{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["Friends of the Earth International"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":1174,"relation":"eq"},"page":40,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=friends-of-the-earth-international&page=40","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=friends-of-the-earth-international&page=41","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"foei-001137","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001137","title":"Rattan Collector in the redd: australia’s carbon offset project in central kalimantan","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-12","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/REDD-report-2.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report critiques the Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership (KFCP), a bilateral agreement between Australia and Indonesia designed to pilot REDD carbon offsets. It argues that the project ignores indigenous land rights, fails to address the primary drivers of deforestation, and risks creating social conflict. The document further contends that market-based REDD mechanisms generally shift climate responsibility from rich to poor nations and are prone to 'leakage' and permanence issues.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001137#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership (KFCP) is designed as a pilot to demonstrate the feasibility of using REDD to produce low-cost carbon offsets for Australia and other polluters, rather than focusing on domestic emissions reductions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001137#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The KFCP project fails to recognize or guarantee the land tenure rights of local forest-dependent and indigenous communities, which has led to increased social tension and conflict in Central Kalimantan.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001137#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project is ecologically ineffective because it targets a small area (approximately 100,000 ha) while ignoring massive regional deforestation drivers, such as the planned expansion of 360,000 ha of palm oil concessions in the ex-Mega Rice Project area.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001137#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Evidence of 'carbon leakage' undermines the project's effectiveness, as palm oil firms have been found illegally clearing land in nearby zones that were supposed to be under a deforestation moratorium.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001137#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Market-based REDD is fundamentally flawed because it does not treat the underlying causes of climate change and relies on carbon sinks that are impermanent and vulnerable to fire, weather, and illegal logging.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001137#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Indonesian government's forest moratorium, established via a partnership with Norway, is described as a 'paper tiger' because it primarily protects forests already covered by existing laws and excludes secondary forests and existing concessions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001137#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation","carbon offset","deforestation","forest degradation","land tenure","indigenous rights","carbon leakage","carbon emission trading","climate finance","biodiversity","Free, Prior and Informed Consent"],"geography_discussed":["Australia","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","social impact assessment","environmental assessment"]},{"id":"foei-001148","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001148","title":"how corporations rule part 1: sasol and south africa’s climate policy","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2011-12","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sasol-Report-2.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the relationship between Sasol and the South African government, arguing that the company uses its position within the 'minerals-energy complex' to capture decision-making. It details Sasol's role in promoting carbon-intensive technologies like coal-to-liquid (CTL) and gas-to-liquids (GTL), its lobbying for carbon capture and storage (CCS), and its efforts to avoid legally binding global climate targets while positioning itself as an environmental leader.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001148#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Sasol is a global leader in coal-to-liquid (CTL) technology, which is described as the most carbon-intensive method for producing petrol and diesel. Its Secunda plant is identified as the single largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the world.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001148#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The company maintains a tight relationship with the South African state, operating as part of the 'minerals-energy complex' (MEC). This network of private mining companies, state-owned corporations, and government departments has shaped the country's development since the 19th century.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001148#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sasol's direct carbon dioxide emissions for its South African operations totaled 52.9 million tons for the year ending June 2011, representing 11% of the country's total greenhouse gas emissions. Including indirect emissions from electricity, this figure rose to 61.7 million tons.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001148#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sasol has influenced national energy policy by secretly advising the Department of Energy on electricity use plans in 2010 and co-launching the South African Coal Roadmap to expand the coal industry and defend it from environmental criticism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001148#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The company promotes 'false solutions' globally by advocating for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and 'clean coal'. Sasol's influence led to CCS being recognized as a possible technology for the Clean Development Mechanism at the UN climate talks in Cancún.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001148#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sasol has actively opposed the establishment of legally binding global climate targets, with its former chief executive stating that the impacts of climate change should be fully understood before such targets are set.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001148#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sasol is expanding into gas-to-liquids (GTL) and shale gas extraction via fracking, including a planned plant on a Canadian shale gas field and exploration rights within South Africa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001148#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon capture and storage","greenhouse gas emissions","hydraulic fracturing","clean development mechanism","energy security","climate policy","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","Sasolburg","Secunda"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"foei-001149","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001149","title":"cómo gobiernan las grandes empresas parte 1: sasol y la política climática de sudáfrica","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"case study","language":"es","date_published":"2011-12","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sasol-Report-for-web-Spanish.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines Sasol, a global leader in coal-to-liquid (CTL) technology, and its systemic influence over South African energy policy. It details how Sasol's integration into the 'minerals and energy complex' (MEC) and its presence in official government delegations to UN climate negotiations allow it to promote 'false solutions' like carbon capture and storage (CCS) while opposing legally binding climate agreements. The report also highlights Sasol's expansion into shale gas in Canada and South Africa, and its role as a major emitter of greenhouse gases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001149#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Sasol is a global leader in coal-to-liquid (CTL) technology, which is identified as the most carbon-intensive method for producing gasoline and diesel. Its Secunda plant is noted as the single largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the world.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001149#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The company maintains an exceptionally close relationship with the South African government, with Sasol officials included in the official national delegation to UN climate negotiations in Durban. Furthermore, the state-owned Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) is Sasol's largest shareholder.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001149#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sasol exerts significant influence over national energy planning through its membership in the 'minerals and energy complex' (MEC). The company secretly advised the Department of Energy on electricity use plans and co-published a 'Coal Roadmap for South Africa' to expand the coal industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001149#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sasol promotes specific commercial opportunities it labels as climate solutions, specifically 'clean coal' and carbon capture and storage (CCS). It has lobbied for CCS to be recognized as an appropriate technology for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) during UN negotiations in Cancun.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001149#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The company's direct carbon dioxide emissions from South African operations totaled 52.9 million tonnes for the year ending June 2011, representing 11% of South Africa's total greenhouse gas emissions. Including indirect emissions from electricity, this figure rises to 61.7 million tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001149#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sasol is expanding into gas-to-liquids (GTL) and shale gas, including plans for a conversion plant in Canada. The document notes that the hydraulic fracturing required for this is toxic, energy-intensive, and prone to methane leaks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001149#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sasol's leadership has expressed opposition to legally binding global climate agreements, arguing that the impacts of climate change must be fully understood before setting hard targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001149#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon capture and storage","greenhouse gas emissions","shale gas","hydraulic fracturing","clean development mechanism","climate policy","energy transition"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","Sasolburg","Secunda"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"foei-001097","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001097","title":"memory, truth and justice for heroes in the resistance against mining oil and gas","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-11","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/memory-truth-justice-for-heroes-eng.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This report by Friends of the Earth International highlights the 'ecological war' waged by extractive industries, detailing the deaths and repression of activists in countries such as Nigeria, the Philippines, and Colombia. It argues that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a myth used to mask systemic abuses and calls for an end to fossil fuel addiction and the protection of indigenous territories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The report identifies a pattern of 'ecological war' where extractive industries cause severe environmental degradation and human rights abuses, often with the collusion of state security forces.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Nigeria, Shell's operations in Ogoniland led to massive oil spills and gas flares, contributing to a drop in life expectancy to 41 years in the Niger Delta.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report documents the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other Ogoni leaders in 1995, noting that Shell later agreed to a US$15.5 million out-of-court settlement with the victims' families in 2009.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Papua New Guinea, the Porgera gold mine operated by Barrick Gold has been linked to systemic human rights abuses, including gang rapes by security guards and the burning of villages during 'Operation Ipili '09'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report describes the impact of oil sands extraction in Northern Alberta, Canada, as a 'form of genocide' due to the destruction of boreal forests and high rates of rare cancers in the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nations community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Philippines, anti-mining activists have faced extrajudicial killings, including the 2010 shooting of Gensun Agustin and the 2007 killing of Provincial Councilor Armin Marin.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report argues that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a 'myth' and a 'propaganda' tool used by corporations to distract from ethical failures and avoid binding international regulation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Tanzania, a toxic spill from Barrick Gold's North Mara mine in May 2009 allegedly killed up to 20 people and between 700 and 1,000 livestock.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report highlights the criminalization of resistance in Indonesia, where 17 community members of Talaga Raya were detained for protesting a nickel mine under a law that penalizes those who 'hinder or disturb mining activity'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Colombia, the report notes that trade unionists in the extractives industry have been killed at a rate of one every three days over a 23-year period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001097#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["mining","petroleum industry","fossil fuel","oil sands","human rights","indigenous rights","climate change","biodiversity loss","deforestation","water pollution","environmental justice"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","Philippines","Colombia","Canada","Papua New Guinea","Guatemala","El Salvador","Mexico","Indonesia","Uganda","Chile","Argentina","Kyrgyzstan","Tanzania","Mongolia","Australia","Bulgaria"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","human rights report","advocacy document"]},{"id":"foei-000516","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000516","title":"community rights, corporate wrongs","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-10","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/community-rights.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) documents global campaigns where local and Indigenous communities use collective rights to oppose corporate-led extractive and agricultural projects. The report highlights legal battles against dams in Malaysia and oil pollution in Nigeria, resistance to tar sands in North America, and the promotion of community-based forest governance and food sovereignty in regions such as Indonesia, Cameroon, and Latin America.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In Sarawak, Malaysia, Indigenous communities have used legal processes to defend native customary rights (NCR) against the 2,400-megawatt Bakun dam project, which displaced thousands of people and flooded an area roughly the size of Singapore.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Subanon Indigenous communities in Bayog, Philippines, have successfully halted a mining concession and associated militarisation by electing leaders to barangay (village) positions to better engage with legal frameworks like the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (IPRA).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sustained campaigning and a court ruling in Costa Rica led to the repeal of a gold mining concession granted to Industrias Infinito, S.A., and the subsequent passage of a November 2010 parliamentary bill banning open pit metal mining nationwide.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Nigeria's Niger Delta, communities have used legal action to hold Shell accountable for environmental destruction and human rights abuses, including a 2009 out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million for victims in Ogoniland.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Resistance to the Keystone XL pipeline in the US and Canada is driven by concerns over the environmental impact of tar sands extraction, which has been linked to high cancer rates in downstream communities like Fort Chipewyan, Alberta.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Indonesia, Indigenous Dayak communities in Kalimantan face displacement and deforestation driven by oil palm and pulp plantations, with approximately 83% of Central Kalimantan earmarked for conversion or destruction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Bagyeli Indigenous communities in Cameroon have used participatory mapping with GPS technology to secure rights to hunt and gather within the Campo Ma’an National Park and to resist the expansion of rubber and palm oil plantations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food sovereignty is being promoted through the recovery of native seeds in Uruguay via the Native Seeds Network and the establishment of peasant ecological markets in Colombia to bypass transnational corporate food systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Opposition to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has led to bans on specific products like MON 810 maize and Amflora potato in several European countries, including France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Luxembourg.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000516#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["indigenous rights","mining","hydropower","oil sands","renewable energy","energy efficiency","deforestation","Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation","GMO","sustainable agriculture"],"geography_discussed":["Malaysia","Philippines","Costa Rica","Nigeria","Canada","United States","Indonesia","France","Colombia","Uruguay","India","Brazil","Argentina"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","policy advocacy"]},{"id":"foei-000531","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000531","title":"derechos comunitarios, injusticias empresariales","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2011-10","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/derechos-comunitarios.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines various international efforts to protect the ancestral and collective rights of local communities and Indigenous Peoples. It highlights resistance against large-scale industrial projects, such as the Bakun dam in Malaysia, mining in the Philippines and Costa Rica, and oil sands extraction in Canada and the US. The report also discusses community-based forest governance in Indonesia and Cameroon, the promotion of food sovereignty through local markets in Colombia and seed banks in Uruguay, and the fight against genetically modified organisms (GMOs) globally. It argues that community rights serve as a legal and social tool to resist corporate dominance and transition toward environmentally sustainable and socially just societies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In Sarawak, Malaysia, the 2400 megawatt Bakun dam project on the Balui River has displaced thousands of Indigenous people and caused extensive tropical forest logging, with the reservoir flooding an area approximately the size of Singapore.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Subanon Indigenous communities in Bayog, Mindanao, Philippines, have used political engagement and the 'Free, Prior and Informed Consent' (FPIC) framework to oppose mining concessions and the militarization of their ancestral lands.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Persistent campaigns and public opposition in Costa Rica led to a November 2010 law prohibiting open-pit metal mining nationwide, following the annulment of a gold mining concession granted to Industrias Infinito SA.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Nigeria's Ogoniland, Shell has faced decades of resistance due to environmental destruction and human rights violations; this resulted in a 2009 out-of-court settlement of 15.5 million dollars for victims and ongoing legal battles in Dutch courts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The extraction of oil sands in Alberta, Canada, involves deforestation and the use of vast amounts of fresh water and natural gas, creating toxic tailings ponds that leak 11 million liters of toxic waste daily into the Athabasca River basin.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proposed Keystone XL pipeline would transport 900,000 barrels of oil daily from Alberta to Texas, potentially threatening the Ogallala Aquifer, which provides drinking water to two million Americans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesia is the world's third largest emitter of greenhouse gases, with up to 84% of its national emissions resulting from deforestation and land-use changes, largely driven by industrial oil palm and monoculture tree plantations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Cameroon, the Bagyeli people were displaced to create the Campo Ma’an National Park; however, participatory mapping has helped them negotiate rights to continue traditional hunting and gathering within the park's limits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food sovereignty is being promoted through initiatives such as ecological peasant markets in Colombia and the creation of a native seed bank in Uruguay involving approximately 120 producers by 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Opposition to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has led to the prohibition of Monsanto's MON 810 maize in France, Germany, Austria, Greece, Hungary, and Luxembourg, and a commercial moratorium on Bt eggplant in India since February 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000531#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["indigenous people","deforestation","greenhouse gas emissions","oil sands","renewable energy","GMO","environmental justice","biodiversity","land tenure"],"geography_discussed":["Malaysia","Philippines","Costa Rica","Nigeria","Canada","United States","Indonesia","Cameroon","France","Colombia","Uruguay"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","policy analysis"]},{"id":"foei-000557","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000557","title":"Factsheet The UNEP pollution research project in Ogoniland and its political importance","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2011-08-04","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Factsheet-UNEP-research-project-in-Ogoniland.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details a 2010 UNEP study aimed at mapping oil pollution in Ogoniland, Nigeria, to facilitate a clean-up plan. It highlights the historical conflict between the Ogoni people and Shell, the political tensions surrounding the study's publication, and the broader need for environmental remediation across the Niger Delta, calling for the home governments of international oil companies to provide expertise and pressure for regulation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000557#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The UNEP initiated a study in 2010 to map all polluted sites in Ogoniland to create a basis for a clean-up plan, with the project funded by Shell and reporting to the Nigerian Government.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000557#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ogoniland has experienced a total cessation of oil production since 1993 after the Ogoni people forced Shell to leave the region following protests against pollution and lack of social development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000557#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local populations express skepticism toward clean-up efforts due to a history of unfulfilled promises, corruption, and a lack of independent institutions to monitor the process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000557#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental degradation in the Niger Delta has severely impacted the livelihoods of the Ogoni people, who are traditionally farmers and fishermen, leaving many unable to generate income or access clean drinking water.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000557#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document asserts that the home countries of international oil companies—specifically the UK and Netherlands for Shell, France for Total, Italy for ENI, and the USA for Exxon—have a responsibility to support the Nigerian Government in regulating these companies and managing pollution.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000557#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["environmental remediation","petroleum industry","water pollution","land degradation","environmental regulation"],"geography_discussed":["Niger Delta","Port Harcourt","Bonny Island","United Kingdom","Netherlands","France","Italy","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","environmental assessment"]},{"id":"foei-000597","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000597","title":"for the land that feeds us","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-07","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/for-the-land-that-feed-us.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report presents a series of case studies from FOE member groups in Nigeria, Uganda, Indonesia, Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, the United States, Guatemala, and Switzerland. It highlights the conflict between industrial agricultural models—characterized by monocultures, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and land grabbing—and community-led efforts to maintain agroecological practices, preserve native seeds, and secure land rights. The document argues that food sovereignty is inextricably linked to the protection of forests and biodiversity, and it showcases various strategies for resistance, including community-based conservation, the creation of alternative markets, and legal initiatives to prevent urban sprawl and industrial land use.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In Nigeria, the acquisition of over 3,500 hectares of the Iguobazuwa forest reserve by the French company Michelin for rubber plantations led to increased hunger, malnutrition, and forced migration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The BIDCO oil palm plantation on Bugala island in Uganda caused extensive deforestation and water depletion, resulting in the loss of clean water and traditional forest products for local communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesia has experienced massive tropical forest loss, with 72% of its natural forest gone by the start of the 21st century, while government conservation efforts are criticized for treating natural goods as static resources and excluding indigenous management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Argentina's Misiones Province, industrial monocultures of tobacco and pine have driven deforestation and displaced peasant and indigenous communities, leading to a decline in food sovereignty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Agrovida association in Colombia's García Rovira Province has revitalized the cultivation of over 100 varieties of potato, 40 varieties of broad bean, and 30 varieties of kidney bean to resist the homogenization of tastes caused by conventional markets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Costa Rica, the Sonafluca settlement serves as a successful model of community forest management, protecting the Dendrobates Biological Reserve and integrating agroforestry systems for family consumption and national markets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Los Cuzcatlecos group in El Salvador protects 'criolla' seeds in biodiversity sanctuaries to resist the introduction of transgenics and the influence of agribusiness corporations like Monsanto.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"US agriculture is characterized by extreme concentration, with the top four seed companies controlling 43% of the seed market and Monsanto controlling 60% of corn and 62.5% of soybean seeds and traits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Guatemala, the 'Por Venir' ranch demonstrates the impact of diversifying parcels with organic compost and traditional seeds to ensure food sovereignty and soil protection.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FOE Switzerland has launched a 'people's initiative' to combat urban sprawl and preserve agricultural land exclusively for food production, noting that Switzerland's food self-sufficiency is just over 50%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000597#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity","agroecology","deforestation","GMO","land grabbing","climate change","Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation","environmental racism"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","Uganda","Indonesia","Argentina","Colombia","Costa Rica","El Salvador","United States","Guatemala","Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","policy analysis"]},{"id":"foei-000672","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000672","title":"por la tierra que nos alimenta bosques y biodiversidad & soberanía alimentaria","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2011-07","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/por-la-tierra-que-nos-alimenta.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This report by Friends of the Earth International compiles experiences from Nigeria, Uganda, Indonesia, Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, the USA, Guatemala, and Switzerland. It argues that food sovereignty is inseparable from the protection of biodiversity and forests, and it documents how local communities—including indigenous peoples and peasant farmers—resist monocultures, land grabbing, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) through agroecology, seed conservation, and community-based land management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In Nigeria, the French company Michelin leased over 3,500 hectares of the Iguobazuwa forest reserve for rubber plantations, leading to increased hunger, malnutrition, poverty, and forced migration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Uganda, the BIDCO oil palm project on Bugala Island has caused deforestation, water depletion, and the displacement of communities, with the government granting formal land tenure to the company rather than the local population.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesia has experienced massive tropical rainforest loss, with approximately 60 to 80 million people depending on these forests for food, medicine, and shelter.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Misiones, Argentina, the expansion of industrial monocultures of tobacco and pine has caused native forest deforestation and the loss of food sovereignty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Agrovida association in Colombia's García Rovira province has recovered over 100 varieties of potato, 40 of fava bean, and 30 of common bean to diversify in situ seed banks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Costa Rica, the Sonafluca settlement manages a 146-hectare community forest known as the 'Reserva Biológica Dendrobates,' which protects endangered species like the Manu and Tostao trees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"El Salvador is highly vulnerable to climate change, with 88.7% of its territory susceptible to natural disasters, and faces a food crisis exacerbated by policies favoring cereal imports and the use of chemical inputs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the United States, agricultural diversity has declined sharply, with the average number of varieties per farm dropping from about five in 1900 to one today.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Switzerland faces high rates of species extinction and habitat fragmentation due to urban expansion and industrial agriculture, with food self-sufficiency at just over 50%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000672#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity","deforestation","agroecology","GMO","land grabbing","climate crisis","environmental racism"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","Uganda","Indonesia","Argentina","Colombia","Costa Rica","El Salvador","United States","Guatemala","Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","community report"]},{"id":"foei-000674","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000674","title":"pour la terre qui nous nourrit","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2011-07","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/pour-la-terre-qui-nous-nourrit.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document presents a collection of case studies from Friends of the Earth International member groups, highlighting the intrinsic link between biodiversity and food sovereignty. It examines the negative impacts of industrial monocultures, land grabbing, and genetic modification in countries such as Nigeria, Uganda, Indonesia, Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, the USA, Guatemala, and Switzerland. Each case study emphasizes the role of local and indigenous knowledge, the importance of seed saving, and the necessity of community-led land management to resist corporate-driven agricultural systems and environmental degradation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In Nigeria, the acquisition of over 3,500 hectares of the Iguobazuwa natural forest reserve by the French company Michelin for rubber plantations has led to increased hunger, malnutrition, poverty, and forced emigration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The BIDCO oil palm project on Bugala Island in Uganda has caused significant deforestation and water reserve depletion, leading to the loss of potable water and medicinal plants for local communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Indonesia, conservation efforts have sometimes been used as a pretext for 'green grabbing,' where local fishing communities are displaced from traditional areas to make way for international conservation organizations and luxury developments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Misiones, Argentina, industrial monocultures of tobacco and pine have caused the destruction of original forests and the displacement of peasant and indigenous communities from ancestral territories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Agrovida association in Colombia's García Rovira Province has successfully recovered over 100 varieties of potatoes, 40 types of beans, and 30 types of dry beans to diversify in situ seed banks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Costa Rica, the Sonafluca peasant settlement manages a 146-hectare community forest known as the 'Dendrobates Biological Reserve,' which protects endangered trees like the Manu and Tostado.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"El Salvador faces a severe food crisis driven by public policies favoring cereal imports and the massive use of chemicals like glyphosate, which has led to genetic erosion and biodiversity loss.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the United States, agricultural diversity has declined sharply, with the average number of varieties grown per farm dropping from five in 1990 to only one currently.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The US agricultural system is heavily dominated by a few seed companies; four main firms control 43% of the US market and 50% of intellectual property rights, mostly for genetically modified seeds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Switzerland, urban expansion and the industrialization of agriculture are threatening traditional landscapes and causing a high rate of species extinction, with 30% of constructions occurring outside authorized zones.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000674#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity","agroecology","land grabbing","GMO","deforestation","climate change","environmental racism","Sustainable land management","biofuel"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","Uganda","Indonesia","Argentina","Colombia","Costa Rica","El Salvador","United States","Guatemala","Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","policy analysis","community report"]},{"id":"foei-001089","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001089","title":"les femmes et la souverainete alimentaire : les voix des femmes rurales du sud","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2011-07","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/les-femmes-et-la-souverainete-alimentaire.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that the dominant agro-industrial model, driven by profit and export, marginalizes rural women by ignoring their role in social reproduction and denying them land rights. Through testimonies from the Global South, it illustrates how corporate land grabbing and state complicity lead to economic displacement and environmental degradation. In response, rural women are organizing through movements like La Via Campesina to promote food sovereignty, preserve ancestral seeds, and implement agro-ecological alternatives to ensure the sustainability of life and biodiversity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001089#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Rural women face systemic gender inequality, including a lack of fundamental rights, sexual and gender-based violence, and economic discrimination, with their essential contributions to food production and social reproduction often remaining invisible or unpaid.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001089#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Land access is a critical barrier for rural women, as traditional and modern laws often favor male ownership, and government policies frequently marginalize women's access to land and agricultural credit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001089#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Corporate land grabbing by mining and agro-industrial firms, often with state complicity, destroys the livelihoods and cultural ties of rural women, as seen in cases involving Michelin in Nigeria and oil palm plantations in Indonesia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001089#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Rural women act as guardians of biodiversity and ancestral knowledge, resisting the capitalist model by preserving indigenous seeds and employing sustainable agro-ecological methods to ensure community food security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001089#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity","agroecology","land grabbing","extractive industry","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["El Salvador","Uruguay","Nigeria","Indonesia","Colombia","Uganda","Honduras","Costa Rica","Argentina","Bolivia","Guatemala","Brazil","Ecuador"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","testimony"]},{"id":"foei-001189","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001189","title":"women and food sovereignty: voices of rural women of the south","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-07","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/women-food-sovereignty-updated.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that rural women in the Global South face severe gender-based inequality, including restricted land access and economic exploitation, which is exacerbated by a corporate-led agribusiness model. It highlights how this model causes environmental destruction and social displacement, disproportionately affecting women who are often the primary preservers of biodiversity and traditional seeds. Through testimonies from regions such as Nigeria, Indonesia, and Latin America, the report details the 'work overload' women face as they manage both social reproduction and agricultural production, often without recognition or fair pay. It advocates for 'food sovereignty'—the right of peoples to control their own seeds, lands, and food production—as a political and practical alternative to the industrial model. The report concludes that rural women are leading resistance through agro-ecological practices, political self-organisation, and the preservation of ancestral knowledge to ensure the sustainability of human life.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001189#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The corporate-led agribusiness model prioritizes international export markets and profit, resulting in significant environmental costs such as greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution, as well as social costs including the displacement of peasants, Indigenous Peoples, and pastoralists.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001189#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Rural women face systemic gender inequality regarding land ownership and tenure, with laws and policies often favoring male ownership or requiring husbands' consent for women to acquire land.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001189#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in the rural sector experience significant economic discrimination, including lower wages than men and a lack of recognition for their essential roles in social reproduction and biodiversity preservation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001189#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Land grabbing by transnational mining and agribusiness companies severely impacts women's livelihoods, as seen in Nigeria with rubber plantations and in Indonesia with oil palm monocultures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001189#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food sovereignty is defined as the right of peoples to control their own seeds, lands, water, and food production through methods in harmony with Mother Earth and local cultural contexts, contrasting with the neoliberal 'food security' model.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001189#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Rural women employ resistance strategies including the recovery of ancestral seeds, the use of agro-ecological practices, and the formation of political networks to combat isolation and defend their rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001189#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity","agroecology","land grabbing","extractive industry","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","El Salvador","Uruguay","Indonesia","Colombia","Uganda","Honduras","Argentina","Bolivia","Guatemala","Brazil","Peru","Costa Rica"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["qualitative","testimonial"]},{"id":"foei-000450","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000450","title":"friends of the earth international at 40","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-06","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/10-foei-at-40-lr.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) is a global federation of 76 autonomous environmental groups with over 2 million members. Founded in 1971, the organization has evolved from a small group of activists into a decentralized network that prioritizes environmental and social justice. FoEI's current strategy, 'mobilise, resist, transform', focuses on challenging the neoliberal economic model, which it identifies as the driver of climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion. The federation advocates for key concepts such as 'environmental space', 'ecological debt', and 'food sovereignty' to create sustainable societies. Its work spans several core areas, including climate and energy justice, forest protection, food sovereignty, and resisting extractive industries like mining, oil, and gas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000450#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"FoEI has grown into a global federation consisting of 76 national member groups with more than 2 million members and supporters, the majority of which are located in the Global South.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000450#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization identifies the neoliberal economic model as the primary driver of current global crises, including the collapse of ecosystems, climate change, and the pollution of land and water by extractive industries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000450#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FoEI promotes several key political and transformational concepts to guide its strategy: 'environmental space' (equal rights to resource consumption within planetary limits), 'ecological debt' (the debt owed by industrialised nations to the Global South), and 'food sovereignty' (the right of peoples to define their own food and agriculture systems).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000450#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the area of climate and energy, FoEI advocates for 'climate justice', which requires those responsible for the crisis to mitigate it and provide reparations for the Global North's 'climate debt'. The organization explicitly rejects 'false solutions' such as carbon trading, offsetting, 'clean' coal, gas, nuclear power, and large hydropower.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000450#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FoEI's forest and biodiversity work focuses on stopping deforestation driven by demand for timber, meat, and agrofuels, while promoting community forest governance and the rights of Indigenous Peoples.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000450#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization campaigns against the industrial food system and GMOs, supporting small-scale peasant and family farmers to regain control over seeds and territories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000450#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FoEI works to resist extractive industries, specifically oil, gas, and mining, by supporting local communities in rejecting projects that cause environmental disasters and human rights violations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000450#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate justice","energy transition","biodiversity","deforestation","extractive industry","nuclear power","carbon offset","human rights","indigenous rights"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden","France","United Kingdom","United States","Brazil","Malaysia","Honduras","Netherlands","South Korea","Uganda","Nigeria","Argentina","Costa Rica","Australia","Guatemala"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["organizational review","strategic framework"]},{"id":"foei-000452","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000452","title":"mobiliser, resister, transformer international à 40 ans","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2011-06","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/13-foei-at-40-french-lr.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines the 40-year history and strategic framework of Friends of the Earth International (FoEI), a global federation of 76 member groups. It argues that environmental destruction, poverty, and human rights violations are systemic issues rooted in a neoliberal economic model. FoEI's approach focuses on 'mobilizing, resisting, and transforming' through key concepts such as climate justice, ecological debt, and food sovereignty. The report details specific campaigns against extractive industries, GMOs, and deforestation, while highlighting the role of grassroots activism and international solidarity in achieving policy changes and protecting indigenous rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000452#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"FoEI has evolved from a small group of activists from France, Sweden, the UK, and the US into a global federation with 76 member organizations and over two million supporters worldwide.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000452#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization identifies the neoliberal economic model as the primary driver of current environmental and social crises, arguing that it prioritizes corporate profit and overconsumption over ecological safeguards and human rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000452#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FoEI utilizes several core political concepts to frame its advocacy: 'environmental space' (equitable resource consumption), 'ecological debt' (the debt of industrialized North nations to the South), 'food sovereignty' (the right of peoples to define their own food systems), and 'climate justice' (equitable resource sharing and accountability for those who caused the climate crisis).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000452#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The federation actively opposes 'false solutions' to the climate crisis that are market-based or potentially dangerous, specifically citing clean coal, nuclear energy, biofuels, carbon trading, large hydroelectric dams, and carbon capture and storage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000452#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FoEI's campaigns have targeted specific multinational corporations for environmental and human rights abuses, including Shell, Rio Tinto, Monsanto, and ArcelorMittal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000452#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization has achieved significant policy and legal successes, including a de facto moratorium on new GMOs in Europe since 1998, the 2008 Climate Change Act in the UK, and the prohibition of metal extraction in Costa Rica.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000452#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate justice","energy transition","deforestation","biodiversity","nuclear power","biofuel","carbon capture and storage","extractive industry"],"geography_discussed":["Honduras","Netherlands","South Korea","Uganda","Sweden","Brazil","Costa Rica","United Kingdom","Nigeria"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["organizational review","strategic framework","policy advocacy"]},{"id":"foei-000454","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000454","title":"movilizar, resistir, transformar","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2011-06","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/14-foei-at-40-spanish-lr.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) marks 40 years as a global federation of 76 member groups and over 2 million collaborators. The organization advocates for environmental and social justice by opposing neoliberal economic models and 'false solutions' to the climate crisis. Its strategic framework focuses on three pillars: mobilizing public support, resisting the root causes of environmental degradation, and transforming societies through concepts like ecological debt, food sovereignty, and climate justice. FoEI's work spans diverse sectors, including opposing industrial mining and fossil fuels, protecting biodiversity and forests, and promoting sustainable, local food systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000454#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"FoEI has evolved from a small group of activists from France, Sweden, the UK, and the US into a global federation with 76 national member groups and more than 2 million members and collaborators worldwide.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000454#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization identifies the predominant neoliberal economic model as a primary driver of environmental and social crises, arguing that it benefits wealthy elites while impoverishing the poor and enabling the usurpation of natural resources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000454#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FoEI rejects 'false solutions' to the climate crisis, specifically citing carbon trading, emission offsets, 'clean' coal, nuclear energy, gas, biofuels, large hydroelectric dams, and carbon capture and storage technologies as ineffective or inequitable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000454#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization promotes several key political and conceptual frameworks for transformation: 'environmental space' (equitable resource consumption), 'ecological debt' (industrialized North's debt to the South), 'food sovereignty' (right to sustainable, local food systems), and 'climate justice' (equitable resource sharing and historical responsibility for emissions).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000454#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"FoEI has achieved specific policy and legal victories, including the 1982 International Whaling Commission moratorium on commercial whaling, a de facto moratorium on new GMOs in Europe in 1998, and the 2012 EU ban on illegal timber imports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000454#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization actively opposes the extractives industry, citing the role of the World Bank in pressuring developing nations to allow mining and fossil fuel extraction, which often leads to human rights violations and environmental disasters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000454#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate justice","energy transition","biodiversity","deforestation","nuclear power","fossil fuel","biofuel","carbon capture and storage","mining"],"geography_discussed":["Honduras","Netherlands","South Korea","Uganda","Nigeria","Argentina","Costa Rica"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["organizational review","strategic framework"]},{"id":"foei-000892","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000892","title":"banco mundial: catalizador del cambio climático devastador","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2011-06","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/catalizador-del-cambioclimatico-devastador.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report criticizes the World Bank for its continued investment in 'dirty energy' and its leadership in expanding carbon markets. It highlights specific projects, such as the Medupi coal plant in South Africa and the Nam Theun 2 dam in Laos, as evidence of environmental and social harm. The document further contends that the Bank's promotion of REDD and carbon offsets leads to the privatization of forests and the marginalization of indigenous rights, while its role as an interim trustee for the Green Climate Fund is viewed as undemocratic and conflicted.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000892#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The World Bank's energy investments are heavily skewed toward fossil fuels and large dams, which together represent approximately two-thirds of its total energy investments, significantly outweighing its support for renewable energy and energy efficiency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000892#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In 2010, the World Bank reached a record in fossil fuel financing with $6.6 billion in credits, a 116% increase from 2009, with $4.4 billion specifically invested in coal-related projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000892#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank provided a $3.75 billion loan for the Medupi coal-fired power plant in South Africa, which is expected to emit approximately 25 million tons of CO2 annually and may increase energy prices for the poor.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000892#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Nam Theun 2 dam project in Laos, financed by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank, has displaced 6,200 indigenous people and negatively impacted over 110,000 downstream residents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000892#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank manages 12 Carbon Funds with total capital exceeding $2.5 billion, which the report claims primarily serve the interests of industrialized nations seeking to meet Kyoto Protocol targets through offsets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000892#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank's Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) is criticized for promoting REDD mechanisms that ignore customary land rights and the principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent, particularly in Peru and Costa Rica.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000892#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank's role as the interim trustee for the Green Climate Fund is contested by developing countries and civil society due to concerns over democratic accountability and potential conflicts of interest.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000892#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal power","carbon emission trading","carbon offset","Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation","climate finance","Green Climate Fund","bioenergy","clean development mechanism","indigenous rights","energy transition","carbon capture and storage"],"geography_discussed":["South Africa","India","Laos","Brazil","Peru","Paraguay","Costa Rica","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","case study","institutional critique"]},{"id":"foei-000969","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000969","title":"world bank: catalysing catastrophic climate change","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-06","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/FINAL-WB-CLIMATE-FINANCE-JUNE-2011.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report criticizes the World Bank for its continued funding of coal-fired power plants and large hydropower projects, which it claims lock developing nations into high-carbon futures and cause significant social and environmental harm. It specifically highlights the Medupi plant in South Africa and the Tata Mundra plant in India as examples of 'dirty energy' investment. The document also attacks the Bank's role in expanding carbon markets and REDD schemes, arguing that these mechanisms privatize forests, marginalize Indigenous peoples, and allow rich nations to avoid real emission cuts. Finally, it expresses concern over the Bank's role as the interim trustee of the Green Climate Fund, citing a lack of democratic accountability and a poor track record on social justice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000969#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The World Bank continues to finance coal-fired power plants, with fossil fuel funding reaching a record US$6.6 billion in 2010, of which US$4.4 billion was invested in coal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000969#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank provided a US$3.75 billion loan for the Medupi coal-fired plant in South Africa, which is expected to emit 25 million tons of CO2 annually and primarily serve industrial users rather than the poor.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000969#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The International Finance Corporation (IFC) invested US$450 million in the Tata Mundra coal-fired power plant in India, which is estimated to emit 25.7 million tons of CO2 annually for at least 25 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000969#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Large hydropower projects funded by the Bank, such as the Nam Theun 2 dam in Laos, have caused significant displacement and environmental damage, displacing 6,200 Indigenous Peoples and affecting over 110,000 people downstream.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000969#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank's Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) is criticized for promoting market-based REDD without protecting community rights, specifically marginalizing Indigenous peoples in Peru and ignoring dissent in Costa Rica.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000969#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank's Umbrella Carbon Facility invested in HFC-23 incineration projects in China that are described as a 'scam' because they generate huge profits for corporations by producing a potent greenhouse gas just to destroy it for credits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000969#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank's use of loans instead of grants for climate finance, particularly through the Climate Investment Funds (CIFs), risks increasing the debt burden of poor countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000969#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank was appointed as the interim trustee of the Green Climate Fund following the Cancun talks, a move opposed by many developing countries and civil society due to the Bank's undemocratic nature.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000969#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal-fired power station","carbon offset","Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation","climate finance","Green Climate Fund","bioenergy","carbon capture and storage","indigenous rights","energy access"],"geography_discussed":["South Africa","India","Laos","Peru","Costa Rica","Paraguay","People's Republic of China","Brazil"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","case study","institutional critique"]},{"id":"foei-000952","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000952","title":"erratum to the annual report royal dutch shell plc annual report for the year ended december 31, 2010","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-05","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Erratum-Shell-2010-LR_def.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document presents a satirical or corrective 'erratum' to Shell's 2010 annual report, detailing systemic failures in environmental protection and human rights. It lists specific cases of pollution in Nigeria, Curaçao, and Canada, labour abuses in Brazil, and the risks of high-volume fracking. The report proposes a set of 'Key Performance Indicators' for 2011, including a 5% annual decrease in absolute CO2 emissions and a commitment to invest 50% of annual profits into wind and solar power.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The document proposes a set of hard targets for 2011, where non-compliance would lead to the immediate discontinuation of executive Directors' annual bonuses. These include reducing absolute CO2 emissions and carbon intensity of reserves by 5% annually starting in 2012, and reducing oil and chemical spills to zero within six months from January 2011.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Shell's operations in the Niger Delta are linked to violations of human rights, including the rights to food, work, health, and a healthy environment. The document alleges that Shell's oil spill data is misleading and lacks independence, and notes that the company has failed to clean up legacy spills or compensate villagers in areas like Goi, Oruma, and Ikot Ada Udo.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Brazil, Shell's joint venture with Cosan (Raízen) is linked to labour rights violations and 'situations analogous to slavery' in the sugarcane industry. Additionally, the company is accused of sourcing sugarcane from suppliers occupying indigenous lands in the Guyraroká territory of the Guarani-Kaiowá indians.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document highlights severe environmental risks associated with unconventional gas production, specifically high-volume fracking, which requires massive amounts of water and can pollute aquifers. It specifically mentions opposition to fracking in South Africa's Karoo region and risks in China and the USA.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Shell's extraction of oil from Canadian tar sands is identified as a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, with well-to-wheel emissions estimated to be 23% higher than conventional oil sources. These operations also threaten the water supply of the Athabasca river and the livelihoods of First Nations communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document describes a 'toxic legacy' in Curaçao, where Shell's former Isla refinery left behind massive pollution, including an 'asphalt lake' containing approximately one million tonnes of asphalt and an acid tar pond with 34,000 tonnes of sulphuric acid.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Offshore extraction by Sakhalin Energy in Russia is reported to interfere with the feeding grounds of the critically endangered Western gray whale, with a population of only about 130 whales as of 2009.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Shell is accused of 'dodging climate issues' by lobbying against CO2 reduction commitments and failing to invest in renewable energy. The document notes that Shell pulled out of the London Array wind project in 2008 and that its CEO discouraged UK government investment in offshore wind power.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report details a legal case in Brazil regarding a pesticide plant near Paulínia, where a court ordered Shell and BASF to pay 1.1 billion brazilian real for the medical treatment of over 1,000 former employees exposed to toxic substances like aldrin and dieldrin.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000952#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","emission intensity","wind power","solar energy","biofuel","hydraulic fracturing","oil sands","oil spill","biodiversity loss","human rights","indigenous rights","water pollution"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","Brazil","Canada","Curaçao","Philippines","Kazakhstan","South Africa","United States","Russia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["corporate critique","environmental impact assessment","human rights monitoring"]},{"id":"foei-001150","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001150","title":"Royal Dutch Shell and its sustainability troubles","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-05","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Shell-background-report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details 12 sustainability cases involving Royal Dutch Shell, highlighting systemic issues such as oil spills and gas flaring in Nigeria, toxic pesticide contamination in Brazil, and the high carbon intensity of Canadian tar sands. It examines the company's expansion into unconventional gas through fracking and its influence on political processes in the UK, Netherlands, and other host countries. The document argues that Shell's business strategy prioritizes profit over environmental and human rights, often employing a 'double standard' in its operational safety and reporting.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001150#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In the Niger Delta, Shell's oil spill volumes increased significantly over three six-year periods, rising from 37,000 barrels (1989-1994) to 299,000 barrels (2005-2010). Shell frequently attributes these spills to sabotage to avoid liability, though critics argue the company's reporting is misleading and lacks independence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001150#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Nigeria is one of the world's largest gas flaring countries, and Shell's operations there contribute to greenhouse gas emissions 3.5 to 4.4 times higher than average conventional oil production. Despite promises to reduce flaring, Shell's flaring rose by 32% in 2010 compared to 2009 due to increased production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001150#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A Brazilian court ordered Shell and BASF to pay 1.1 billion Brazilian Real (approximately EUR 490 million) for health damages to former employees of a pesticide plant in Paulínia. The court found that workers were exposed to harmful substances without protective clothing and that Shell was aware of the harmful effects of the substances used.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001150#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Shell's extraction of oil from Canadian tar sands results in well-to-tank emissions nearly 2.5 times higher than average fuels used in the EU. While Shell is implementing a carbon capture and storage (CCS) project called Quest, it is estimated to only partly compensate for the increasing emissions from expanding oil sands activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001150#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Shell is expanding into unconventional gas using high-volume fracking in North America, China, Australia, and South Africa. This process requires enormous amounts of water—up to 5 million gallons per well—and poses risks of groundwater contamination and higher methane leakage compared to conventional gas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001150#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report alleges that Shell has improperly interfered in politics, including drafting letters for former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair to lobby Colonel Muammuar Gaddafi for a Libyan deal and maintaining a system of seconding staff to the Nigerian government to ensure access to ministry activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001150#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Shell's climate strategy focuses on natural gas, biofuels, and CCS as a 'business case' for decarbonization, while the company has largely divested from wind and solar energy. The report notes that Shell's methane emissions are underestimated by using outdated IPCC reporting standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001150#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Curaçao, Shell left a 'toxic legacy' after selling its Isla refinery in 1985, including an asphalt lake containing approximately one million tonnes of asphalt and severe groundwater and air pollution that affected residential areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001150#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","methane leak","carbon capture and storage","biofuel","oil sands","hydraulic fracturing","gas flaring","renewable energy","offshore wind power","solar energy","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","Brazil","Canada","South Africa","People's Republic of China","Australia","United States","Iraq","Libya","Curaçao","Philippines","Russia","Kazakhstan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["corporate sustainability assessment","environmental impact analysis","human rights audit"]},{"id":"foei-000681","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000681","title":"IT'S TIME TO OUTLAW LAND GRABBING, NOT TO MAKE IT \"RESPONSIBLE\"!","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-04-17","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/RAI-EN.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report denounces the Principles for Responsible Agricultural Investment (RAI) as a mechanism to legitimise 'land grabbing' by corporations and governments. It argues that voluntary guidelines cannot remedy the systemic human rights violations, environmental destruction, and food insecurity caused by large-scale land acquisitions, which it claims are driven by financial speculation rather than food security. The authors call for an immediate ban on large-scale land transactions, the return of misappropriated lands to communities, and a transition toward food sovereignty based on peasant agriculture and agroecology.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000681#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Large-scale land acquisitions have seen at least 50 million hectares of agricultural land transferred from farmers to corporations in recent years, with some estimates suggesting 47 million hectares were leased or sold worldwide in 2009 alone.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000681#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Principles for Responsible Agricultural Investment (RAI), formulated by the World Bank, IFAD, UNCTAD, and FAO, consist of seven voluntary principles intended to make large-scale land acquisitions acceptable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000681#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Bank's own research into large-scale land acquisitions failed to find convincing examples of benefits for poor communities or countries, finding only a 'long list of losses'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000681#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Land grabbing is characterized as a tool for financial speculation targeting 20% profit rates, which is deemed incompatible with food security because food production typically only yields profits of 3-5%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000681#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document claims that land grabbing leads to the de facto privatisation of water and violates international human rights law through forced evictions and the silencing of critics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000681#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Various governments have responded to land grabbing differently: Argentina, Brazil, and New Zealand have promised legislation to limit foreign land acquisition, while Cambodia, Ethiopia, and Ghana have used force to suppress opposition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000681#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors advocate for a shift toward food sovereignty, emphasizing peasant agriculture, family farming, and agroecological methods as the sustainable alternative to corporate-led neoliberal regimes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000681#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["land grabbing","food security","agroecology","biodiversity","land tenure","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["India","Qatar","Saudi Arabia","South Korea","People's Republic of China","Japan","South Africa","Egypt","Argentina","Brazil","New Zealand","Cambodia","Ethiopia","Ghana","Mali","Sudan","Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy critique","advocacy"]}]}