{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["Climate and Development Knowledge Network"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":1008,"relation":"eq"},"page":8,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=climate-and-development-knowledge-network&page=8","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=climate-and-development-knowledge-network&page=9","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"cdkn-000158","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000158","title":"Extreme drought in Ethiopia stretches drought management systems","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2017-08-14","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/factsheet-extreme-drought-ethiopia-stretches-drought-management-systems","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags"],"summary":{"text":"The 2015-16 drought in Ethiopia, exacerbated by El Niño, was an extremely rare event that affected 9.7 million people and exceeded the mitigation capacity of existing national and international response systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000158#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2015-16 drought was an exceptionally rare occurrence in north-eastern and central Ethiopia, estimated to happen only once every few hundred years, with the 2015 El Niño event contributing to its severity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000158#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The failure of the spring belg rains on 4 June 2015, followed by delayed and erratic summer kiremt rains, impacted 9.7 million Ethiopians.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000158#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Existing national and international preparedness and response systems are unable to mitigate all the impacts resulting from very extreme events like the 2015–16 drought.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000158#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["drought","food insecurity","El Niño southern oscillation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"cdkn-000504","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000504","title":"THE LOCAL BUSINESS CASE FOR CLIMATE ACTION","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2017-08","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN_The-local-business-case-for-climate-action_Web-final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The paper identifies five key levers—power and leadership, communication and engagement, capacity building, financing implementation, and demonstration effect—essential for successful climate action in cities. Drawing on seven CDKN-supported projects across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, it argues that city governments face significant barriers, including short political cycles, fragmented governance, and limited financial resources. The framework serves as a checklist for donors and practitioners to create investable and implementable climate propositions, highlighting the importance of local champions, tailored business cases, and cross-city collaboration to scale successful interventions like India's Heat Action Plans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000504#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Cities are critical to global climate efforts as they occupy only 3% of Earth's land but account for 60-80% of energy consumption and 75% of carbon emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000504#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective climate action in cities is often hindered by political and governance barriers, such as short mayoral terms and the centralization of power in national governments over energy and infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000504#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Power and Leadership' lever emphasizes the need for strategic advocates within city governments, such as the Nodal Officer in Ahmedabad, to coordinate across agencies and maintain momentum despite political changes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000504#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To generate a strong business case for action, practitioners must provide tailored, city-specific evidence of cumulative impacts on the local economy, infrastructure, and human capital.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000504#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Capacity building must address significant gaps in analytical capabilities, such as climate risk assessment and low-carbon planning, often by leveraging partnerships with universities and research organizations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000504#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financing for city-level climate action is challenging because funds are rarely redistributed from national to city levels, requiring cities to seek innovative sources including the Green Climate Fund, private sector CSR, and impact investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000504#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Demonstration Effect' allows successful local projects to be scaled up; for example, Ahmedabad's Heat Action Plan was replicated across 17 cities and 11 states in India.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000504#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Uganda, an economic assessment showed that the cost of inaction regarding climate change was 20 times greater than the cost of adaptation, providing a strong economic argument for mainstreaming adaptation in infrastructure planning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000504#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["urban planning","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","climate finance","greenhouse gas emissions","infrastructure resilience","Low carbon development","urban heat island","carbon footprint","water footprint","public–private partnership"],"geography_discussed":["India","Colombia","Mozambique","Vietnam","Pakistan","Philippines","Indonesia","Bolivia","Brazil","Ecuador","Peru","Uganda","Ahmedabad","Cartagena","Maputo","Da Nang"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["framework development","case study analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000861","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000861","title":"Critical success factors for resilient water infrastructure","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2017-08","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Working-Paper_Critical-success-factors-resilient-water-infrastructure_CDKN.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines five critical factors for building climate-resilient water infrastructure: effective communication of risks, inclusive stakeholder engagement, strategic use of entry points, adopting a systemic approach beyond individual projects, and building institutional capacity. It draws on case studies from Colombia, Africa, Mozambique, St. Vincent, and Nepal to demonstrate how these factors mitigate the risks associated with long-lived infrastructure and climate uncertainty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000861#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Water infrastructure is particularly vulnerable to climate change because it is typically \"long-lived and with high upfront costs,\" which makes predictive design difficult due to uncertainties regarding the magnitude and direction of future change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000861#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective communication of climate risks requires translating complex scientific data into sector-specific indicators that decision-makers can use. In Cartagena, this was achieved by presenting risks by sector, such as tourism and agriculture, and using an online tool called \"CartaClima\" to inform investors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000861#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Stakeholder engagement must be planned from the outset to ensure local ownership and political commitment. The document emphasizes mapping stakeholder perspectives and identifying \"champions\" for change to prevent a lack of political will from becoming a barrier to decision-making.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000861#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Identifying 'entry points'—specific windows of time or institutional processes—is critical for timing interventions effectively. For example, in Nepal, project outputs were timed to coincide with the development of a hydropower and river basin master plan.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000861#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Resilience should be pursued through a programmatic or portfolio approach rather than isolated projects to maximize co-benefits and manage systemic interactions. In the Limpopo Basin, this involved evaluating large dams as part of a broader portfolio of interventions at a catchment scale.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000861#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Long-term resilience depends on building the capacity of national government agencies and river basin organisations rather than relying on short-term consultants. Effective capacity development should target mid-level or senior staff to ensure knowledge remains within the institution despite political reshuffles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000861#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial barriers to resilient infrastructure often stem from a lack of awareness of climate-specific funding sources and a lack of institutional capacity to prepare complex applications for international finance, as seen in Nepal and St. Vincent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000861#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water security","climate risk management","climate change adaptation","capacity building","climate finance","hydropower","vulnerability assessment"],"geography_discussed":["Colombia","Africa","Mozambique","Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","Nepal","Horn of Africa","Cartagena"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study review","synthesis of lessons learned"]},{"id":"cdkn-000019","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000019","title":"Scaling up pathways for climate-smart agriculture technologies and practices in Nepal","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07-28","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/scaling-pathways-climate-smart-agriculture-technologies-practices-nepal","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies several systemic barriers to the adoption of climate-smart agriculture in Nepal, including a gap between policy recognition and actual implementation, a lack of scientific evidence tailored to specific agro-ecological zones, and poor coordination among government institutions. It highlights that many initiatives rely on unsustainable project-based approaches and that economically poor smallholder farmers are unable to afford expensive technologies like solar-pump irrigation and machine-based zero-tillage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000019#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"While climate-smart technologies are recognized in strategies and policies, they lack sufficient attention during the planning and implementation phases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000019#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate-smart techniques suffer from poor documentation and dissemination, and they are not sufficiently integrated into extension manuals and guidelines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000019#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a lack of scientific evidence supporting climate-smart agriculture, necessitating further research into farming systems, rainfall patterns, soil types, and agro-ecological zones.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000019#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Implementation is hindered by poor coordination between involved organizations and departments, leading to potential conflict and duplication.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000019#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current promotion of climate-smart agriculture often follows project-based approaches that fail to ensure the long-term sustainability of the practices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000019#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant challenge is the weak capacity for climate change mitigation and adaptation across the private sector, civil society organizations, and the public sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000019#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local markets often lack the necessary inputs, materials, and service providers required for the adoption of climate-smart agriculture.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000019#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High costs prevent economically poor smallholder farmers from adopting specific technologies, such as machine-based zero-tillage and solar-pump based irrigation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000019#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Climate-smart agriculture","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation"],"geography_discussed":["Kaski District","Nawalparasi District","Hemja","Majhthana","Chormara","Agyouli","Rajhar"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","qualitative study"]},{"id":"cdkn-000160","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000160","title":"Learning organisations - emerging practice from CDKN’s experience","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07-28","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/working-paper-learning-organisations-emerging-practice-from-cdkns-experience","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The document discusses the importance of becoming a 'learning organisation' to address the complex, non-linear challenges of integrating climate change into development action. It draws on the experience of the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) to provide models and frameworks for organisational learning, noting that CDKN generates knowledge across Asia, Africa, and Latin America through research, technical assistance, and communications.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000160#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Integrating climate challenges into development action is a complex process characterized by interconnected, cross-sectoral, and multi-stakeholder challenges that are rarely predictable, meaning practitioners cannot rely solely on past experience or best practice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000160#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"For organisations working on climate integration, the most critical factors for making progress are the ability to initiate action quickly and the establishment of a culture of learning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000160#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["knowledge management"],"geography_discussed":["Asia","Africa","Latin America"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"cdkn-000049","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000049","title":"ESSENTIAL: Risk-related resettlement and relocation in urban areas","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07-19","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/essential-risk-related-resettlement-relocation-urban-areas","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that while resettlement and relocation can reduce hazard exposure, these interventions often leave populations worse off socially and economically. It advocates for treating resettlement as a last resort, prioritising on-site mitigation and the prevention of new settlements in hazard-prone areas, and ensuring the protection of human rights through strengthened legal frameworks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000049#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Resettlement and relocation may lower exposure to hazards, but typically result in overall social and economic decline for the affected populations compared to their previous state.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000049#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Resettlement should only be implemented as a final option after all possibilities for upgrading or mitigating risks on-site have been exhausted, noting that authorities and local communities often perceive risks differently.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000049#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To prevent the future necessity of resettlement, planning must ensure that new settlements are not established in areas prone to hazards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000049#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a need for strengthened legal frameworks and adherence to international covenants to ensure that the rights of people are protected during resettlement processes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000049#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["disaster risk reduction","climate change adaptation","human rights","sustainable development","urban planning"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation"]},{"id":"cdkn-000137","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000137","title":"Road map - Actions for setting a green bond market in Colombia","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07-19","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/guide-road-map-actions-setting-green-bond-market-colombia","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report presents a road map for developing Colombia's green bond market, noting that while initial issuances by Bancolombia (2016) and Davivienda (2017) have occurred, further tools and strategies are needed to remove barriers and ensure sustained growth in green bond issuances to fund the country's green growth goals and Paris Agreement contributions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000137#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Colombia is integrating green growth into its National Development Plan through a Mission for Green Growth, which aims to align national sustainable development transformations with the Paris Agreement and global agendas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000137#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While comprehensive cost estimates for the green economy transition are unavailable, the government has made progress in estimating costs for its domestic contributions to the Paris Agreement, necessitating the use of innovative capital market tools like green bonds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000137#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Colombian green bond market has seen early success with the first issuance by Bancolombia by the end of 2016, followed by an issuance from Davivienda in April 2017 using the same framework.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000137#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate bond","green growth","low-carbon economy","sustainable development","Paris Agreement","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy road map"]},{"id":"cdkn-000136","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000136","title":"Making energy efficiency markets work","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07-13","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/policy-brief-making-energy-efficiency-markets-work","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The India-UK partnership has focused on unlocking India's energy efficiency sector through technical assistance, advocacy, and the development of investment strategies. Key efforts targeted buildings, industrial efficiency, standards, labelling, and demand-side management, involving stakeholders like the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). The brief highlights that while India has implemented significant schemes such as the Perform, Achieve and Trade scheme, the viability of energy efficiency investments remains dependent on national and state-level policies and the coordination of multi-level government and non-government actors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000136#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Energy efficiency is identified as the most cost-effective method for India to satisfy its energy requirements while decoupling economic growth from emissions increases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000136#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The India-UK partnership provided technical assistance and expertise to target specific areas including finance, industrial efficiency, demand side management, standards and labelling, and buildings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000136#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"India has implemented several major initiatives to advance energy security and efficiency, specifically the Energy Conservation Building Code, the Standards and Labelling program, and the Perform, Achieve and Trade scheme.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000136#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","green growth","industrial efficiency","building","demand-side management","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000275","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000275","title":"Making Indian cities climate smart","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07-13","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/making-indian-urban-cities-climate-smart","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document highlights that Indian cities will generate 70% of future energy demand and face increasing climate hazards, necessitating the Smart City Mission's focus on core infrastructure and sustainable environments. It details the India-UK Smart Cities for growth partnership's support in urban planning and clean energy, while recommending multi-stakeholder dialogues, better use of evidence bases, and improved coordination between national and state actors to bridge implementation gaps.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000275#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Indian cities are projected to be the primary site for climate smart development challenges over the next 30 years, as they will account for 70% of future energy demand and face heightened exposure to heat waves, cyclones, and flooding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000275#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Smart City Mission serves as a catalyst for smart technology demand, aiming to provide core infrastructure and a sustainable environment for citizens.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000275#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective urban climate action requires several systemic supports: multi-stakeholder dialogues for action plans, the use of evidence to mobilise resources, access to climate finance for blue-green infrastructure, and improved coordination between national and state actors to ensure city-level implementation of national strategies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000275#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["urban planning","smart city","climate resilience","clean energy","green infrastructure","climate finance","energy demand","waste management","water management","green growth"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000241","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000241","title":"New markets for green bonds","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07-07","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/guide-new-markets-green-bonds-2","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document identifies five key building blocks for a successful green bond market: the enabling environment, investors, issuers and project pipeline, governance, and definitions and standards. It highlights a significant funding gap for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), noting that US$1 trillion is needed annually for clean energy alone. Because public sector balance sheets lack the capacity to meet these needs, the text estimates that 80–90% of funding must come from the private sector, necessitating the leverage of capital markets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000241#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The development of a green bond market relies on five primary building blocks: the enabling environment (comprising policies, regulation, taxes, and market infrastructure and institutions), investors, issuers and project pipeline, governance, and definitions and standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000241#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a massive funding requirement for sustainable development, with the United Nations estimating an annual gap of $2.5 trillion for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), of which US$1 trillion is required specifically for clean energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000241#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate bond","climate finance","clean energy","Sustainable Development Goals","Private sector engagement","green growth"],"geography_discussed":["Colombia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["guide"]},{"id":"cdkn-000135","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000135","title":"Zimbabwe’s changing urban landscape","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07-03","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/zimbabwes-changing-urban-landscape","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Analysis of ZIMSTAT census data indicates a trend of de-urbanisation in Zimbabwe, with the urban population proportion decreasing from 35% to 33% between 2002 and 2012, although the total urban population grew slowly at 0.6% per annum. These movements are influenced by macroeconomic instability, climate pressure, and mining dynamics, though the briefing cautions that changes in census bases and a lack of disaggregated data may affect the accuracy of the de-urbanisation conclusion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000135#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Official census data from the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) indicates a trend of de-urbanisation, as the percentage of the population in urban centres decreased from 35% to 33% between 2002 and 2012.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000135#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While the country shows signs of de-urbanisation, the total urban population grew from 4,029,707 to 4,284,145 at an annual rate of 0.6%, which is significantly lower than the sub-Saharan African average of 4.2%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000135#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Population movements at the local level are driven by a variety of factors, including climate pressure, mining industry dynamics, cross-border trade linkages, urban economic downturn, and macroeconomic instability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000135#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["urbanization","mining industry"],"geography_discussed":["sub-Saharan Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["statistical analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000130","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000130","title":"Charting a course toward climate compatible development - Seven years of CDKN (2010-2017)","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/story/feature-charting-a-course-toward-climate-compatible-development-seven-years-of-cdkn-2010-2017","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document reflects on seven years of CDKN's work to integrate climate action with poverty reduction, highlighting its influence on policies in 33 countries and its support for the Paris Agreement. It identifies critical gaps in current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the need for diversified climate finance beyond the Green Climate Fund, and the slow pace of sustainable transport and smart city adoption in developing nations compared to the rapid energy transition to renewables.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000130#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"CDKN has influenced policies and practices in 33 countries between 2010 and 2017, with more significant changes occurring in 13 of those nations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000130#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement targets, leaving a gap of 14 GtCO²e to reach the 2°C limit of 42Gt by 2030, requiring an annual decarbonisation rate of 6.5% until 2100.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000130#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While official climate finance for developing countries was estimated at $42bn last year and is projected to reach $67bn by 2020, it is significantly smaller than other sources like green bonds, which were expected to reach $120-200bn in 2017.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000130#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The energy transition is progressing with 24% of global power now coming from renewable energy, but other sectors in developing countries lag behind; for example, electric vehicle technologies are largely absent except in India and China.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000130#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Agriculture and land use present significant risks and opportunities, with 500 million people dependent on forests and a warning that 70% of emissions could come from agriculture and associated land use by 2050 if not addressed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000130#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Low carbon development","climate finance","Nationally Determined Contributions","renewable energy","sustainable transport","smart city","deforestation","Climate-smart agriculture","gender equality","climate bond","Green Climate Fund","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation"],"geography_discussed":["Peru","Ethiopia","Kenya","Uganda","Nepal","India","Bangladesh","Colombia","Brazil","Indonesia","United Kingdom","France","Netherlands","People's Republic of China","Philippines"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["retrospective","gap analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000383","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000383","title":"Capacity development: Taking a targeted approach","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Capacity-development-Working-Paper-WEB.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that closing the gap between climate ambitions and implementation requires a shift from general capacity building to targeted 'capability development'. CDKN defines capability as the ability to apply tools, skills, and knowledge effectively combined with the willingness to act. The paper identifies four essential types of capability: technical, relational, strategic, and institutional. It proposes a seven-step iterative process for development, emphasizing context analysis, co-owned agendas, and adaptive programming. Case studies from Rwanda and India are used to illustrate how these capabilities enable governments to secure climate funding and implement action plans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000383#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"CDKN distinguishes between 'capacity' and 'capability', viewing capacity as the volume and scale of resources (how much can be done) and capability as the effectiveness of action (how well it can be done).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000383#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN identifies four critical types of capability required for effective climate integration: technical capability (the ability to use evidence and tools), relational capability (the ability to forge partnerships), strategic capability (the ability to influence direction and see system patterns), and institutional capability (the ability to embed skills into organisational structures).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000383#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Rwanda, a demand-led approach focusing on strategic, institutional, and technical capabilities enabled the Ministry of Natural Resources (MINIRENA) to achieve accreditation for the Green Climate Fund and Adaptation Fund in 2015.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000383#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Madhya Pradesh, India, CDKN addressed low civil servant commitment to the State Climate Change Action Plan by developing sector-specific policy briefs and a knowledge portal, utilizing technical, relational, and strategic capabilities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000383#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN proposes a seven-step framework for capability development: 1) understanding the wider country system, 2) co-creating a change agenda, 3) self-assessing priorities, 4) engaging stakeholders in dialogue, 5) taking early action to learn, 6) using flexible and adaptive programming, and 7) recognizing that capability development is a long-term process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000383#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document asserts that implementing the Paris Agreement requires a 'transformative change' in international capacity building, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where resources are more constrained.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000383#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["capacity building","Low carbon development","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","Paris Agreement","climate finance","economic development","public policy"],"geography_discussed":["Rwanda","India","Madhya Pradesh"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["framework development","case study"]},{"id":"cdkn-000398","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000398","title":"Catalysing energy efficiency in small and medium-sized enterprises in priority sectors in Peru","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Catalysing-energy-efficiency-in-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-in-priority-sectors-in-Peru.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies that while Peruvian SMEs represent 99.5% of registered companies and face higher proportional energy costs than large firms, significant barriers—including lack of information, low economic incentives due to low energy prices, and limited financial mechanisms—hinder energy efficiency adoption. A pilot study of 12 SMEs in Lima's energy-intensive sectors (primarily manufacturing) demonstrated a strong business case for investment, with an average reduction in energy consumption of 15%, total annual financial savings of US$750k, and an average payback period of two years. Key recommendations include government-led market analysis, improved auditing standards, and the creation of partnerships between finance providers, consultants, and equipment suppliers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000398#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"SMEs constitute the vast majority of the Peruvian business landscape, representing 99.5% of all registered companies, and are likely to face higher proportional energy costs than larger enterprises.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000398#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A pilot study of 12 SMEs in Lima, mostly in manufacturing sectors like textiles, glass, and metal processing, showed an average energy consumption reduction of 15% and total annual financial savings of US$750,000.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000398#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The pilot study established a strong financial case for energy efficiency, with an average investment payback period of two years and a potential cumulative saving exceeding $8.9 million over 10 years for the 12 businesses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000398#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Primary barriers to SME energy efficiency in Peru include a lack of awareness and capacity, absence of stringent standards for technologies and installers, and low energy prices (some of the lowest in Latin America) which reduce the attractiveness of investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000398#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial institutions in Peru generally lack the technical expertise to assess energy savings as a predictable fund source for loan repayment, leading to a perception of high risk for SME energy investments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000398#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Common technical opportunities for energy savings identified in the pilot include improving day-to-day energy management, transitioning to LED lighting, fixing compressed air leaks, and implementing heat recovery in production processes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000398#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report recommends that the national government prioritize energy efficiency at a senior level, conduct in-depth research on SME demand, and improve coordination between the Ministry for Energy and Mines (MINEM) and the Ministry of Production (PRODUCE).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000398#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","climate change mitigation","Nationally Determined Contributions","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Lima"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["market assessment","pilot study","policy review"]},{"id":"cdkn-000513","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000513","title":"Learning organisations: emerging practice from CDKN’s experience","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN_WP_Learning-Organisation_Final_WEB.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document explores how the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) has applied various organisational learning models to address the complexities of integrating climate challenges into development action. It details six specific frameworks: levels of learning, complexity models, adaptive and generative learning, action-reflection cycles, learning for change design principles, and the building blocks of a learning organisation. The paper argues that in unpredictable environments, organisations must move beyond technical expertise to embed a culture of continuous learning, experimentation, and iterative adaptation to be effective.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000513#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"CDKN identifies that integrating climate challenges into development is a complex process where causes and impacts are \"interconnected, crosssectoral, multi-stakeholder and rarely predictable,\" meaning practitioners cannot rely solely on past best practices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000513#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document proposes a definition of a learning organisation as one that possesses a \"living, shared, meaningful vision and purpose,\" intentionally learns from its own and others' experiences, and applies this to future decisions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000513#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN utilises Ralph Stacey's complexity model to match learning methodologies to the operating context: 'simple' contexts use manuals and how-to guides; 'complicated' contexts use technical assistance and expert research; 'complex' contexts require co-creation, prototyping, and emergent practice; and 'chaos' contexts involve exploring patterns to shape emerging systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000513#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The paper distinguishes between adaptive learning, which focuses on \"improving actions, processes, structures, operations\" and continuous improvement, and generative learning, which focuses on \"learning about the unknowns\" and systemic change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000513#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN employs a five-stage action-reflection cycle to facilitate experiential learning: Action (doing), Reflect (reviewing), Sense-making (identifying patterns), Plan (determining next steps), and Adapted action (putting learning back into practice).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000513#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective organisational learning is supported by three interrelated components: a supportive learning environment (culture), concrete learning processes (structure), and leadership that reinforces learning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000513#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Low carbon development","capacity building","knowledge broker"],"geography_discussed":["Asia","Africa","Latin America","Uganda","India"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","framework analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000743","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000743","title":"Risk-related resettlement and relocation in urban areas","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Risk-related-resettlement-CDKN.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that while resettlement and relocation can reduce hazard exposure, they often leave populations worse off socially and economically. It recommends that such measures be a last resort, preceded by exhaustive exploration of on-site upgrading and consensus-building with affected communities. The text highlights the risk of forced evictions under the guise of safety and calls for strengthened legal frameworks and adherence to international covenants to protect the rights of low-income urban populations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000743#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Resettlement and relocation may decrease exposure to hazards, but typically result in a net decline in the social and economic well-being of the affected populations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000743#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Resettlement should only be implemented as a final option after all possibilities for on-site upgrading or mitigation have been fully explored, noting that authorities and local communities often perceive risk differently.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000743#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective land-use planning is essential to prevent the establishment of new settlements in hazard-prone areas, thereby eliminating the future necessity for resettlement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000743#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a risk that hazard exposure is used as a justification for forced evictions and the destruction of property, particularly in slums in India and certain Latin American countries, necessitating stronger legal frameworks and the honoring of international covenants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000743#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["disaster risk reduction","land-use planning","climate change","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["India","Latin America","Quito"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendations","best practices"]},{"id":"cdkn-000938","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000938","title":"New markets for green bonds","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Green_bonds_new_markets_guide_final_web-res.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The guide outlines five essential building blocks for green bond markets: the enabling environment, investors, issuers and project pipeline, governance, and definitions and standards. It emphasizes that while public sector support is often needed initially, a successful market must eventually become self-sustaining, diverse in its environmental objectives, and transparent in its reporting. The document provides practical frameworks for policymakers to assess their market's readiness and offers case studies from China, India, and Nigeria to illustrate effective policy incentives and issuance strategies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A successful green bond market is characterized by depth (sufficient issuance size), breadth (diverse issuers and investors), self-sustainability (eventual independence from public support), longevity (repeat issuance), confidence (via ratings and reviews), diversity in environmental objectives, and actual environmental impact.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Green bonds are primarily used to refinance existing projects during their operational phases rather than construction phases, as risks are lower for the investor base. They typically offer lower interest rates, longer tenors, and larger sizes compared to bank loans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The enabling environment for green bonds requires supportive policies, such as environmental standards, taxes (e.g., carbon or landfill taxes), and the inclusion of environmental risk in fiduciary duty, alongside the absence of restrictive regulations on issuers like cities or state-owned companies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China significantly grew its green bond market in 2016, reaching 236 billion yuan (US$36.2 billion), which represented 39% of global issuance that year. This was driven by incentives from the People’s Bank of China and the National Development and Reform Commission, including allowing green bonds to serve as collateral for low-interest central bank loans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Institutional investors prioritize credit and price, alignment with global standards (specifically the ICMA Green Bond Principles), transparency in governance and project selection, independent verification, and annual impact reporting.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In new markets, the first issuances typically come from governments, cities, development banks, or large commercial banks. Over time, the market may expand to include high-investment-grade corporates and eventually lower-rated issuers as liquidity and investor comfort increase.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Market development is often coordinated through committees or councils involving central banks, ministries, and private sector players. Examples include Brazil's Sustainable Market Development Council and Nigeria's Green Bond Private Public Sector Advisory Group (GB-PPSAG).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There are four primary channels for verifying the green credentials of bonds: second opinions from environmental specialists, rating agency assessments (such as Moody’s GB1-GB5 scale), certification against the Climate Bonds Standard, and post-issuance verification or assurance of fund management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Exim Bank of India issued a US$500 million dollar-denominated green bond in March 2015, which was oversubscribed 3.2 times. Participation was led by fund managers (58%), followed by banks (20%) and sovereign wealth funds or insurance companies (18%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000938#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate bond","climate finance","Sustainable Development Goals","clean energy","low-carbon economy","green infrastructure","environmental policy","fiduciary"],"geography_discussed":["Colombia","People's Republic of China","Kenya","India","Nigeria","Brazil","Morocco"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["guide","framework"]},{"id":"cdkn-000949","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000949","title":"Climate and Development Outlook","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/KENYA_Outlook_Final_WEB-.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details CDKN's support for Kenya's climate goals, highlighting the impact of the 2016 Climate Change Act and the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP). Key achievements include a 140 MW increase in geothermal energy in 2015, the development of the CaRROT tool for the flower sector, and the submission of four proposals to the Green Climate Fund. It also discusses the 'Raising Risk Awareness' initiative for extreme event attribution and efforts to integrate water, energy, and food (WEF) security planning at the county level.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000949#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Climate Change Act, passed in May 2016, provides a regulatory framework that strengthens governance and the integration of climate change into sectoral budgeting and planning, while guiding Kenya's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000949#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Kenya's National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) identifies six 'big wins' for mitigation and adaptation: geothermal power, distributed clean energy, water resource management, forest restoration, climate-smart agriculture/agroforestry, and infrastructure. Geothermal production saw a 140 MW increase in 2015, lowering electricity tariffs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000949#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To address the demand for carbon-efficient produce in the EU, the Horticultural Crops Development Authority and the Kenya Flower Council created the Carbon Reduction, Resources and Opportunities Toolkit (CaRROT), which tracks energy, water, and carbon for the flower sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000949#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN supported the expansion of geothermal capacity by piloting a drilling risk insurance product for Kenyan and Ethiopian markets to reduce the high exploration costs that hinder private sector financing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000949#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Efforts to implement an integrated water, energy, and food (WEF) nexus approach in three Kenyan counties revealed that budget constraints and tensions between national and county governance levels hamper sustainable growth.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000949#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN assisted the Kenyan government in mobilising climate finance by training 30 officials on Green Climate Fund (GCF) modalities and supporting the submission of four adaptation proposals to the GCF.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000949#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Raising Risk Awareness' initiative used extreme event attribution science to study the 2016-2017 drought in Kenya to help policy-makers manage extreme weather risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000949#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","climate finance","Green Climate Fund","Nationally Determined Contributions","Climate-smart agriculture","agroforestry","water management","extreme event attribution","green growth","carbon accounting"],"geography_discussed":["Ethiopia","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","programme evaluation"]},{"id":"cdkn-000306","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000306","title":"Framework for effectiveness and resilience of small and medium-scale irrigation systems in Nepal","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2017-06-20","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/effectiveness-resilience-small-medium-irrigation-nepal","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines a project designed to help the Government of Nepal, specifically the Department of Irrigation, address the impacts of climate change on agricultural irrigation. It highlights that while agriculture contributes approximately 33% of Nepal's GDP, it is highly vulnerable to monsoon climate and topography, with climate change and extreme events causing an annual loss of about 0.8% of agricultural GDP. The project's primary output is a framework intended to guide policy-makers and project designers in assessing and mitigating climate risks for small- and medium-scale irrigation systems to ensure they are efficient, equitable, and resilient.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000306#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Agriculture is a critical economic pillar for Nepal, contributing roughly 33% of the gross domestic product (GDP), yet it remains vulnerable to the region's topography and monsoon climate.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000306#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change and extreme weather events are causing an estimated annual loss of 0.8% of Nepal's agricultural GDP, necessitating a reconsideration of current irrigation design and management due to increased droughts and floods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000306#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate resilience","agricultural productivity","flood","drought","climate change adaptation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","risk assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000071","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000071","title":"Bridging Costa Rica's green growth gap","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-06-19","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/report-bridging-costa-ricas-green-growth-gap","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags"],"summary":{"text":"This report analyzes Costa Rica's green growth, noting that while historical investments in education and natural capital fueled an industrial transition and a successful eco-tourism sector, the country now faces a skills gap in innovation and critical deficiencies in sustainable public infrastructure, specifically regarding wastewater and greenhouse gas emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000071#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Costa Rica's economic model shifted from a rural to an industrial economy following liberalisation policies implemented in response to the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s. This transition was supported by heavy government investment in health care and education between the 1950s and late 1970s, which provided the necessary skills for the manufacturing and services sectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000071#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"While the country possesses a skilled workforce, it faces a skills gap characterized by a shortage of workers with technical, creative, and 'soft' skills required for an innovation-based economy. Conversely, low-qualified workers remain trapped in declining sectors like manufacturing and agriculture due to a lack of education needed for more dynamic sectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000071#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Costa Rica has achieved significant macroeconomic growth through biodiversity and eco-tourism. However, it faces critical environmental gaps in wastewater management and increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which the report attributes to insufficient spending on sustainable public infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000071#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["green growth","greenhouse gases","eco-tourism","sustainable infrastructure"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]}]}