{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["Climate Action Against Disinformation"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":65,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=climate-action-against-disinformation","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=climate-action-against-disinformation&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"caad-000009","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000009","title":"Summer of Extreme Lies","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2026-07-24","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/reports/summer-of-extreme-lies/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the recurrence of climate disinformation during extreme weather events in 2026, specifically focusing on wildfires in Canada, the US, and the UK, and heatwaves in the EU, Spain, and Portugal. It highlights the role of 'participatory disinformation' and the failure of social media platforms to act on advance warnings from organizations like CAAD and EDMO.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000009#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate disinformation during the 2026 extreme weather events followed predictable patterns that had been warned about in advance by the Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD) coalition and the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000009#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the US and Canada, wildfire smoke triggered 'participatory disinformation,' where elite partisans set a frame that social media users then justify. This led to an escalation in violent rhetoric, including calls for the US to 'brutally nuke every canadian city' or 'conquer' Canada as retribution for wildfire smoke.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000009#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Disinformation regarding UK wildfires centered on three recurring narratives: attributing fires to arson or human activity to dismiss climate change, accusing governments of prioritizing climate policies over wildfire risk reduction, and claiming scientists exaggerate dangers to push political agendas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000009#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the European Union, disinformation actors used the debate over air conditioning to deny the link between climate change and extreme heat, portraying heatwaves as 'ordinary weather' or 'media-driven alarmism' and claiming high temperatures proved the limitations of solar power.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000009#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific narratives in the Iberian Peninsula included accusations of 'alarmism' in Portugal—with 29 of the top 100 identified Portuguese posts containing denialist narratives reaching an estimated 4,758,626 people—and claims of 'deliberate weather manipulation' or 'sinister geoengineering' in Spain.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000009#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","wildfire","heat wave","solar energy","geoengineering","air conditioning","fossil fuel"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["disinformation analysis","social media monitoring"]},{"id":"caad-000017","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000017","title":"Les grandes entreprises numériques et les mensonges concernant les feux de forêt","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"fr","date_published":"2026-06-03","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/briefings/les-grandes-entreprises-numeriques-et-les-mensonges-concernant-les-feux-de-foret/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing identifies a systematic 'escalation of doubt' strategy used by disinformation actors to minimize the role of climate change in wildfires. It details how narratives shift from attributing fires to criminal acts or government mismanagement to more extreme conspiracy theories, such as claims that fires are started to clear land for wind farms or lithium extraction. The document highlights the role of digital platforms' 'attention economy' in amplifying these lies, noting that in Canada, such disinformation has interfered with emergency services and public safety during crises. It concludes that 86% of Canadians support a federal plan to regulate the spread of climate disinformation during extreme weather events.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000017#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A 2023 study by the Union of Concerned Scientists suggests that the 88 largest fossil fuel and cement companies globally may be linked to 37% of the areas in the western United States and southwestern Canada devastated by wildfires since 1986.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000017#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Disinformation actors employ a strategy to decouple wildfires from climate change by attributing them to arsonists or claiming that renewable energy promoters intentionally start fires to clear land for wind farms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000017#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","wildfire","renewable energy","wind power","fossil fuel","climate policy","extreme weather event"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Chile","Greece","Spain","Hawaii"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["discourse analysis","trend analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000021","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000021","title":"Climate disinformation is already harming Europeans: policymakers should protect us","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2026-06-02","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/open-letter/climate-disinformation-is-already-harming-europeans-policymakers-should-protect-us/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document asserts that climate disinformation in Europe is an industrialised threat that distorts public debate, delays clean energy investment, and weakens crisis response. It highlights a failure in regulatory enforcement across the EU and UK, noting that while instruments like the Digital Services Act exist, they are unevenly applied. The authors advocate for limiting algorithmic amplification of misleading content and increasing media scrutiny to protect the conditions necessary for collective climate action.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000021#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate disinformation in Europe has become industrialised and is amplified by design, with climate being the most targeted topic for online disinformation campaigns across the EU in August 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000021#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mainstream media outlets in several European countries have spread false claims linking renewable energy to industrial decline, rising bills, and blackouts. In France, 665 misleading climate claims were identified in mainstream broadcast media within one year, primarily concerning energy policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000021#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","energy transition","renewable energy","climate finance","geopolitics"],"geography_discussed":["Italy","United Kingdom","Germany","France","Valencia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","threat assessment"]},{"id":"caad-000006","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000006","title":"Spain to Protect Public Against Climate Disinformation","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2026-02-19","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/briefings/spain-to-protect-public-against-climate-disinformation/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing discusses the systemic nature of climate disinformation, driven by the public relations industry and Big Tech algorithms for profit. It highlights Spain's initiative to hold digital platforms and executives legally accountable for the algorithmic amplification of illegal content and disinformation. The text also notes the European Union's endorsement of the UN Declaration on Information Integrity on Climate Change and the implementation of fossil fuel advertising bans in cities like The Hague, Amsterdam, and Florence as models for protecting the public from corporate-driven deception.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000006#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate disinformation is described as an engineered process involving the public relations industry, professional propagandists, and platform algorithms that prioritize engagement and advertising revenue over truth.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000006#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Spain is implementing reforms to hold digital platforms accountable by establishing legal responsibility for platform executives, criminalizing the algorithmic amplification of illegal content, tracking polarization, and protecting minors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000006#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The European Union has endorsed the UN Declaration on Information Integrity on Climate Change, which commits governments to protecting science-based climate information and countering disinformation to ensure the success of climate policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000006#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local governments in The Hague, Amsterdam, and Florence, Italy, have implemented bans on fossil fuel advertising to protect the public from false claims.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000006#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","The Hague","Amsterdam","Florence","Italy","Texas"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","briefing"]},{"id":"caad-000026","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000026","title":"The AI Climate Hoax: Behind the Curtain of How Big Tech Greenwashes Impacts","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2026-02","source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AI-for-climate-claims-unsupported.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that the AI industry uses a 'bait-and-switch' greenwashing tactic, where the proven climate benefits of 'traditional' AI (such as predictive models) are used to justify the massive energy and water consumption of 'consumer generative AI' (such as ChatGPT). An analysis of 154 climate benefit claims found that 97% related to traditional AI, while only 3% related to consumer generative AI, with no evidence found that the latter leads to substantial emissions reductions. Furthermore, the report finds that evidence for these benefits is generally weak, with 36% of claims citing no evidence and only 26% citing published academic research. This narrative masks the immediate climate impacts of data centre expansion, which the report states is boosting demand for fossil fuels and risking the ability of regions like Ireland and Australia to meet carbon targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000026#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The report identifies a 'bait-and-switch' greenwashing tactic where companies use the term 'AI' as a vague umbrella to couple the benefits of traditional AI with the harms of consumer generative AI. While most climate benefit claims relate to traditional AI, the majority of current environmental damage is driven by consumer generative tools.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000026#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"An analysis of 154 climate benefit claims revealed that 150 (97%) were associated with 'traditional' AI (predictive models, computer vision, etc.), while only 4 (3%) related to consumer generative AI. The author states that no examples were found where consumer generative systems led to 'material, verifiable and substantial level of emissions reductions'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000026#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Evidence supporting AI's climate benefits is frequently weak or non-existent. Only 26% of the assessed claims cited published academic papers, while 36% provided no evidence at all. Other claims relied on corporate websites (29%) or media and NGOs (8%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000026#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Data centre expansion is actively worsening climate change by increasing demand for fossil fuels and delaying the energy transition. This includes the construction of new fossil-fuelled power plants, the extension of the lifespan of retired fossil assets, and the diversion of resources like finance and battery production away from other electrification efforts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000026#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The growth of data centres is causing utilities and government agencies in several regions to miss or weaken their climate targets. In the US, utilities cite data centre demand as a cause for coal plant extensions, and in Australia, the Climate Change Authority weakened 2035 targets partly due to this growth.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000026#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["data center","greenwashing","fossil fuel","greenhouse gas emissions","climate finance","power purchase agreement"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Ireland","Australia","Texas"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","corporate accountability audit","environmental impact assessment"]},{"id":"caad-000016","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000016","title":"Climate Action Requires Truth: COP30 Must Codify Information Integrity","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2025-11-12","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/newsletters/cop-look-listen-issue-03-12-nov-25/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The document is an open letter from Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD) and a coalition of 203 organizations and 202 experts. It argues that coordinated disinformation campaigns, primarily funded by the fossil fuel industry, are delaying the energy transition and sabotaging the Paris Agreement goals. The authors call on COP30 participants to move beyond the mere recognition of this threat to mandatory, verifiable actions that hold technology platforms, media, and the advertising sector accountable for the spread of manipulative content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000016#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Coordinated disinformation campaigns, largely organized and financed by the fossil fuel industry, are used to create a false sense of public apathy and division to derail climate policy and discredit renewable energy solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000016#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate disinformation is characterized as a global emergency that threatens public health, human rights, and security by delaying the human response to the climate crisis and making the goals of the Paris Agreement unattainable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000016#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors identify 'Big Tech' and vested-interest media as the primary vehicles for mass-producing and disseminating manipulative content that profits from disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000016#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The coalition demands that COP30 deliver a mandatory and verifiable decision requiring all Parties to uphold information integrity, moving beyond the current stage of official recognition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000016#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","fossil fuel industry","energy transition","renewable energy","Paris Agreement","greenwashing","climate policy","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Brazil"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"caad-000036","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000036","title":"Climate Action Requires Truth: COP30 Must Codify Information Integrity","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2025-11-12","source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/CAAD-Open-Letter-2025-13-11.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that coordinated climate disinformation, largely driven by the fossil fuel industry and amplified by Big Tech, constitutes a global emergency that delays the energy transition and threatens public health and human rights. It calls on COP30 participants to move beyond the mere recognition of this threat to implement mandatory, verifiable actions and regulatory measures against the monetization of disinformation and greenwashing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000036#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Coordinated disinformation campaigns, primarily organized and financed by the fossil fuel industry, are intentionally designed to obstruct climate action by creating a false impression of public apathy and division, which in turn slows the energy transition and discredits renewable energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000036#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate disinformation is characterized as a multi-faceted global emergency that directly sabotages international cooperation and makes the goals of the Paris Agreement unattainable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000036#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The spread of climate falsehoods is identified as a direct threat to public health, human rights, and security, as it delays life-saving transitions and erodes trust in democratic institutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000036#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Big Tech platforms and vested-interest media are cited as the primary vehicles for mass-producing manipulative content, profiting from the monetization of disinformation and greenwashing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000036#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The signatories demand that COP30 move from the mere recognition of information integrity to the implementation of mandatory and verifiable actions, including the use of legislative and regulatory powers to curb the influence of platforms that profit from manipulative content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000036#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","fossil fuel industry","energy transition","renewable energy","greenwashing","human rights","public health","Paris Agreement"],"geography_discussed":["Brazil","Belém"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","advocacy"]},{"id":"caad-000014","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000014","title":"The F-List 2025: Shining a Light on Fossil Fuel Ties in the Ad Industry","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-09-24","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/reports/the-f-list-2025-shining-a-light-on-fossil-fuel-ties-in-the-ad-industry/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2025 F-List identifies 1,217 fossil fuel contracts across 709 agencies in 74 countries, arguing that these ties facilitate climate disinformation and expose agencies to financial and reputational risks despite a global shift toward clean energy investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000014#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2025 F-List identifies 1,217 contracts with fossil fuel clients across 709 advertising and PR agencies located in 74 countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000014#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The distribution of these contracts shows that independent agencies hold the majority with 924 contracts, while holding companies account for 293. Additionally, 773 contracts identified in the 2024 F-List have continued into 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000014#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report argues that these agency relationships serve as disinformation pipelines for campaigns intended to delay climate action, contradicting agency climate pledges and ignoring a global trend where clean energy investment is expected to reach $2.2 trillion in 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000014#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel industry","climate change disinformation","renewable energy commercialization","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["industry analysis","transparency report"]},{"id":"caad-000003","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000003","title":"Texas Floods: Far-Right Seeded Cloud Seeding Conspiracies","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025-08-07","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/briefings/texas-floods-far-right-seeded-cloud-seeding-conspiracies/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Following catastrophic flash floods in Central Texas in July 2025, digital discourse was dominated by cloud seeding conspiracy theories. These claims, which alleged that a program over 100 miles away triggered or worsened the floods, were amplified by GOP representatives including Marjorie Taylor Greene and Michael Flynn to reach millions of viewers on X.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000003#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Catastrophic flash floods in Central Texas in early July 2025, caused by remnants of Tropical Storm Barry, resulted in over 120 deaths and billions in economic damages.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000003#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extreme weather event","flash flood","geoengineering","climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["disinformation analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000055","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000055","title":"Iberian Blackout Polling: Spanish and UK Exposure to Big Tech-Spread Conspiracy Theories","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-07-15","source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Iberian-Blackout-Polling-in-Spain-and-UK.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while a majority of respondents in Spain and the UK acknowledge human-caused climate change, a significant portion (70% in Spain and 60% in the UK) believed at least one false narrative regarding the causes of the April 2025 Iberian blackout. The most prevalent disinformation was that the blackout resulted from an 'over-reliance on renewable energy', a belief particularly strong among far-right voters. General attitudes toward energy sources are divided, with about half of respondents wrongly believing that net zero policies increase energy dependence or that abandoning oil and gas would cause extreme hardship for the poor. Despite this, over 70% of respondents in both countries believe preventing climate disinformation is necessary to protect freedom of speech. There is broad support for measures such as legally obligating social media companies to stop spreading misleading climate information, banning fossil fuel advertising, and increasing support for fact-checking organizations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000055#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A high percentage of respondents in both Spain and the UK believed false narratives about the causes of the April 28, 2025, Iberian blackout, with 70% in Spain and 60% in the UK accepting at least one.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000055#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most widely believed false cause for the blackout was the power grid's over-reliance on renewable energy, especially among far-right voters; 50% of Vox voters and 38% of Reform UK voters held this belief.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000055#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 88% of Spanish and 82% of UK respondents attribute climate change to human causes, climate denialism is most prevalent among voters of far-right parties, specifically Vox in Spain and Reform UK in the UK.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000055#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public perception of energy sources is marked by significant misperceptions: approximately half of respondents in both countries believe net zero policies increase energy dependence, and about 47-48% believe abandoning oil and gas would condemn poor people to hardship.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000055#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong public consensus (over 70% in both countries) that preventing the spread of climate disinformation is essential for maintaining informed public discourse and protecting freedom of speech.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000055#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of respondents support specific regulatory and governmental interventions to combat disinformation, including legal obligations for social media companies to stop misleading content, banning fossil fuel advertising, and funding fact-checkers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000055#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","renewable energy","Net-zero emissions","energy transition","fossil fuel","energy security"],"geography_discussed":["Iberian Peninsula","Portugal","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion polling","disinformation analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000001","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000001","title":"Canadian Wildfire Disinformation","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025-07-09","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/briefings/briefing-canadian-wildfire-disinformation/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document identifies a pattern of right-wing and fossil fuel-linked disinformation during Canadian wildfire seasons that downplays climate change and obstructs policy action. It urges Canadian policymakers to implement laws against greenwashing, define climate disinformation scientifically, and regulate the monetization and amplification of such content by tech platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000001#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Disinformation narratives during Canadian wildfire seasons are frequently driven by right-wing voices and entities with ties to the fossil fuel industry, leveraging perceptions of government failure to discredit political opponents and non-natural causes for fires.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000001#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate disinformation regarding wildfires hinders immediate response efforts and complicates the implementation of long-term mitigation policies by underplaying the influence of climate change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000001#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","wildfire","greenwashing","fossil fuel","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy briefing"]},{"id":"caad-000011","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000011","title":"Canadian Election April 2025","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025-06-09","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/briefings/briefing-canadian-election-april-2025/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document reports that a network of opaque online actors, some linked to the fossil fuel industry, used transnational right-wing networks and bot activity to spread false narratives about Canada's climate policies during the April 2025 election. It highlights the use of claims that climate policy would damage the economy and democracy, as well as allegations of a stolen election, while calling for stronger laws against disinformation and greenwashing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000011#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"During the April 2025 Canadian election, a network of opaque online actors with ties to the fossil fuel industry promoted false narratives claiming that the government's climate policies would negatively impact Canada's economy and democracy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000011#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","greenwashing","fossil fuel industry","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["briefing"]},{"id":"caad-000031","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000031","title":"Briefing: Canadian Wildfire Disinformation","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025-06","source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/CAAD-Briefing-Note-Canadian-Wildfire-Disinformation.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing identifies three primary disinformation narratives used to deflect from climate change during the 2025 Canadian wildfire season: the emphasis on arson (including conspiracy theories about 'climate change agendas'), claims of government mismanagement of resources, and accusations of 'fearmongering' by political leaders. Monitoring from April 21 to June 20, 2025, shows these narratives are most prevalent on X and right-wing outlets, often utilizing 'junk science' to discredit peer-reviewed data. The document recommends that Canadian policymakers enact laws against greenwashing, adopt a robust definition of climate disinformation, and require transparency from large online platforms to mitigate the influence of fossil fuel-backed disinformation networks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000031#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Disinformation during the 2025 Canadian wildfire season is primarily driven by climate denier networks, with the social media platform X and right-wing online outlets serving as the main hubs for these narratives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000031#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A dominant narrative focuses on arson to deflect from climate change, with some extreme conspiracy theories claiming that activists, governments, or green-backed corporations deliberately set fires to fabricate a climate crisis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000031#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Disinformers frequently blame federal and provincial governments for wildfire severity, citing poor forest management, shortages of firefighters, and the alleged withholding or delayed production of water bombers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000031#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Right-wing voices accuse political leaders, specifically Prime Minister Carney, of using 'fearmongering' and 'alarmism' to push a radical green agenda, often relying on 'junk science' to undermine legitimate climate data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000031#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific entities such as The Heritage Foundation and The Daily Skeptic have promoted claims that global wildfire areas are not increasing, with the briefing noting these claims often misrepresent data regarding controlled fires.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000031#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A minor emerging trend on TikTok suggests that Canadian wildfires were deliberately set to worsen air quality in the United States due to rising tensions between the two countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000031#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["wildfire","climate change disinformation","greenwashing","forest management","Net-zero emissions","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["Manitoba","Saskatchewan","Ontario","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["disinformation analysis","narrative monitoring"]},{"id":"caad-000023","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000023","title":"Iberian Outage Report","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025-05-28","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/reports/iberian-outage-report/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Following a major power outage in Spain and Portugal on 28 April 2025, disinformation networks utilized social media algorithms to spread false claims attributing the event to renewables and net zero policies. The report notes that these falsehoods were often presented as speculation or news reporting to undermine climate solutions, mirroring patterns seen during extreme weather events.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000023#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A power outage on 28 April 2025 affected the majority of the population in Spain and Portugal, which subsequently triggered a wave of conspiracy theories and disinformation in English, Spanish, and Portuguese.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000023#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Disinformation networks actively shared content on social media and in the media that falsely attributed the power outage to net zero or renewable energy sources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000023#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The spread of these falsehoods, which were often disguised as news or speculation, was facilitated by social media algorithms and follows a pattern of disinformation typically observed during extreme weather events.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000023#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","renewable energy","Net-zero emissions"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["disinformation analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000019","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000019","title":"Digital footprint of agribusiness, fossil fuel and mining companies in Brazil","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025-04-30","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/briefings/briefing-digital-footprint-of-agribusiness-fossil-fuel-and-mining-companies-in-brazil/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing examines the digital presence of fifteen influential agribusiness, mining, and fossil fuel companies in Brazil, finding that many employ corporate greenwashing and climate delay tactics. These tactics include the use of vague language, nature-rinsing imagery, and claims that lack supporting investments or actions. The report also notes the use of influencer partnerships and targeted digital advertising to amplify these messages, contrasting them with the companies' actual environmental records.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000019#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The digital footprints of fifteen large agribusiness, mining, and fossil fuel companies in Brazil contain evidence of corporate greenwashing and climate delay discourses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000019#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Greenwashing tactics identified in the companies' digital content include the use of nature-rinsing imagery, vague language, and claims that are not backed by substantial investments or actions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000019#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Some of the analyzed companies utilize influencer partnerships and targeted digital advertising within Brazil to increase the reach of their messaging.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000019#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","mining","fossil fuel"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["digital footprint analysis","discourse analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000022","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000022","title":"Bot activity in Canadian election","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025-04-24","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/briefings/briefing-note-bot-activity-in-canadian-election/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A network of up to 600 accounts on X has been identified spreading disinformation to influence the 2025 Canadian election, specifically targeting Mark Carney by claiming his firm, Brookfield, would benefit from the Liberal Party's \"net zero agenda\". CAAD identified at least 60 accounts with strong bot markers—such as lacking profile photos, bios, and original content—that primarily shared videos from right-wing and conspiratorial channels including Rebel News, Northern Perspective, and Moose on the Loose.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000022#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A network of up to 600 accounts on X is suspected of being used to influence the 2025 Canadian election through climate- and other types of disinformation, specifically by attacking Liberal candidate Mark Carney and claiming his firm Brookfield would benefit from the Liberal Party's \"net zero agenda\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000022#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CAAD has identified at least 60 accounts strongly suspected of being bots based on markers such as the absence of profile photos, bios, and original content, with most exclusively posting videos from conspiratorial and right-wing channels like Rebel News, Northern Perspective, and Moose on the Loose.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000022#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["disinformation analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000032","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000032","title":"Rapid Response Report: Speculation and Disinformation During and After the Iberian Power Outage, April & May 2025","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/CAAD-Briefing-Note-Template-for-iberian-outage-report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the spread of disinformation following a major power outage on the Iberian Peninsula on 28 April 2025. It identifies a pattern where initial speculation about cyberattacks transitioned into coordinated narratives blaming renewable energy and 'net zero' policies, largely driven by English-language actors and UK press. The document also details the emergence of conspiracy theories framing the event as a 'test run' for government control or a 'climate lockdown' linked to Agenda 2030. Analysis across Spanish, Portuguese, and English languages shows that X/Twitter was the primary vector for these narratives, while YouTube and TikTok favored conspiracy content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000032#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Iberian power outage was used by climate disinformation actors to frame renewable energy as unreliable, with narratives gaining significant traction 12-24 hours after the event.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000032#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A network of transnational English-language actors and the UK press spearheaded the disinformation campaign; the Daily Mail published an article implying renewables were to blame just two hours after the blackout, and The Daily Telegraph later suggested \"net zero\" was at fault.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000032#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Initial widespread speculation across all languages focused on a cyberattack, possibly from Russia or Iran, which persisted in some spaces even after officials ruled it out on 29 April.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000032#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conspiracy theories emerged framing the outage as a deliberate 'test' for future authoritarian control, lockdowns, or a 'New World Order', often referencing 'Agenda 2030' or 'The Great Reset'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000032#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"X/Twitter was identified as the most significant vector for speculation and disinformation, while YouTube and TikTok were particularly effective for promoting conspiracy content due to their algorithms and monetization models.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000032#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Spanish-language discourse, the blackout was linked to political attacks against Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and reignited public anger regarding the DANA floods in Valencia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000032#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Right-wing media in the US and Australia used the event as a 'warning' against their own green energy transitions, with Fox News Business and The Australian claiming the outage proved the risks of net-zero policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000032#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["renewable energy","Net-zero emissions","energy transition","climate change disinformation","greenhouse gas emissions","fossil fuel","energy security","electromobility"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","United States","Australia","Brazil","Valencia","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["disinformation analysis","social media monitoring","narrative tracking"]},{"id":"caad-000058","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000058","title":"Onderzoek naar de publieke opinie in Nederland over het verbod op fossiele reclame en de integriteit van klimaatinformatie","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"nl","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Onderzoek-in-Nederland-Publieke-opinie-over-de-integriteit-van-klimaatinformatie-en-het-verbod-op-fossiele-reclame.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A February 2025 survey of 1,000 Dutch citizens reveals strong cross-political support for measures to combat climate disinformation. A majority believe that banning misleading fossil fuel advertising (71%) and legally requiring Big Tech companies to stop spreading climate disinformation (79%) would be effective. While support is high, awareness of these specific policy options is lower, with only 30% of respondents having heard of increasing resources for fact-checking organizations. The report notes that older respondents are generally more convinced of the effectiveness of these measures than younger people, despite the latter being more exposed to online disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000058#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A significant majority of Dutch respondents believe that policies aimed at information integrity are effective, with support levels between 68% and 79% for various measures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000058#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"79% of the Dutch public considers it effective to legally obligate social media companies to stop the spread of misleading climate change information on their platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000058#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Three-quarters of respondents (75%) view combating the spread of climate disinformation as an effective way to protect public debate and freedom of expression.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000058#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a gap between the perceived effectiveness of measures and public awareness of them; for example, while 79% believe Big Tech obligations are effective, only 49% were aware such a measure was possible prior to the poll.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000058#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Awareness of measures is lowest for the provision of more resources to fact-checking organizations, which only 30% of respondents had heard of.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000058#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Support for these measures is broadly distributed across the political spectrum, including voters of the PVV, VVD, and GL/PvdA, although GL/PvdA voters generally score the highest in terms of perceived effectiveness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000058#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Demographic trends indicate that older people are more likely to believe that information integrity measures are effective than younger people, while younger people, men, and those with higher education tend to have higher awareness of the measures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000058#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The city of The Hague became the first local government globally in 2025 to implement a local ordinance banning fossil fuel advertising and advertising for high CO2-emission activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000058#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","Fossil fuel advertising","greenwashing"],"geography_discussed":["The Hague"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["opinion poll","demographic analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000062","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000062","title":"Surveying the Netherlands: Public Views on Climate Information Integrity and the Fossil Fuel Ad Ban","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Surveying-the-Netherlands-Public-Views-on-Climate-Information-Integrity-and-the-Fossil-Fuel-Ad-Ban.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A survey of 1,000 Dutch citizens found broad cross-political support for regulatory measures to combat climate disinformation, including banning fossil fuel advertising and holding social media companies legally accountable for the amplification of false content. While a majority believe these measures are effective, awareness of specific policy options remains relatively low, particularly regarding the funding of fact-checking organizations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000062#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A significant majority of the Dutch public supports regulatory measures to reduce climate disinformation, with 71% believing that banning misleading advertisements or those promoting harmful behaviors, such as high-carbon travel, would be effective.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000062#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong public support for holding social media companies legally responsible for the spread of climate misinformation, with 79% of respondents viewing this as an effective measure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000062#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The public generally views the fight against climate disinformation as a means of protecting democratic values, with 75% stating that preventing the spread of such disinformation is an effective way to safeguard public discourse and freedom of speech.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000062#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Other perceived effective measures include government investment in public awareness campaigns (supported by 76%) and providing more resources to fact-checking organizations (supported by 68%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000062#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Awareness of these policy solutions is notably lower than the belief in their effectiveness; for example, only 49% of respondents were aware that social media companies could be legally required to prevent the amplification of climate misinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000062#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The least known measure among the public is the provision of more resources to fact-checking organizations, which only 30% of respondents reported having heard of.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000062#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Demographic analysis indicates that older people are generally more likely to believe in the effectiveness of information integrity measures, while younger people, men, and those with tertiary education report higher levels of awareness of these measures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000062#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","greenwashing"],"geography_discussed":["The Hague"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"caad-000018","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000018","title":"Data Monitor: December 2024 - Robo Cops","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2024-12-27","source_url":"https://caad.info/analysis/uncategorized/data-monitor-december-2024-robo-cops/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details a campaign of coordinated inauthentic activity on social media platforms—primarily X, Facebook, and YouTube—attributed to Azerbaijan during the lead-up to and duration of COP29. It highlights the use of thousands of bot-like accounts to amplify pro-government and pro-fossil fuel messaging while drowning out criticism of the regime's human rights record and climate policies. The report criticizes Big Tech companies for failing to enforce policies against coordinated inauthentic behavior and calls for better guardrails in the COP Presidency process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000018#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Research identified thousands of bot-like accounts on X used to amplify official Azerbaijani accounts and pro-fossil fuel messaging. Marc Owen Jones from Northwestern University in Qatar found 1,800 such accounts in October, while further analysis of 2,800 accounts showed the majority were created in three quarters of 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000018#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The bot activity effectively suppressed criticism of Azerbaijan's role in the conflict in Armenia. Global Witness observed that in July, 7 of the top 10 posts using #COP29 and #COP29Azerbaijan were critical of the country, but by September, all top posts for those hashtags originated from the official COP29 Azerbaijan account.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000018#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CAAD tracked 554 suspicious X accounts, finding that 464 of them posted the phrase “#COP29 #COP29AZERBAIJAN” 5,632 times in the two weeks before the summit. A significant portion of this activity (77.1%) consisted of quote tweets of the official @COP29_AZ account, with spikes in activity coinciding with negative news reports about gas production and the arrest of a climate activist.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000018#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Inauthentic activity extended to Facebook and YouTube, including the use of identical banner images for 'welcome to COP29' posts and a 'brigade' of hostile comments targeting Abzas Media. These Facebook accounts often used AI-generated headshots or images stolen from Russian, Turkish, or Pinterest sites.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000018#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenwashing","fossil fuel industry","climate change disinformation","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Armenia","Qatar","Brazil","Russia","Turkey"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["social media analysis","network analysis"]}]}