{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["Climate Action Against Disinformation"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":65,"relation":"eq"},"page":4,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=climate-action-against-disinformation&page=4","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"caad-000060","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000060","title":"Clima Extremo, Conteúdo Extremo","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"pt","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Pre-COP-Report_Portuguese.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report by Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD) analyzes the persistence of climate disinformation across digital platforms, highlighting how Big Tech infrastructure enables the spread of false narratives regarding renewable energy, extreme weather events, and fossil fuel industry claims. It details a growing crisis in researcher access to platform data and provides a set of policy recommendations to dismantle the 'economy of disinformation'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000060#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate disinformation narratives regarding renewable energy—specifically wind, solar, and electric vehicles (EVs)—remain consistent over time, often framing these technologies as tools for 'social control' linked to conspiracy theories like the 'Climate Lockdown' or the 'Great Reset'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000060#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extreme weather events are being instrumentalized to promote conspiracy theories and incite violence. Examples include claims that wildfires in Maui, Hawaii, were caused by 'Directed Energy Weapons' (DEW) and false reports that FEMA withheld aid during hurricanes Helene and Milton in the US, as well as similar disinformation during floods in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000060#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The fossil fuel industry uses Meta's advertising tools to 'greenwash' its image and delay the energy transition. Between October 24, 2023, and October 24, 2024, eight fossil fuel-linked entities spent over US$ 17.6 million on Meta ads, generating 700 million impressions, with BP being the highest spender among tracked companies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000060#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researcher access to platform data is declining, hindering the ability to track climate disinformation in real-time. Meta discontinued Crowdtangle in August 2024, X's API has become prohibitively expensive, and TikTok's research API is restricted primarily to institutions in the US, EU, UK, and Switzerland.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000060#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A small number of 'super-spreaders' significantly amplify false content. For instance, the account Wide Awake Media on X grew from 322 followers in March 2023 to over 578,000 by November 2024, often using 'topic stacking' to pair climate lies with other conspiracies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000060#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report argues that disinformation persists because it is optimized for the 'attention economy' and profit. CAAD recommends that platforms stop profiting from the hosting of climate disinformation and implement 'inoculation' efforts to increase user resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000060#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","renewable energy","wind power","solar energy","electric vehicle","fossil fuel","greenwashing","carbon capture and storage","extreme weather event","wildfire","hurricane","climate finance","carbon price"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","Canada","United Kingdom","European Union","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Maui","Rio Grande do Sul","The Hague"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","policy recommendation","trend analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000063","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000063","title":"texas_disinfo_report_final_v4-7aea447f2501de60.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Texas_Disinfo_Report_final_v4.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes a disinformation campaign that falsely blamed wind energy for the February 2021 Texas power outages. It finds that while mainstream media debunked these claims, right-wing outlets and fossil fuel-funded politicians used social media to spread the narrative, with very few high-performing posts receiving fact-check labels. The authors conclude that current platform moderation is insufficient and recommend a 'two-strike' policy for repeat disinformers and the removal of climate disinformation from organic and paid content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000063#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Following the February 2021 Texas winter storms, a disinformation campaign falsely claimed that wind energy failures caused the rolling blackouts, utilizing a viral image of a helicopter de-icing a wind turbine that was actually taken in Sweden in 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000063#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Data shows that natural gas outages caused several times more energy losses than wind generation failures, and wind power was only projected to provide 7% of forecasted capacity during that time of year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000063#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms failed to effectively moderate the disinformation; only 0.9% of interactions with analyzed high-performing posts spreading the windmill narrative carried a fact-checking label.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000063#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","wind power","renewable energy","fossil fuel","natural gas","Green New Deal"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","disinformation analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000064","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000064","title":"THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE DISINFORMATION ON PUBLIC PERCEPTION","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/The-Impacts-of-Climate-Disinformation-on-Public-Perception.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that between 55% and 85% of surveyed populations in six countries believe at least one piece of climate misinformation, with the highest prevalence in India and the lowest in the UK. Significant portions of the public hold beliefs contrary to scientific consensus, such as the idea that natural gas is a climate-friendly energy source or that net-zero targets are unaffordable. The study identifies a strong correlation between high-frequency news consumption and a higher likelihood of believing misinformation, highlighting specific media outlets like Fox News in the US and the Daily Mail in the UK as being associated with higher rates of misinformation belief.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A substantial portion of the surveyed populations hold beliefs that contradict climate science: between 6% and 23% do not believe in climate change or are uncertain about it, and 22% to 38% believe humans are only partly responsible.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The prevalence of believing at least one climate misinformation statement is widespread, ranging from 55% to 85% across the surveyed countries, with India showing the highest share and the UK the lowest.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant public belief in the narrative that natural gas is a climate-friendly or essential energy source for the transition, with 57% of Indians, 40% of Brazilians, 39% of US citizens, 34% of Australians, and 25% of Germans holding this view.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"At least 25% of respondents in all six surveyed countries believe that their respective nation cannot afford to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Misinformation regarding renewable energy is common, particularly the belief that wind and solar power cannot provide a reliable 24/7 electricity grid, which is believed by 47% of people in India, 32% in the US, and 27% in the UK.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Beliefs about electric vehicles (EVs) often center on resource scarcity and environmental impact; for example, 43% of people in Germany and India believe there is insufficient lithium to supply the world with EVs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Frequent news consumption is linked to a higher likelihood of believing misinformation, with individuals consuming news five or more days per week more likely to believe 41% or more of the misinformation statements than non-consumers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific media outlets are strongly associated with higher rates of misinformation belief, including Fox News in the United States and the Daily Mail in the United Kingdom.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies a trend where heavy consumers of various news outlets are more likely to receive failing grades on the misinformation index, suggesting that regular reporting often includes misinformation narratives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000064#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","energy transition","natural gas","renewable energy","electric vehicle","heat pump","carbon capture and storage","Paris Agreement"],"geography_discussed":["Europe","Egypt"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["survey","correlation analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000065","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000065","title":"The New Playbook Undermining climate action","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/The-New-Playbook.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report by Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD) analyzes ten 'misleading claims' used by fossil fuel interests to delay the energy transition. It argues that fossil fuels are the primary driver of climate change, with 36.6 billion tonnes of the 40.5 billion global CO2 emissions in 2022 originating from their use. The document debunks claims that emissions—rather than fossil fuels themselves—are the problem, and challenges the industry's focus on Scope 1 and 2 emissions, noting that Scope 3 emissions account for 80-95% of total carbon emissions for oil and gas companies. It further critiques technological 'solutions' like Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Direct Air Capture (DAC), e-fuels, and 'blue' hydrogen, characterizing them as expensive, inefficient, or unproven at the scale required to limit warming to 1.5C. Finally, it argues that fossil fuel reliance hinders economic growth in Africa and Asia and exacerbates the global cost-of-living crisis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000065#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Fossil fuel combustion is the primary driver of the climate crisis, with the vast majority of global CO2 emissions traced back to a small number of producers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000065#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The oil and gas industry's focus on reducing Scope 1 and 2 emissions is insufficient because Scope 3 emissions represent the overwhelming majority of their carbon footprint.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000065#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To meet the 1.5C limit of the Paris Agreement, global oil and gas production must decrease by 3% annually until 2050, and 60% of existing fossil methane gas and oil must remain unextracted.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000065#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an ineffective primary solution due to high costs, slow deployment, and limited capacity; current and planned projects by 2030 would capture less than 1% of global fossil emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000065#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Direct Air Capture (DAC) is the most expensive CO2 capture method and is currently operating at a negligible scale, capturing almost 0.01 Mt CO2/year worldwide across 18 plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000065#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"E-fuels are projected to be three to five times more expensive than electric vehicles by 2050 and fail to reduce toxic NOx emissions compared to gasoline.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000065#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Hydrogen's role in a net-zero system is limited, with the IPCC estimating it will account for a maximum of 2.1% of total energy consumption by 2050; 'blue' hydrogen is specifically criticized as potentially 20% worse than burning fossil gas for heat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000065#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Reliance on fossil fuel exports correlates with slower economic growth in Africa, and investments in gas infrastructure have not solved energy poverty, as seen in Mozambique where 70% of the population lacks electricity despite $30 billion in investments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000065#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil-fuel phase-out","climate change disinformation","greenwashing","Scope 3","carbon capture and storage","direct air capture","green hydrogen","blue hydrogen","energy transition","energy security","energy poverty"],"geography_discussed":["United Arab Emirates","Africa","Asia","Latin America","Mozambique","United States","United Kingdom","Canada","European Union","Australia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["disinformation analysis","policy critique"]},{"id":"caad-000066","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000066","title":"YOUTUBE’S CLIMATE DENIAL DOLLARS","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/YouTubes-Climate-Denial-Dollars.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report by the Center for Countering Digital Hate and the Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD) coalition finds that YouTube continues to monetize climate disinformation. Researchers identified 200 videos with 73.8 million views as of April 17, 2023, that carried ads. This includes 100 videos that explicitly breach YouTube's policy against content \"contradicting authoritative scientific consensus on the existence of and causes behind climate change\", amassing 18.8 million views. An additional 100 videos, which fit the broader CAAD definition of climate disinformation (including \"discourses of delay\"), amassed 55 million views. The report notes that major brands like Nike, Hyundai, and Costco have appeared in these ads. Furthermore, the report claims Google has failed to keep similar promises across other platforms, noting that 63% of popular climate denial articles still carry Google ads. The authors recommend that Google proactively enforce its policies and adopt the comprehensive CAAD definition of climate disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000066#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Researchers identified 200 YouTube videos containing climate misinformation and disinformation that had a total of 73.8 million views as of April 17th, 2023, all of which featured advertisements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000066#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"YouTube is failing to enforce its own policy prohibiting ads on content that contradicts scientific consensus on climate change; 100 videos breaching this policy were found to have carried ads and reached 18.8 million views.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000066#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Beyond outright denial, YouTube profits from a broader range of climate disinformation—such as 'discourses of delay' or false solutions—that falls outside its narrow policy definitions. 100 such videos amassed 55 million views and featured ads from brands including Nike, Hyundai, and Emirates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000066#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies a pattern of Google failing to uphold promises regarding climate denial monetization across different services, including Google Search and third-party articles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000066#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of website code suggests that YouTube shares ad revenue with the creators of climate denial content, with 158 of the analyzed videos appearing to be part of this revenue-sharing arrangement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000066#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","greenwashing"],"geography_discussed":["United States","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","monitoring"]}]}