-corruption policies should include to meet international standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local standards for the protection of indigenous peoples are considered to satisfy international requirements because Kenya has ratified the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000136#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","greenhouse gas emissions","renewable energy","biodiversity conservation","water management","waste management","environmental impact assessment","environmental, social and corporate governance","human rights"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["gap analysis","regulatory review"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000138","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000138","title":"GRIT, SKILLS AND LUCK: EXAMINING THE FINANCIAL LIVES OF REFUGEES IN UGANDA","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/FI4R-Baseline-13072020ii_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the financial lives of refugees in Uganda, focusing on the settlements of Nakivale, Bidibidi, Palorinya, and the capital, Kampala. It highlights a significant shift from regular employment to self-employment, with the share of refugees in regular jobs dropping from 25% in their home countries to 6% in Uganda. The average monthly income for refugees is 160,000 UGX, with Kampala having the highest median (205,000 UGX) and Palorinya the lowest (90,417 UGX). The study notes a strong adoption of new financial tools, specifically mobile money (increasing from 7% to 30%) and Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations (ASCAs). Women have shown significant economic progress, with their median monthly earnings nearly tripling from 46,000 UGX to 130,000 UGX. The report also identifies critical vulnerabilities, such as the high cost of charcoal and limited access to medical care, with 20% of refugees unable to afford necessary doctors or medicine.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Refugees have experienced a sharp decline in regular employment since arriving in Uganda, with the share of those in regular jobs falling from 25% in their home countries to 6% in Uganda. This trend is most severe in Kampala, where 46% had regular jobs before leaving compared to only 7% now.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There has been a significant transition toward self-employment; 52% of refugees now support themselves through small independent businesses, compared to 32% in their countries of origin. The highest rates of small business ownership are found in Bidibidi (80%) and Kampala (57%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The average monthly income for refugees is 160,000 UGX, though this varies by location, ranging from 90,000 UGX in Palorinya to 205,000 UGX in Kampala. In Kampala, high incomes are partly driven by remittances, with 54% of refugees receiving an average of 180,000 UGX per month.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Charcoal is the most significant regular expense for refugees, costing an average of 40,000 UGX per month and accounting for nearly half of all regular expenditures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Refugees have rapidly adopted new financial instruments, with mobile money usage increasing from 7% in their countries of origin to 30% in Uganda. Additionally, 41% now use savings groups, with a strong preference for Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations (ASCAs) over Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women refugees have demonstrated substantial economic growth, with their median monthly earnings nearly tripling from 46,000 UGX to 130,000 UGX. The proportion of women employed outside the home rose from 55% in their country of origin to 82% in Uganda.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Refugees generally possess higher education levels than their host communities, with 36% of refugees having a secondary education or above compared to 21% of the host community. This is most prominent in Kampala, where 68% of refugees have a secondary education or above.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Access to healthcare remains a critical gap; 20% of refugees needed a doctor or medicine but were unable to obtain them, an event that occurred an average of six times per person in the past year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Refugees face specific risks related to digital finance, with 17% experiencing blocked SIM cards, resulting in an average loss of 30,000 UGX in mobile money.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["microfinance","poverty reduction"],"geography_discussed":["Kampala","Nakivale Refugee Settlement","Bidi Bidi Refugee Settlement","Palorinya Refugee Settlement","Democratic Republic of the Congo","South Sudan","Somalia","Burundi","Rwanda"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative survey","comparative analysis","baseline study"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000142","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000142","title":"BRITAM PAYS 300 TANA RIVER FAMILIES KSHS.15 MILLION FLOOD INSURANCE: THE FIRST EVER IN KENYA","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Flood-Risk-Investment-Institutional-story_Final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Britam Insurance Kenya, with support from FSD Africa, developed and piloted a flood insurance product in Tana River County to mitigate climate risks for vulnerable households. Following heavy rains between October and December 2023, 300 families received total payouts of Kshs. 47,000 each, totaling Kshs. 15 million. The pilot demonstrated a demand for such products, with over 70% of surveyed households in flood-prone areas expressing willingness to invest in insurance. Britam is now scaling the project in partnership with the Tana River County Government to reach 20,000 families and is exploring a separate proof of concept for urban flood risks in Kisumu.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000142#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between November 2023 and February 2024, 300 insured families in Tana River County received total payouts of Kshs. 47,000 each, totaling Kshs. 15 million. These payments were disbursed in four batches: Kshs. 12,100 in November, a similar amount in December, Kshs. 22,800 in February 2024, and Kshs. 3,000 in April 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000142#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A feasibility study conducted between 2022 and 2023 across Tana River, Kilifi, and Kisumu Counties found that more than 70% of respondents were willing to invest in flood insurance or compensation schemes, with nearly all willing to pay monthly premiums of up to Kshs. 500.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000142#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The pilot project was supported by Oxfam Kenya, which purchased a one-year policy cover for 300 families in September 2023. Due to subsidies, 75% of the benefiting families were headed by youth, persons with disability, or females.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000142#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Britam is scaling the initiative through a partnership with the Tana River County Government to enroll up to 20,000 families. The company also intends to develop a different proof of concept for Kisumu, as urban flood risks differ from those in Tana River.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000142#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To ensure the long-term sustainability of the insurance product, Britam advocates for an integrated approach combining insurance with physical risk reduction, such as dredging, constructing reservoirs, land-use planning, and resettling families away from rivers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000142#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["flood risk","climate change adaptation","climate finance","land-use planning","early warning system"],"geography_discussed":["Kilifi County","Kisumu"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000144","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000144","title":"FSD Africa Supplier Facing FAQs/Q&A","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/FSD-A_Supplier_Facing_FAQ_interactive_v1.1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags"],"summary":{"text":"FSD Africa's sustainable procurement framework prioritizes products and services with low environmental and ethical impacts and positive social results. The organization evaluates suppliers across four pillars: environmental (GHG emissions, energy efficiency, waste reduction), economic (Most Economically Advantageous Tender), social (equity, diversity, inclusion, and local economic development), and ethical (reduction of child labour, human trafficking, and labour exploitation). Rather than focusing solely on the lowest price, FSD Africa uses the Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) method to reward overall value, including sustainability. Suppliers are encouraged to provide specific evidence of their practices, such as ISO 14001 or Fair Trade certifications, though FSD Africa accepts suppliers at various stages of their sustainability journey, including small businesses without formal policies, provided they demonstrate transparency and intent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000144#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"FSD Africa defines sustainable procurement as prioritizing products and services that have the \"lowest environmental and ethical impact and the most positive social results,\" while maintaining \"best overall value.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000144#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization's sustainable procurement strategy is organized around four pillars: Environmental (focusing on \"GHG Emissions\", \"Energy Efficiency\", and \"Waste Reduction\"), Economic (utilizing the \"Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT)\"), Social (emphasizing \"Equity, Diversity & Inclusion\", \"Local economic development\", and \"Diverse suppliers\"), and Ethical (aiming for \"Reduced risk of child labour, human trafficking and labour exploitation\").","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000144#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FSD Africa employs the Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) evaluation method to identify bids offering the best overall value for money by considering \"quality, service and sustainability\" rather than awarding contracts \"purely on the lowest price.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000144#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Suppliers are encouraged to provide concrete evidence of sustainability efforts, such as \"certifications (e.g. Fair Trade, ISO 14001)\", \"sustainability reports\", or \"Internal sustainability policies\", and are advised to provide specific results, such as a \"paperless invoicing system that reduced our paper use by 40% in 2024.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000144#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable procurement","greenhouse gas emissions","energy efficiency"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]}]}