{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Yorkshire and the Humber"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'Yorkshire and the Humber' for facet 'geography' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":6,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Yorkshire+and+the+Humber","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"sei-001361","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001361","title":"Green Streets","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2009-10","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Rethinking-development/Sustainable_consumption_and_production/FinalGreenStreetsReportOct2009.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study finds that the average York resident has a carbon footprint of 12.58 tonnes of CO2 per year, with housing and transport accounting for 60% of this total. Analysis of Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) reveals significant variation: the highest footprints are found in city centre, rural, and commuter areas, while the lowest are in disadvantaged urban areas or student-heavy neighbourhoods. The report identifies a gap between green attitudes and actual behaviour, noting that some neighbourhoods with strong green attitudes still maintain high footprints. By combining data on emissions, resident attitudes, and local infrastructure, the report identifies specific neighbourhoods with the 'highest potential' for change. For housing, these include Heworth Without Rural and South Bank Central; for transport, the Holgate and Osbaldwick areas are highlighted. The findings support the 'York Green Streets Challenge', a project targeting 100 households to achieve a 10% reduction in their carbon footprint in 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001361#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The average carbon footprint for a resident of York is 12.58 tonnes of CO2 per year, which is slightly higher than the UK average of 12.12 tonnes and the Yorkshire and Humber average of 12.21 tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001361#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Housing and transport are the primary drivers of York's carbon footprint, together representing nearly 60% of the total.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001361#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Carbon footprints vary by neighbourhood: Dringhouses Central has the highest average footprint at 14.51 tonnes of CO2 per person, while Heslington has the lowest at 9.01 tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001361#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a correlation between geography and footprint size, where the highest footprints are typically in the city centre, rural, or commuter areas, and the lowest are in disadvantaged urban areas or those with many students.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001361#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A gap exists between environmental attitudes and behaviour; neighbourhoods with strong green attitudes often still have large carbon footprints, with Heslington being the only exception that has both a strong green attitude and a low footprint.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001361#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The neighbourhoods identified as having the greatest potential to reduce their housing carbon footprint are Heworth Without Rural, South Bank Central, Heworth West, Heworth North, Westfield North West, and Huntington Far South.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001361#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The neighbourhoods with the highest potential to reduce their transport carbon footprint are Holgate North West, Holgate East, Holgate South East, and Osbaldwick.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001361#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local infrastructure, such as inadequate loft insulation or distance to services, acts as a barrier to green lifestyles. For example, Westfield North West, Woodthorpe South, Minster, and Bishophill have the highest proportions of homes with inadequate loft insulation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001361#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon footprint","building performance","sustainable transport","climate change adaptation","urban planning","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Yorkshire and the Humber","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["carbon footprinting","socio-economic analysis","spatial analysis"]},{"id":"sei-001210","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001210","title":"Achieving low carbon and sustainable transport systems in Yorkshire and Humber","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2008-03-18","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Future/achieving-low-carbon-sustainable-transport-yorkshire-humber.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report investigates the feasibility of reducing transport-related CO2 emissions in Yorkshire and Humber using the REAP model. It tests three scenarios: Business as Usual, Step Change, and Accelerated. Findings indicate that while a combination of practical measures (such as Bus Rapid Transit, teleworking, and rail improvements) can flatten emission growth, they are insufficient to meet the theoretical targets of the Stabilising Carbon Trends scenario. Aviation is identified as a major driver of emissions that remains largely outside regional policy control. The report concludes that the scale of investment required for these reductions is unprecedented and likely unaffordable under current funding mechanisms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001210#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Even with the large-scale implementation of an 'uncompromising suite' of practical transport policy interventions, the region is unlikely to achieve the carbon reduction levels required by the theoretical Stabilising Carbon Trends (SCT) scenario.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001210#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Accelerated' scenario, which implements the majority of measures between 2011 and 2016, succeeds in changing the direction of travel for land transport emissions and flattening their growth, though it still remains above the 2001 baseline.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001210#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Aviation emissions are a critical challenge, as they are projected to more than double per capita between 2001 and 2021, and by 2021 they are expected to account for nearly 40% of emissions under the Accelerated scenario.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001210#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"No single transport intervention provides a complete solution; instead, a combination of measures is necessary as each individual intervention delivers a broadly similar level of impact.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001210#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The scale of investment and delivery required for the modelled scenarios is described as unprecedented and unrealistic under current regional funding and resource contexts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001210#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Stakeholder consultation revealed that 'soft' measures and land use planning are highly acceptable, while road charging mechanisms and rationing personal carbon use are the least acceptable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001210#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a risk of a 'rebound' effect where carbon savings from transport policies are lost because individuals use saved time or money on other carbon-intensive activities, such as air travel.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001210#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Modelled results suggest that existing transport policies are primarily urban-focused, as CO2 emissions per capita in some rural local authorities increased by as much as 16.4% under the Accelerated scenario.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001210#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon dioxide emissions","sustainable transport","land-use planning","bus rapid transit","climate change mitigation","transport policy"],"geography_discussed":["World","Dublin","Belfast","Leeds","Kingston upon Hull","Sheffield","Rotherham","Netherlands","Germany","York","Nottingham","Brighton","Milton Keynes","London","Oxford","London Borough of Camden"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["carbon emission modelling","policy evaluation","scenario analysis"]},{"id":"sei-001539","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001539","title":"FACT SHEET Software name: Resources and Energy Analysis Programme (REAP)","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2008","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/reap.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Resources and Energy Analysis Programme (REAP) is a software tool developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to track the environmental consequences of economic activity by analyzing consumption patterns across various spatial scales. It calculates ecological, carbon, and greenhouse gas footprints by combining consumption data with production impacts throughout the supply chain. In the UK, REAP has been applied in over 50 projects, including evaluating regional strategies and creating footprint reduction roadmaps. The tool emphasizes a lifecycle approach, highlighting that consumption-based emissions can exceed production-based emissions due to trade balances, as seen in the UK and Sweden.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"REAP is a software tool used to calculate and monitor ecological, carbon, and greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints for populations at local authority, regional, and national levels in the UK by combining consumption data with production impacts across the entire supply chain.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The software utilizes a scenario editor to assess the potential environmental impacts of policies in sectors such as energy, transport, food, housing, and planning, allowing users to test specific interventions like sustainable home codes or fuel efficiency improvements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Lifecycle analysis reveals that consumption-based emissions are often higher than production-based emissions in developed economies due to imports; specifically, UK consumption emissions were 21% higher than production emissions, and Swedish consumer emissions were 17% higher than producer emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Since its February 2006 launch in the UK, REAP has been used in over 50 projects, with approximately 20 local authorities integrating it into their policy processes and over two-thirds of all UK local authorities utilizing its footprint data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"REAP has been applied to specific UK regional policy tasks, including evaluating strategies in the West Midlands and Yorkshire and Humber, creating reduction roadmaps for Wales and the South East, and assessing housing policies in the Leeds City Region.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","carbon footprint","energy efficiency","transport policy"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden","Yorkshire and the Humber","West Midlands","South East England","Wales","Tees Valley","Greater Nottingham","Leeds City Region","Europe","Thailand","People's Republic of China","Canada","Australia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["software description","policy impact assessment"]},{"id":"sei-001583","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001583","title":"Carbon Footprint of Housing in the Leeds City Region – A Best Practice Scenario Analysis","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2008","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/sei-2008-wp-leeds-best-practice.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies that the Leeds City Region must reduce housing-related CO2e emissions by 38 million tonnes by 2026 to align with national 2050 targets. The most impactful measure is the major retrofit of existing homes, which could provide 53.2% of the required reduction. Other essential measures include behavioural change (22%), low and zero carbon technologies (12.4%), and stricter new build standards (9%). The study concludes that a combination of these measures, supplemented by either external wall insulation, additional LZC installations, or selective demolition and rebuild of inefficient properties, is necessary to meet the target.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001583#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"To remain on track for an 80% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050, the housing sector in the Leeds City Region needs to reduce its total carbon dioxide emissions by 38 million tonnes between 2010 and 2026.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001583#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Retrofitting existing homes is the most effective single measure for carbon reduction, potentially delivering 53.2% of the 38 million tonne target. This involves providing loft insulation to 90% of homes, cavity wall insulation to 95% of eligible homes, energy-saving light bulbs to 90% of homes, and condensing boilers to 90% of gas-heated homes by 2026.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001583#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Behavioural change, driven by educational campaigns and incentives like smart metering to achieve an annual energy consumption reduction of 0.6%, is estimated to contribute 22% (8.3 million tonnes) toward the reduction target.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001583#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The installation of Low and Zero Carbon (LZC) technologies in 35% of the existing housing stock (approximately 500,000 installations by 2026) would provide a 12.4% reduction, totaling 4.7 million tonnes of CO2e.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001583#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ensuring all new homes comply with the Code for Sustainable Homes timetable—reaching 'zero carbon' by 2016—would contribute 9% (3.5 million tonnes) to the required reduction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001583#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A combination of the essential measures (retrofit, behavioural change, LZCs, and new build standards) would leave a shortfall of 1.3 million tonnes. This can be met by one of three optional measures: fitting external wall insulation to 90,000 properties, installing LZC technology in an additional 170,000 homes, or the energy-efficient rebuild of 51,000 poorly performing properties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001583#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Under a 'Continuing Trends' scenario, where historical trends in energy efficiency and population growth persist, total CO2e emissions from housing in the Leeds City Region are projected to increase by 7% to 16% between 2007 and 2026.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001583#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon footprint","energy efficiency","residential building","Building retrofit","greenhouse gas emissions","photovoltaics"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","Yorkshire and the Humber","Harrogate","Kirklees","Calderdale","Leeds","Bradford","Barnsley","York","Craven","Selby","Wakefield","Germany","Sweden"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scenario analysis","carbon accounting"]},{"id":"sei-001286","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001286","title":"Greening The Greys","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2007-02","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Future/ClimateChangeandOver50s.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that UK baby boomers (50-64) have the highest carbon footprint due to high spending on travel and consumption, while the oldest group (75+) has the highest climate impact per pound spent, primarily due to home heating. Despite general fear and motivation to act, older adults face barriers such as the cost of public transport and high capital costs for home energy efficiency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001286#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Baby boomers (aged 50-64) possess the highest carbon footprint of any age group in the UK, emitting 13.52 tonnes of CO2 per capita per year, which is 1.5 to 2.5 tonnes more than other age groups.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001286#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The carbon emissions of baby boomers are primarily driven by high spending on travel, including car dependency and holidays abroad, as well as eating out and consumables.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001286#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Seniors (65-74) have the second highest carbon footprint at 12.10 tonnes of CO2 per capita per year, with home energy emissions 33 per cent higher than the national average.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001286#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Elders (75+) have the highest climate impact per pound spent because carbon-intensive home heating represents 40 per cent of their total carbon footprint.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001286#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A survey of over 50s in North Yorkshire indicates that 53.7 per cent feel 'fearful' of climate change, and 75 per cent believe the planet is already experiencing its consequences.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001286#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 72 per cent of over 50s feel motivated and 80 per cent believe they should personally take action, they express frustration over barriers such as the cost of public transport and the long payback periods for home energy efficiency investments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001286#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a strong consensus among the over 50s that the UK government and business sectors should provide stronger leadership and intervention to facilitate a low-carbon transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001286#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon footprint","transportation","public transport","aviation","Residential heating"],"geography_discussed":["North Yorkshire","Yorkshire and the Humber","Harrogate","Hambleton"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["demographic analysis","attitudinal survey","carbon accounting"]},{"id":"sei-001996","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001996","title":"USING REAP FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LEEDS CITY REGION RSS HOUSING POLICY","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Future/using_reap_environmental_assessment_leeds.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report uses the Resources and Energy Analysis Programme (REAP) to model 15 housing policy scenarios for the Leeds City Region between 2003 and 2026. It finds that a 'business as usual' approach based on the draft Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) would lead to an 8% increase in CO2 emissions from housing by 2026. Retrofitting existing housing stock is identified as the most effective single measure for reducing emissions, with potential net savings between 19% and 39% compared to the baseline. The most significant reductions are achieved through combined scenarios involving energy efficiency improvements, renewable energy targets, and increased demolition rates, which can save up to 43 mt of CO2.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001996#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Under a \"business as usual\" scenario aligned with the draft Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS), carbon dioxide emissions from housing in the Leeds City Region are projected to increase by 8% by 2026 compared to 2003 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001996#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Retrofitting existing housing stock is the most critical policy for reducing CO2 emissions on both a per-household and long-term overall basis, offering potential net carbon savings of 19% to 39% over the business as usual scenario.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001996#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Combined policy scenarios—integrating regulatory efficiency improvements, increased renewables, faster adoption of \"Ecohomes excellent\" standards, and retrofit measures—can achieve \"Factor 2\" energy reductions and save up to 43 mt of CO2 compared to the baseline.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001996#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The \"aspirational\" combined scenario (E1) is projected to result in total carbon dioxide emissions from housing in 2026 that are 50% lower than in 2003, with emissions per household decreasing by 56%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001996#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In 2003, housing accounted for 23% of the total carbon dioxide emissions and 19% of the total Ecological Footprint attributed to the Leeds City Region.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001996#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report notes that while the draft RSS emphasizes climate change as a core strategic approach, the specific housing component of the RSS does not directly address climate change, global sustainability, or policies to reduce emissions and energy use.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001996#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon dioxide emissions","energy efficiency","Building retrofit","renewable energy","sustainable development"],"geography_discussed":["Yorkshire and the Humber","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scenario modelling","environmental assessment"]}]}