{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["Center for Climate Change Communication"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":241,"relation":"eq"},"page":9,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=center-for-climate-change-communication&page=9","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?organization=center-for-climate-change-communication&page=10","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"commgmu-000005","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000005","title":"Evaluation of a National High School Entertainment Education Program","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2014-09-29","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/evaluation-of-a-national-high-school-entertainment-education-program/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study assesses an 'edutainment' high school assembly program using a random sample of 49 schools and 1,241 students. Results indicate that the program positively influenced youth knowledge and behavior, shifting students into audience segments more engaged with climate change and inspiring further personal, political, and consumer advocacy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000005#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Exposure to climate science through an engaging entertainment education format leads to positive changes in youth knowledge, beliefs, involvement, and behavior, shifting them into audience segments that are more engaged with the issue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000005#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Scaled, multi-sensory programs for youth have the potential to create a population-level shift in science-informed engagement regarding climate change and can motivate students toward deeper school involvement, personal action, and advocacy in political and consumer spheres.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000005#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change communication"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact evaluation"]},{"id":"commgmu-000001","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000001","title":"The Mutual Reinforcement of Media Selectivity and Effects: Testing the Reinforcing Spirals Framework in the Context of Global Warming","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2014-07-18","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/the-mutual-reinforcement-of-media-selectivity-and-effects/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study finds that conservative media use is negatively related to global warming belief certainty and policy support, while nonconservative media use is positively associated with them. It further demonstrates a reinforcing cycle where initial media consumption shapes beliefs, which in turn increases the likelihood of continuing to consume the same type of media, subsequently strengthening those beliefs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000001#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Conservative media use is negatively associated with certainty regarding global warming beliefs and support for mitigation policies, whereas nonconservative media use is positively associated with both.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000001#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A reinforcing cycle exists where media consumption at an initial stage increases the likelihood of consuming the same media at a later stage, partly because the media influences the user's belief certainty and policy preferences, which then further reinforces those beliefs and preferences through continued use.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000001#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate change communication"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["panel survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000010","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000010","title":"The Genesis of Climate Change Activism: From Key Beliefs to Political Action","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2014-05-10","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/the-genesis-of-climate-change-activism-the-genesis-of-climate-change-activism-from-key-beliefs-to-political-action/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research identifies key psychological and social drivers of climate activism in the U.S., finding that activists are more likely to view global warming as a serious but solvable threat and believe in the efficacy of collective action. The authors recommend that climate messaging combine threat warnings with actionable steps and support for social opinion leaders to overcome widespread public skepticism regarding the effectiveness of political activism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000010#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate activists differ from non-activists by having a higher likelihood of perceiving global warming as a serious threat, believing it is solvable, believing in the efficacy of individual and collective actions, and acting as opinion leaders in their social networks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000010#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective climate movement building should pair messages about the threat of human-caused global warming with information on effective individual actions, as many Americans view political participation as hindered by barriers and have low expectations of its effectiveness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000010#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change communication","fossil-fuel divestment","coal-fired power station"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["social science research","survey analysis"]},{"id":"commgmu-000095","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000095","title":"Climate Scientists Need to Set the Record Straight: There is a Scientific Consensus that Human-Caused Climate Change is Happening","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2014-05-07","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/there-is-scientific-consensus-that-human-caused-climate-change-is-happening/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document highlights a significant disconnect between the scientific community and the American public regarding the consensus on human-caused climate change. While nearly all climate scientists agree that human-caused climate change is occurring, approximately half of Americans are either unaware of or do not believe in this consensus. The author asserts that this lack of understanding is critical and calls for climate science societies and individual scientists to take action to correct the record.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000095#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a near-unanimous consensus among climate scientists that human-caused climate change is occurring, but approximately 50% of Americans either do not know or do not believe this consensus exists.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000095#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate change communication"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["argumentative"]},{"id":"commgmu-000203","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000203","title":"WHAT’S IN A NAME? GLOBAL WARMING VERSUS CLIMATE CHANGE","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2014-05","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/May-2014-Global-Warming-vs.-Climate-Change.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that 'global warming' and 'climate change' are not synonymous for many Americans, with 'global warming' generally being more engaging and evoking stronger negative emotions, a greater sense of urgency, and higher levels of personal and familial threat. While the terms are largely synonymous for Republicans, the use of 'climate change' appears to reduce engagement among Democrats, Independents, liberals, and moderates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000203#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Americans are more likely to hear and personally use the term 'global warming' than 'climate change', despite being equally familiar with both. In a January 2014 survey, 45% of respondents said they hear 'global warming' more often compared to 12% for 'climate change', and 35% personally use 'global warming' more often than 16% use 'climate change'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000203#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The term 'global warming' evokes stronger negative emotional responses than 'climate change'. Overall, 76% of Americans rate 'global warming' as a 'bad thing' compared to 63% for 'climate change'. This difference is particularly pronounced among Hispanics (+22 percentage points) and African Americans (+20 percentage points) when rating the term as a 'very bad thing'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000203#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The two terms trigger different mental associations. 'Global warming' is more strongly associated with 'Icemelt', 'Alarm', 'Flood', and 'Ozone'. In contrast, 'climate change' is more frequently associated with 'Weather' and the phrase 'global warming'. Within the weather category, 'global warming' is more likely to be linked to 'extreme weather' (38%) than 'climate change' (27%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000203#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The term 'global warming' increases certainty and perceived threat. Americans are 7 percentage points more likely to be 'extremely sure' that global warming is happening (27%) than climate change (20%). Furthermore, 'global warming' generates a higher sense of personal threat (38% vs 30%) and threat to family (42% vs 33%) than 'climate change'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000203#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of 'global warming' leads to higher priority ratings for government action and a greater willingness to engage in activism. More Americans believe the president and Congress should make 'global warming' a high or very high priority (36%) compared to 'climate change' (30%). Additionally, 29% of Americans would join a campaign to reduce 'global warming' versus 23% for 'climate change'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000203#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The impact of the terminology varies by political affiliation. For Republicans, the terms are generally synonymous, although 'global warming' can still generate stronger feelings of threat and a higher belief that it is affecting U.S. weather. However, for Democrats, Independents, liberals, and moderates, the term 'climate change' appears to reduce issue engagement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000203#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate change communication","environmental policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","comparative analysis","behavioral analysis"]},{"id":"commgmu-000002","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000002","title":"Climate change in the American mind: April, 2014","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2014-04-09","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/the-climate-change-in-the-american-mind-series-spring-2014/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while a majority of Americans believe global warming is occurring and are increasingly certain of it, there is a significant gap between public perception and scientific consensus regarding human causality. Only 15% of Americans are 'very worried' about global warming, with many viewing it as a distant threat that will not personally harm them, their families, or their communities. Additionally, only one in three Americans occasionally discusses the topic with friends and family, often due to perceived disagreements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000002#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of Americans believe global warming is happening, and their certainty has increased over a three-year period. As of April 2014, 64% of Americans believe it is occurring, with 62% of those believers stating they are either 'extremely' (30%) or 'very' (32%) sure. This represents an increase from May 2011, when only 54% of believers were as sure. Conversely, those who believe global warming is not happening became less certain, dropping from 52% in May 2011 to 41% in April 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000002#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a disconnect between public perception and scientific consensus regarding the cause of global warming. While 97% of climate scientists conclude that human-caused global warming is happening, only 44% of Americans believe global warming is both happening and human caused. Furthermore, only 12% of Americans are aware that 90% or more of scientists have reached this conclusion, while 14% believe fewer than half of scientists agree.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000002#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many Americans perceive global warming as a distant threat rather than an immediate personal risk. Only 15% of Americans report being 'very worried' about global warming, and only one in three believe people in the U.S. are being harmed 'right now'. While 67% believe future generations will be harmed a great deal or a moderate amount, only 38% believe they will be personally harmed, 43% believe their family will be harmed, and 45% believe people in their community will be harmed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000002#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public optimism regarding the ability to reduce global warming is low. Only 6% of Americans believe humans can and will successfully reduce global warming. In contrast, 25% believe it will not be reduced because people are unwilling to change their behavior, and 16% believe it cannot be reduced even if it is happening. Another 42% believe reduction is possible but are unsure if necessary actions will be taken.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000002#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social discussion of global warming is infrequent, largely driven by perceived lack of agreement among peers. Only one in three Americans occasionally discusses the topic with family and friends. Among those who feel none of their friends share their views, 77% never discuss it, compared to 25% of those who feel all their friends share their views.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000002#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000141","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000141","title":"Climate Change in the American Mind","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2014-04","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/April-2014-Climate-Change-in-the-American-Mind.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The April 2014 survey 'Climate Change in the American Mind' reveals that while a majority of Americans (64%) believe global warming is happening and are increasingly certain of it, there is a significant gap between public perception and scientific consensus. Only 44% of Americans believe global warming is both happening and human-caused, and only 12% are aware that 90% or more of climate scientists agree on this. Despite these beliefs, few Americans are 'very worried' (15%), often perceiving it as a distant threat that will harm future generations more than themselves. Additionally, the topic is rarely discussed in social circles, with two-thirds of respondents saying they 'rarely' or 'never' discuss it with family and friends.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000141#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of Americans believe global warming is occurring, and their certainty has increased over a three-year period. As of April 2014, 64% of Americans think global warming is happening. Among those who believe it is happening, 62% are either 'extremely' or 'very' sure, compared to 54% in May 2011.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000141#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public opinion is split on the cause of global warming, with about half of Americans attributing it to human activity and one-third attributing it to natural environmental changes. Specifically, 52% believe it is mostly human-caused and 32% believe it is due to natural changes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000141#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a stark disconnect between the scientific consensus and public understanding. While 97% of climate scientists conclude human-caused global warming is happening, only 44% of Americans believe it is both happening and human-caused. Furthermore, only 12% of Americans know that 90% or more of scientists have reached this conclusion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000141#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most Americans perceive global warming as a distant threat rather than an immediate personal danger. Only 15% of respondents report being 'very worried' about global warming, and only 32% believe people in the U.S. are being harmed 'right now'. While 67% believe future generations will be harmed a 'great deal' or 'moderate amount', only 38% believe they will be personally harmed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000141#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public optimism regarding the ability to reduce global warming is low. Only 6% of Americans believe humans can and will successfully reduce global warming. The most common view (42%) is that humans could reduce it, but it is unclear if the necessary actions will be taken.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000141#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global warming is infrequently discussed in social settings, often due to perceived disagreement. Two-thirds of Americans 'rarely' or 'never' discuss the topic with family and friends. Among those who feel none of their friends share their views, 77% never discuss it.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000141#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate change communication"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000118","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000118","title":"Maryland’s Six Climate Change Audiences","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2014","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2013-July-Marylands-Six-Climate-Change-Audiences.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report segments Marylanders into six climate change audiences: Alarmed, Concerned, Cautious, Disengaged, Doubtful, and Dismissive. In spring 2013, 62% of residents fell into the Alarmed (23%) and Concerned (39%) categories. The study finds high polarization regarding local environmental changes and health risks, while identifying broad support for renewable energy and the protection of public water supplies. It details the demographic and behavioral profiles of each segment to inform state climate and energy policy communication.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In spring 2013, 62% of Marylanders were categorized as having high levels of concern and motivation to take action regarding climate change, consisting of 23% in the 'Alarmed' segment and 39% in the 'Concerned' segment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Perceptions of local environmental and weather changes are highly polarized; the Alarmed (85%) and Concerned (54%) are the only groups likely to report that local weather has gotten 'worse'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Alarmed audience is the most likely to perceive an increase in local extreme weather events, specifically heat waves (68%), heavy rains (61%), high winds (57%), and tropical storms or hurricanes (55%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is majority support for increasing solar and wind energy in Maryland across four audiences (Alarmed, Concerned, Cautious, and Doubtful), with solar receiving the highest support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Dismissive audience is the most likely to correctly identify coal as a major source of electrical energy generated within the state (40%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public health risk perceptions vary by audience: the Alarmed, Concerned, Cautious, and Disengaged are most worried about air pollution, while the Doubtful and Dismissive are less likely to view any listed health threats as major or moderate risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is broad agreement across all six climate audiences that protecting public water supplies and sewer systems from environmental threats should be a high priority for state and local governments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The term 'climate change' is preferred by four of the six audiences, while the Alarmed audience is more likely to favor the term 'global warming'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Support for requiring Maryland electricity suppliers to use 20% renewable energy by 2022 is high among the Alarmed (93%), Concerned (85%), Cautious (70%), and Disengaged (57%), but lower among the Doubtful (42%) and Dismissive (20%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Five of the six audiences support the requirement for property sellers to disclose projected future risks, such as climate-related flooding; only the Dismissive audience opposes this (61%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000118#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["public health","air pollution","extreme weather event","renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","coal-fired power station","nuclear power","natural gas","hydraulic fracturing","greenhouse gas emissions","energy efficiency","sea level rise","coastal flood"],"geography_discussed":["United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","demographic analysis","policy preference assessment"]},{"id":"commgmu-000119","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000119","title":"Adapting to Climate Change & Sea Level Rise","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2014","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2014-Adapting-to-Claimte-Change-and-SLR.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2014 Maryland statewide survey reveals that while a majority of residents support state action to protect coastal areas from sea level rise and general climate harms, there is significant uncertainty regarding whether sea level rise is currently occurring and what causes it. Preferred adaptation strategies include changes to zoning regulations and long-range planning. Residents identify hotter weather and severe storms as the most likely local climate impacts, with agriculture, public health, and coastlines viewed as the most at-risk resources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000119#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of Maryland residents believe protecting coastal areas from sea level rise should be a high or very high priority for the Governor and General Assembly, with 55% expressing this view.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000119#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most supported policy responses to sea level rise are changes to regulations such as zoning laws and set-back distances (67%) and long-range planning (66%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000119#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a notable lack of awareness regarding the current state of sea level rise in Maryland; 53% of respondents do not know if it is currently happening along the state's shorelines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000119#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public understanding of the causes of sea level rise is limited, with 36% of residents unsure if the cause is natural or human-driven, although a majority believe climate change plays at least some role.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000119#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Maryland residents are most concerned about shoreline erosion and land loss (54%) as the primary impacts of sea level rise, followed by habitat loss (47%) and private property damage (44%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000119#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong general support for government action against climate change, with 73% of residents wanting local and state governments to take protective measures. The most supported specific actions are increasing urban trees (82%), restoring natural areas (80%), and improving farmer water efficiency (78%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000119#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Residents anticipate hotter weather (77%) and more severe storms (72%) as the most likely climate impacts in their communities over the next 10-20 years. Agriculture (56%), public health (55%), and coastlines (53%) are viewed as the resources most at risk in the coming years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000119#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sea level rise","climate change adaptation","coastal erosion","urban forestry","extreme weather event","public health"],"geography_discussed":["Western Region","Central Region","Southern Region","Eastern Region"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000120","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000120","title":"Public Beliefs, Behaviors & Preferences about Energy","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2014","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2014-Public-Beliefs-Behaviors-Preferences-about-Energy.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that a large majority of Marylanders favor increasing the use of renewable energy, particularly solar and wind, while expressing a desire to reduce the use of coal and petroleum. While there is strong support for state mandates requiring renewable energy percentages and for financial rebates on energy-efficient appliances, there is low interest and participation in home energy audits due to cost and awareness barriers. Additionally, the survey reveals a significant gap in support for natural gas depending on whether it is extracted via hydraulic fracturing within the state.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000120#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A large majority of Maryland residents want the state to increase its use of renewable energy for electricity generation, with solar (78%), offshore wind (69%), and land-based wind (69%) being the most favored sources. Support for solar and wind increased between 2013 and 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000120#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Maryland residents express a desire to reduce the use of petroleum (52%) and coal (50%) for electrical energy generation. In the central region, residents are more likely to prefer less coal (54%) compared to other regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000120#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a notable discrepancy in preferences for natural gas based on the extraction method; while 49% of residents want more natural gas used generally, only 28% support this if the gas is obtained through hydraulic fracturing (fracking) within Maryland.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000120#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","coal","natural gas","hydraulic fracturing","energy efficiency","hydroelectricity","nuclear power","biomass","Renewable portfolio standard"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000121","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000121","title":"Public Health, Energy & Climate Change A Maryland Statewide Survey","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2014","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2014-Public-health-energy-and-climate-change.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2014 survey of Maryland residents indicates a strong public perception that climate change harms human health, particularly through respiratory issues and heat stroke. While medical professionals are highly trusted sources of information, residents perceive fossil fuels and nuclear power as health hazards, contrasting with a view of solar and wind energy as non-harmful. The report also notes an increase in concern regarding chemical exposure and pollution, and identifies health care access and environmental health as top state policy priorities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000121#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of Maryland residents (55%) expect climate change to affect the health of people in their communities within the next several years. The most commonly cited risks are breathing and respiratory problems (72%), injuries from extreme weather (61%), and heat stroke (55%), while infectious disease is viewed as a less likely risk (42%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000121#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Maryland residents tend to perceive others as more vulnerable to climate change than themselves. While 65% believe future generations will be harmed \"a great deal,\" only 19% believe they will be. Additionally, people with medical conditions (59%) and the elderly (55%) are identified as very vulnerable, whereas young children (42%) and low-income individuals (36%) are less frequently cited.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000121#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Medical authorities are among the most trusted sources for climate change information, with 63% of residents trusting doctors and public health experts, nearly as high as the 70% who trust scientists at Maryland universities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000121#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There has been a significant increase in the perceived personal health risks from chemicals and pollution since 2013. Exposure to chemicals in food and products is now seen as a major risk by 55% of residents (a 23 percentage point increase), followed by polluted drinking water (52%), air pollution (47%), and second-hand smoke (41%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000121#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Improving access to health care (74%), reducing water pollution (81%), and creating jobs (89%) are ranked as the highest priorities for the state's governor and General Assembly. Climate change is viewed as a high or very high priority by 51% of residents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000121#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fossil fuels and nuclear power are widely perceived as harmful to health, with coal (72%), oil (64%), and nuclear power (58%) cited as somewhat or very harmful. Conversely, renewable energy is viewed as non-harmful, including solar (65%), land-based wind (58%), and offshore wind (57%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000121#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","public health","air pollution","water pollution","extreme weather event","coal","petroleum","nuclear power","solar energy","offshore wind power","hydraulic fracturing","environmental health"],"geography_discussed":["United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000122","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000122","title":"Public Perceptions of Climate Change","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2014","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2014-Public-perceptions-of-climate-change.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A 2014 statewide survey of Maryland residents reveals that 77% believe climate change is happening, with 55% viewing a particularly cold winter as evidence of this trend. While there is strong support for state-level energy efficiency and renewable energy policies, there is significant division regarding whether human activities are the primary cause of climate change. Trust in climate information is highest among university scientists, public health experts, and specific state agencies, while trust is lowest for the Governor's office and utility companies. Awareness of specific state climate policies has declined since 2013.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000122#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A strong majority of Maryland residents believe climate change is occurring, with 77% stating it is happening and 45% expressing they are \"extremely or very sure\" of this fact. This is notably higher than the national average of 64% reported in April 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000122#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The cold winter of 2013-2014 did not deter belief in climate change; 55% of residents viewed the cold weather as evidence that climate change is happening, while only 2% saw it as evidence that it is not happening.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000122#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public opinion is split on the drivers of climate change: 37% believe it is caused entirely or mostly by human activities, while 36% believe it is driven equally by human activities and natural environmental changes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000122#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gap in public understanding of scientific consensus; only 26% of Marylanders correctly identified that 81% or more of climate scientists agree that climate change is happening.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000122#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"University scientists (70%), public health experts (63%), and environmental organizations (52%) are the most trusted sources of climate information. Conversely, the Office of the Governor, local utility companies, and the General Assembly are more likely to be distrusted than trusted.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000122#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Maryland residents show high support for various state climate and energy policies, particularly expanding energy-efficiency rebates (82%) and supporting local agricultural products (82%). Other supported policies include reducing vehicle pollution (78%) and requiring 20% renewable electricity by 2022 (73%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000122#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite high support for policies, public awareness of them has decreased since 2013. Only two policies were recognized by a majority in 2014: reducing vehicle pollution (60%) and energy-efficiency rebates (56%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000122#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","energy efficiency","renewable energy","public transport","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000206","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000206","title":"Public Support for Climate and Energy Policies in November 2013","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2013-11","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Nov.-2013-Public-Support-for-Climate-and-Energy-Policies.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while global warming is not a top national priority for most Americans, there is broad support for specific clean energy policies, such as renewable energy research and tax rebates for energy-efficient vehicles. However, confidence in government's ability to address the issue remains low, and significant polarization exists between political parties and different psychological segments of the population.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Global warming is not among the top three national issue priorities for Americans, which are the economy, health care, and the federal budget deficit. It ranks 11th out of 13 measured issues, though 71% of Americans consider it at least a \"medium\" priority.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of Americans believe that corporations and industry (65%), citizens (61%), and the U.S. Congress (52%) should do more to address global warming, while 46% believe President Obama should do more.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong general support for U.S. action on climate change: 60% believe the U.S. should reduce greenhouse gas emissions regardless of other countries' actions, and 83% support efforts to reduce global warming even if there are economic costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans support several specific clean energy policies, including funding renewable energy research (72%), tax rebates for energy-efficient vehicles or solar panels (71%), and regulating CO2 as a pollutant (67%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Support for setting CO2 emission limits on coal-fired power plants decreases when the policy is explicitly linked to President Obama and the EPA; support drops from 63% to 59%, and strong opposition increases from 13% to 21%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public support for a carbon tax is limited. Only 43% support a carbon tax on fossil fuel companies if it costs the average household $180 per year. Support for a revenue-neutral tax swap is slightly higher, ranging from 45% to 49% depending on whether it reduces payroll, income, or provides a household refund.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Confidence in government's ability to mitigate global warming is low, with only 39% confident that federal or state/local policies can help reduce global warming, and 36-37% confident they can protect communities from its impacts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Political polarization is evident: 57% of Democrats view global warming as a high or very high priority, compared to 19% of Republicans and 25% of Independents. However, both parties show support for renewable energy research and CO2 regulation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Six Americas' segmentation reveals that the 'Alarmed' group (16% of the population) is the most likely to support climate policies and engage in political activism, while the 'Dismissive' group (15%) is the most opposed to action and most likely to support eliminating renewable energy subsidies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000206#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","renewable energy","carbon tax","energy efficiency","climate change communication","fossil fuel subsidy","energy independence","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","segmentation analysis","trend analysis"]},{"id":"commgmu-000185","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000185","title":"PERCEPTIONS OF EXTREME WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIRGINIA","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2013-07","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/July-2013-Perceptions-of-Extreme-Weather-and-Climate-Change-in-Virginia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A March 2013 survey of 2,000 Virginia adults who watch local TV news found that a large majority (85%) believe climate change is happening, though only about half are very or extremely sure. Many residents perceive an increase in extremely hot days and intense storms, often attributing this to climate change. Significant disparities in perception and trust exist across demographic lines, with Democrats, women, and urban residents generally more likely to view climate change as a human-caused problem and a personal risk, while Republicans and older adults are more likely to see weather changes as unrelated to climate change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000185#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A significant majority of Virginians believe climate change is occurring, though their level of certainty varies. While 85% report that climate change is happening, only 53% are \"very\" or \"extremely\" sure of this conviction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000185#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many residents perceive an increase in extreme weather in Virginia, specifically extremely hot days (60%) and intense storms (53%). Among those who see these events becoming more frequent, a majority (79%) believe climate change is either the major cause (28%) or one of many causes (51%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000185#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While there is high general trust in scientists (85%), there is a gap in understanding the scientific consensus. Only 43% of respondents believe that most scientists think climate change is happening, while 34% believe there is significant disagreement among scientists.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000185#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is viewed as personally relevant by 74% of respondents, and 51% believe they have personally experienced its effects. However, fewer are worried about it (49%) or believe it will harm them personally (44%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000185#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Political affiliation is a strong predictor of climate change perceptions. Democrats are the most likely to believe climate change is happening (95%) and human-caused (75%), whereas Republicans are the most likely to believe it is not happening (25%) and to view weather changes as unrelated to climate change (23%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000185#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Demographic differences exist regarding risk perception and trust. Women are more likely than men to be worried about climate change (51% vs 46%) and to believe it will harm them personally (50% vs 38%). Urban residents are more likely than rural residents to be certain that climate change is happening (89% vs 81%) and human-caused (70% vs 63%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000185#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","extreme weather event","extreme heat","drought"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000190","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000190","title":"june-2013-nudging-toward-a-healthy-natural-environment-how-behavioral-change-research-can-inform-conservation-11baa7ff683cafc7.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2013-06-10","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/June-2013-Nudging-Toward-a-Healthy-Natural-Environment-How-Behavioral-Change-Research-Can-Inform-Conservation.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that traditional conservation policies relying on regulation and financial incentives are often insufficient because they ignore the psychological and social drivers of human behavior. It proposes a 'soft policy' approach using 'nudges'—small changes in the decision-making context—to encourage voluntary pro-environmental actions. The authors identify five primary 'areas of influence' for behavior change: attitudes, personal agency, emotions, social norms, and the environmental/decision context. To improve conservation outcomes, the report recommends that practitioners explicitly use social science evidence, track social indicators alongside ecological ones, and employ experimental or quasi-experimental designs to identify causal relationships between interventions and behavioral changes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Traditional conservation tools like regulations and financial incentives often fail because they assume humans are primarily motivated by self-interest and material rewards, ignoring pro-social motivations such as fairness, trust, and identity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies five 'areas of influence' that can be leveraged to promote pro-environmental behavior: attitudes, personal agency, emotions, social norms, and the environmental or decision context.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Positive attitudes are necessary but often insufficient for behavior change; a 'gap' frequently exists between pro-environmental knowledge/attitudes and actual action due to barriers like social norms or lack of personal agency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Personal agency, or self-efficacy, is a critical driver of action, particularly when individuals perceive impediments to a behavior; it can be strengthened through feedback and by observing similar peers model the behavior.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Emotional responses, specifically 'affect,' often override cognitive evaluations in decision-making. While 'cute' animals can inspire conservation value, 'fear appeals' regarding threats like climate change can backfire if individuals do not believe they have the means to protect themselves.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social norms can be powerful motivators, but communicating descriptive norms (what others are doing) without injunctive norms (what is considered appropriate) can lead to a 'boomerang effect' where low-impact users increase their consumption to match the average.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Choice architecture, such as setting 'green' options as the default, can significantly influence behavior because people exhibit a bias toward the status quo.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report recommends a programmatic approach to behavioral change involving four stages: research for optimal design, pilot testing, implementation, and evaluation to create a feedback loop for adaptive management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To advance the field, the authors suggest developing searchable databases of behavioral interventions and using 'consensus conferences' to standardize terminology and identify research priorities across academic and practitioner communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000190#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","biodiversity conservation","natural resource management","environmental policy"],"geography_discussed":["Pakistan","Trinidad","People's Republic of China","Belize","Bangladesh","United States","United Kingdom","Mexico","Tanzania"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["literature review","policy recommendations","framework development"]},{"id":"commgmu-000050","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000050","title":"Extreme Weather and Climate Change in the American Mind","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2013-04-03","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/extreme-weather-and-climate-change-in-the-american-mind-november-2013/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that a majority of Americans perceive U.S. weather as having worsened in recent years, with 58% believing global warming affects U.S. weather. A high percentage of the population (85%) reported experiencing extreme weather in the past year, most commonly high winds and extreme heat. The document details regional variations in weather experiences and identifies public priorities for government protection of infrastructure, such as water supplies and transportation, against extreme weather over the next decade.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000050#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of Americans believe U.S. weather has deteriorated recently, with 59% stating it has been worse over the past several years. This sentiment is strongest in the West, where 63% report weather has been \"much\" or \"somewhat\" worse.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000050#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant public perception that global warming influences U.S. weather, with 58% of Americans agreeing. Specific events linked to global warming by the public include the 2012 record warmth (50%), the Midwest and Great Plains drought (49%), Superstorm Sandy (46%), and Superstorm Nemo (42%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000050#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Personal experience with extreme weather is widespread, with 85% of Americans experiencing at least one type in the past year, most frequently extreme high winds (60%) and extreme heat (51%). Approximately 37% of those who experienced such events reported being significantly harmed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000050#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans identify critical infrastructure at risk from extreme weather over the next 10 years, specifically agriculture (55%) and the electricity system (51%). There is strong public support for government prioritization of protecting public water supplies (78%) and transportation/roads/bridges (73%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000050#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","extreme weather event","drought","wildfire","hurricane","infrastructure resilience","agriculture"],"geography_discussed":["Midwestern United States","Great Plains"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000136","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000136","title":"Americans’ Actions to Limit Global Warming in April 2013","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2013-04","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/April-2013-Americans-Actions-to-Limit-Global-Warming-2013.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while many Americans adopt energy-efficient products and consider environmental impacts in purchasing, direct civic engagement with government officials remains low. There is a notable trend of decreasing confidence in the ability of individual energy-saving actions to substantially reduce global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000136#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Half of Americans (52%) consider environmental impacts at least \"occasionally\" when deciding whether to purchase a product, with 22% doing so \"very consistently\" or \"often\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000136#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among environmentally-conscious consumers, the most important product attributes are recyclability (78% say at least \"somewhat important\"), lack of environmental damage (73%), low resource use (65%), and lack of contribution to global warming (62%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000136#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of Americans (69%) bought locally grown or produced food and 42% bought organic food in the past 12 months; intentions for the next year are higher, with 79% intending to buy local and 57% intending to buy organic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000136#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Majorities of Americans intend to purchase energy-efficient appliances and fuel-efficient cars in the future, specifically kitchen appliances (75%), water heaters (71%), air conditioners (68%), furnaces (67%), and cars averaging 30+ mpg (61%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000136#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Direct civic engagement is low and stable; only 10% of Americans contacted a government official about global warming in the past year, a figure that has remained essentially unchanged since 2008.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000136#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite low active engagement, there is latent potential for civic action, as 38% of Americans agree they would be willing to join a campaign to convince elected officials to \"do the right thing\" about global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000136#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Adoption of compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) has increased, with 53% of Americans reporting that most or all of their home bulbs are CFLs, up from 40% in November 2008.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000136#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans have become less confident since 2008 that individual energy-saving actions can reduce global warming; only 31% believe such actions reduce their own contribution (down 17 points), and 56% believe such actions by most Americans would reduce global warming (down 22 points).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000136#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000137","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000137","title":"Climate Change in the American Mind","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2013-04","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/April-2013-Americans-Global-Warming-Beliefs-and-Attitudes-2013.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The April 2013 survey indicates that while a majority of Americans (63%) believe global warming is happening, there was a 7-point decline in this belief since Fall 2012, potentially due to a cold winter and March. About half of Americans believe global warming is human-caused and express worry about the issue. However, global warming is primarily perceived as a distant threat affecting future generations, other species, and people in developing countries more than individuals personally. There is also a trend of Americans feeling they have sufficient information to form opinions on the subject.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000137#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of Americans believe global warming is occurring, though this belief declined by 7 percentage points since Fall 2012 to 63%. This decrease was most notable in the South and Northeast, regions that experienced extreme cold and snow storms, suggesting that recent weather experiences influence public perception.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000137#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Belief in the human cause of global warming stands at 49%, a 5-point decrease from Fall 2012. Conversely, 33% of Americans believe global warming is primarily due to natural environmental changes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000137#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public perception of scientific consensus has shifted; 42% of Americans now believe most scientists agree that global warming is happening, compared to 33% who believe there is significant disagreement among scientists.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000137#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global warming is generally viewed as a distant threat. While 63% believe it will harm future generations and plant and animal species, only 40% believe they will personally be harmed a moderate or great deal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000137#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Perceptions of immediate harm are low, with 38% of Americans believing people worldwide are being harmed right now and 34% believing people in the United States are currently being harmed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000137#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a growing trend of Americans feeling they possess enough information to form a firm opinion on global warming, increasing from 23% in May 2011 to 34% in April 2013.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000137#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","anthropogenic climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Northeastern United States","South"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000138","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000138","title":"Extreme Weather and Climate Change in the American Mind","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2013-04","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/April-2013-Extreme-Weather-and-Cliamte-Change-in-the-American-Mind-2013.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The April 2013 report 'Extreme Weather and Climate Change in the American Mind' reveals that 58% of Americans believe global warming is affecting U.S. weather. A significant majority (85%) reported experiencing extreme weather in the past year, with 37% stating they suffered moderate or great harm. While over half of Americans believe a natural disaster in their community is likely in the coming year, only 31% have a family emergency plan and 36% have a supply kit. Communication about these events remains primarily face-to-face or via phone, despite some use of social media.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000138#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of Americans perceive a connection between global warming and domestic weather patterns, with 58% stating that \"global warming is affecting weather in the United States.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000138#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans frequently attribute the increased severity of specific recent weather events to global warming, including 2012 as the warmest year on record (50%), the Midwest and Great Plains drought (49%), Superstorm Sandy (46%), and Superstorm Nemo (42%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000138#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a growing perception that U.S. weather is deteriorating; 64% of Americans believe weather has been \"worse\" over the past several years, an increase of 12 percentage points since Spring 2012.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000138#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Personal experience with extreme weather is widespread, with 85% of Americans reporting at least one such event in the past year, most commonly extreme high winds (60%) and extreme heat waves (51%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000138#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proportion of Americans reporting significant harm from extreme weather is increasing, with 37% stating they suffered a \"moderate or great deal of harm\" in the past year, up 5 percentage points from Fall 2012.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000138#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite 54% of Americans believing it is \"very\" or \"somewhat likely\" that extreme weather will cause a natural disaster in their community within the next year, actual preparedness is low: only 31% have a known family emergency plan and 36% have an emergency supply kit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000138#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Interpersonal communication remains the dominant way Americans share experiences of extreme weather, with 89% talking face-to-face and 84% using the phone, while social media use is lower, such as 23% writing on Facebook.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000138#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","extreme weather event","extreme heat","drought","hurricane","extreme cold","climate change communication"],"geography_discussed":["Northeastern United States","West"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000139","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000139","title":"How Americans Communicate About Global Warming","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2013-04","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/April-2013-How-Americans-Communicate-About-Global-Warming-2013.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that most Americans rarely discuss global warming, preferring face-to-face or phone communication over social media, especially after extreme weather events. It highlights that family and friends are the most influential in convincing individuals to take action. The 'Alarmed' segment is the most active in public and political communication, while the 'Dismissive' and 'Disengaged' are the least.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Only 33% of Americans report discussing global warming with friends or family at least occasionally, a decrease of 8 percentage points since November 2008.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public communication about global warming is rare, with fewer than 8% of Americans engaging in activities such as sharing information on Facebook or Twitter (7%), posting online comments (6%), or contacting newspapers (5%) in the past year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans who experienced extreme weather events primarily communicated their experiences through face-to-face conversations (77%) or phone calls (66%), with significantly lower usage of social media for this purpose.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately 26% of Americans discussed a company's irresponsible environmental behavior with family or friends in the last 12 months, while 10% spread this information via the media or internet.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Contact with government officials regarding global warming has remained stable since 2008, with about 10% of Americans emailing, phoning, or writing to officials; 75% of those who did so urged the official to take action to reduce global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Family and friends are identified as the most effective influencers for convincing Americans to take action on global warming, specifically significant others (27%), children (21%), and close friends (17%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"When asked by a respected person, Americans are most likely to sign a petition (45%), attend a public meeting (36%), or attend a neighborhood meeting (35%) regarding global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a notable openness to non-violent civil disobedience against corporate or government activities that exacerbate global warming, with 24% supporting such organizations and 13% willing to personally participate.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Alarmed' segment (16% of the population) is the most active in communication, with 18% sharing information on social media and 29% contacting government officials, whereas the 'Dismissive' (13%) and 'Disengaged' (5%) are the least active.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Facebook usage for news consumption is highest among the Concerned (57%), while the Cautious and Disengaged are the most likely to comment on or share news stories on the platform (36% and 30% respectively).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000139#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate change communication","extreme weather event","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","segmentation analysis"]}]}