{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Yogyakarta"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'Yogyakarta' for facet 'geography' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":12,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Yogyakarta","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"trendas-000010","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/trendas-000010","title":"Diskusi Buku Konde.co, Marjin Kiri, dan Trend Asia Didatangi Polisi yang Mempertanyakan Izin Keramaian","publisher":{"name":"Trend Asia","organization":"trend-asia"},"document_type":"statement","language":"id","date_published":"2025-12-24","source_url":"https://trendasia.org/pernyataan-sikap-konde-co-marjin-kiri-trend-asia-dan-bawa-buku-atas-pengawasan-berlebihan-kepolisian-terhadap-diskusi-buku-pembangunan-untuk-siapa-kisah-perempuan-di-kampung-kami/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"Konde.co, Marjin Kiri, and Trend Asia issued a statement condemning police intimidation during a book discussion in Yogyakarta on December 22, 2025. Police officers visited the site twice, questioning the lack of a 'crowd permit' and monitoring the event until its conclusion. The organizers argue that public discussions are constitutional rights protected by the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 39/1999, and that the event did not meet the criteria for police notification under Law No. 9/1998 or Police Regulation No. 7/2023. The statement links this surveillance to a broader pattern of silencing critical knowledge, specifically regarding the book's focus on women affected by the New Capital City (IKN), National Strategic Projects (PSN), the climate crisis, and corporate extractive expansion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000010#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Police officers visited a book discussion in Yogyakarta on December 22, 2025, twice—once before and once during the event—to question the organizers about a 'crowd permit' and remained on-site to monitor the proceedings until the end.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000010#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organizers assert that the demand for a crowd permit lacks a legal basis, as public discussions are constitutional rights guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution (Articles 28E and 28F), Law No. 39/1999 on Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000010#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The statement argues that the event did not fall under the scope of Law No. 9/1998, which only regulates demonstrations, parades, public meetings, and free forums, nor did it meet the criteria of Police Regulation No. 7/2023, as it was a small, quiet gathering in a private space.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000010#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The book being discussed, \"Pembangunan untuk Siapa? Kisah Perempuan di Kampung Kami\" (2025), documents the experiences of women in Indonesia affected by non-participatory development, specifically mentioning the New Capital City (IKN), National Strategic Projects (PSN), the climate crisis, and corporate extractive expansion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000010#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate crisis","extractive industry","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Indonesia","Jakarta"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"iisd-003110","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003110","title":"Indonesia’s Next Cooking Transition","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-12","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2025-12/indonesia-next-cooking-transition.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Indonesia faces significant fiscal strain and energy security risks due to its heavy reliance on imported, subsidized LPG, which is used by 84% of households. The report evaluates three alternatives: induction stoves, dimethyl ether (DME), and city gas. It concludes that induction is the only viable non-fossil option, offering health benefits and long-term fiscal savings if paired with electricity tariff reform and a decarbonized grid. DME and city gas are deemed economically unviable or incompatible with climate goals. The report provides a policy roadmap focusing on making electricity upgrades affordable, implementing means-tested induction subsidies, and reforming LPG subsidies to target only the poorest households.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003110#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Subsidized LPG is the dominant cooking fuel in Indonesia, used by 84% of households, but the country relies heavily on imports, with 2023 demand reaching 8 million tonnes against a domestic production of only 2 million tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003110#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"LPG subsidies are regressive because the 3-kg cylinders intended for low-income households are used across all income deciles, creating a substantial budget burden of IDR 80.2 trillion (USD 5.14 billion) in 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003110#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Induction stoves are identified as the most viable substitution option because they are cheaper than unsubsidized LPG and align with decarbonization goals if the electricity grid is decarbonized.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003110#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Dimethyl ether (DME) and city gas are considered unsuitable alternatives; DME is economically unviable and would increase emissions, while city gas requires massive infrastructure investment and risks creating stranded assets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003110#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A pilot program for induction stoves in Bali and Solo revealed that while 66% of users found them simpler and 50% found them safer, major barriers include the need for ferromagnetic cookware (cited by 66%) and perceived slower cooking speeds (cited by 40%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003110#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current electricity tariff structures discourage induction adoption because upgrading capacity (e.g., from 450 VA to 1,300 VA) can triple a household's bill even if consumption does not increase.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003110#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Reallocating LPG subsidies from the top 40% to 60% of households to fund induction capital costs could result in annual savings of IDR 7.61 trillion to IDR 11.87 trillion, with fiscal breakeven achieved in 3 to 5 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003110#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transition to non-fossil cooking must integrate gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) because women are the primary cooks and are disproportionately affected by fuel shortages and distribution inefficiencies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003110#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","fossil fuel subsidy","decarbonization","household air pollution","renewable energy","Net-zero emissions","energy security"],"geography_discussed":["Bali","Central Java","Jakarta","Yogyakarta","Bogor","Cibinong","Klender","South Sumatra"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","economic modeling","socio-technical analysis","gender analysis"]},{"id":"trendas-000008","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/trendas-000008","title":"Deklarasi Orang Muda untuk Keadilan Iklim, Keadilan Energi, Keadilan Ekonomi, dan Keadilan Antar Generasi","publisher":{"name":"Trend Asia","organization":"trend-asia"},"document_type":"statement","language":"id","date_published":"2025-10-28","source_url":"https://trendasia.org/deklarasi-orang-muda-untuk-keadilan-iklim-keadilan-energi-keadilan-ekonomi-dan-keadilan-antar-generasi/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document is a youth declaration from Indonesia calling for an energy transition that prioritizes human rights and ecological sustainability over corporate profit. It argues that the climate crisis is a result of power imbalances and economic greed, and demands that energy be treated as a right rather than a commodity. The declaration specifically rejects 'green' development projects that lead to the exploitation of community living spaces and natural resources, advocating instead for a transition driven by grassroots solidarity and local community energy initiatives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000008#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The authors argue that the climate crisis is not merely a natural disaster but a consequence of economic greed and power imbalances, where development and progress are used as justifications for environmental destruction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000008#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The declaration demands that energy be managed for the benefit of life rather than profit, asserting that energy is a right and a tool for liberation, and that the energy transition must be led by the people rather than markets or large corporations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000008#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The youth signatories reject any form of 'green' transition or investment that involves the exploitation of natural resources or the seizure of community land, water, and air.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000008#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate justice","energy justice","energy transition","clean energy"],"geography_discussed":["Kulon Progo","Yogyakarta"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["statement"]},{"id":"foei-000170","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000170","title":"No más desalojos: Solidaridad con los pueblos de la isla de Rempang, Indonesia","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"statement","language":"es","date_published":"2023-09-18","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/es/isla-de-rempang-indonesia-solidaridad/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document denounces the violent repression of residents on Rempang Island who protested against a National Strategic Program to build an 'eco-city' without local consent. It highlights a pattern of non-inclusive development and criminalization of indigenous peoples and social movements in Indonesia, citing similar conflicts in Wadas and Kulonprogo. The organization demands the cancellation of the Rempang project, an end to police violence, and a permanent moratorium on national strategic projects in indigenous and local community territories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000170#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"On September 7, police actions to measure land on Rempang Island led to violent clashes, resulting in hundreds of injuries, the arrest of at least 20 people, and the criminalization of 8 residents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000170#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proposed 'eco-city' development on Rempang Island, led by BP Batam, involves the forced eviction of populations living in 16 traditional Old Melayu villages (kampong melayu tua) established in 1834.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000170#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The conflict on Rempang Island is part of a broader pattern of non-inclusive development and police repression in Indonesia, with previous instances occurring in Wadas (due to a dam project in Bener, Central Java) and Kulonprogo (due to a new international airport in Yogyakarta).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000170#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Friends of the Earth International and WALHI demand that the Indonesian government cancel the Rempang eco-city project, stop deploying police forces on the island, and implement a permanent moratorium on national strategic projects in indigenous and local community territories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000170#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["land tenure","indigenous people","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Wadas","Kulonprogo","Bener","Central Java","Yogyakarta","Riau Islands","Batam"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["statement"]},{"id":"foei-000217","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000217","title":"Stop à l’expulsion : solidarité avec les habitants de l’île de Rempang, Indonésie","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"statement","language":"fr","date_published":"2023-09-18","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/fr/lile-de-rempang-indonesie-solidarite/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Friends of the Earth International and WALHI condemn the violent police crackdown on September 7, 2023, on Rempang Island, where residents protested a government-led \"eco-city\" project. The statement highlights a pattern of non-inclusive development and criminalization of indigenous and local communities in Indonesia, citing similar conflicts in Wadas and Kulonprogo. The organizations demand the cancellation of the Rempang eco-city plan, an end to police violence, and a permanent moratorium on national strategic projects in indigenous and local territories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000217#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"On September 7, 2023, police actions on Rempang Island to implement land measures led to violent clashes, resulting in hundreds of injuries, the use of tear gas that endangered schoolchildren, at least 20 arrests, and the incrimination of 8 residents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000217#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The planned \"eco-city\" development on Rempang Island, led by BP Batam, requires the displacement of residents who have lived in 16 traditional Melayu villages (kampong melayu tua) since 1834.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000217#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The situation on Rempang Island is part of a broader trend of non-inclusive development and state repression in Indonesia, with similar conflicts occurring in Wadas (due to a dam project in Bener, Central Java) and Kulonprogo (due to a new international airport in Yogyakarta).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000217#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Friends of the Earth International and WALHI demand that the Indonesian government cancel the Rempang eco-city project, stop police deployment on the island, and establish a permanent moratorium on national strategic projects located in indigenous and local community territories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000217#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["land tenure","indigenous people","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Batam","Riau Islands","Wadas","Kulonprogo","Bener","Central Java","Yogyakarta"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["statement"]},{"id":"foei-000220","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000220","title":"Solidarité internationaliste avec Wadas","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"statement","language":"fr","date_published":"2022-03-09","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/fr/solidarite-internationaliste-avec-wadas-indonesie/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Friends of the Earth International denounces the February 2022 police crackdown in Wadas, Indonesia, where at least 63 people were arrested during land measurements for an andesite mine. The document argues that the project threatens productive agricultural land and water sources, and frames the incident as part of a broader pattern of criminalization of environmental defenders in Indonesia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000220#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"On February 8, 2022, approximately 250 police and military personnel entered Wadas village in Central Java to secure land measurements for a mining project, resulting in violence and the arbitrary arrest of at least 63 people, including 13 children.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000220#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The local population has opposed the andesite mining project since 2018, which involves 114 hectares of land to provide materials for the Bener dam. Residents fear environmental damage to productive agricultural hills that serve as water catchment areas with 23 springs and help prevent landslides.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000220#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The violence in Wadas is presented as part of a systemic pattern of police repression against those defending natural resources in Indonesia. Between 2021 and 2022, WALHI recorded at least 182 residents facing criminalization for protecting their lands, including incidents in Pasar Seluma (Bengkulu) in December 2021 and Parigi Moutong (Central Sulawesi) in February 2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000220#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["land tenure","water resource","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Bener","Purworejo","Yogyakarta","Pasar Seluma","Seluma","Bengkulu","Parigi Moutong","Central Sulawesi"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["human rights assessment","political statement"]},{"id":"iisd-001448","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001448","title":"Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-11","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/gender-fossil-fuel-subsidy-reform-indonesia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This report examines the intersection of gender and LPG subsidy reform in Indonesia, finding that current subsidies are regressive and fail to reach many poor women. It highlights that women are more vulnerable to price increases due to their primary role in cooking and household management, and that switching back to biomass fuels poses significant health risks through indoor air pollution.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001448#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The current LPG subsidy regime is regressive, with the majority of benefits captured by wealthier households. Only 12 per cent of the benefits flow to the bottom income quintile, while 70 per cent of spending benefits the non-poor.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001448#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"LPG distribution is unreliable and patchy, particularly in Maluku and Papua where consumption is negligible. Most consumers purchase subsidized LPG from small retailers at unofficial prices that can be up to 200 per cent higher than the official agent price.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001448#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are more vulnerable to LPG price increases than men because they are primarily responsible for cooking and household management. Potential impacts include eroded household budgets, reduced time for economic activity, and increased costs for small businesses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001448#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Switching from modern fuels like LPG back to traditional biomass due to price increases can lead to severe health issues. Indoor air pollution results in 45,000 premature deaths in Indonesia annually, with women and children more likely to report cough symptoms and have lower lung capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001448#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesian women face systemic economic disadvantages compared to men, including lower employment rates, fewer working hours, and lower incomes, which average around 60 per cent of men's earnings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001448#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Men often dominate financial decision-making in households, particularly for major purchases like stoves. Over 20 per cent of men report that women have no say in expenditures, and some men do not value modern fuels because they do not cook.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001448#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies significant data gaps that hinder the evaluation of subsidy reform, including a lack of data on the simultaneous use of multiple fuels, the impact of fuel switching on women's time usage, and the influence of prices on small businesses run by women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001448#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel subsidy","energy poverty","household air pollution","biomass","gender equality","energy transition","social protection","energy access"],"geography_discussed":["Java","Maluku","Papua","Yogyakarta"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["data audit","literature review"]},{"id":"iisd-002881","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002881","title":"INDONESIA ENERGY SUBSIDY BRIEFING","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2015-02","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/ffs_newsbriefing_indonesia_feb2015_eng.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Indonesian government implemented significant energy subsidy reforms starting in November 2014, transitioning from fixed prices to a more market-responsive pricing mechanism. While initial price hikes in November 2014 led to inflation and public protests, a sharp decline in global oil prices allowed the government to lower fuel prices in January 2015 while simultaneously removing subsidies on Premium gasoline in the Java-Madura-Bali region. The government aims to reallocate an estimated IDR 194.2 trillion in savings toward productive sectors, including infrastructure and state-owned enterprises. Additional reforms targeted LPG and electricity tariffs, supported by social assistance programs like the Indonesia Smart Card to mitigate impacts on vulnerable populations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002881#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"On 31 December 2014, President Joko Widodo announced the removal of subsidies for Premium gasoline and the implementation of a \"fixed\" subsidy for Solar diesel. This coincided with a price decrease on 1 January and 19 January 2015, driven by low global oil prices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002881#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Indonesian government introduced a new fuel classification system: \"specific fuels\" (subsidized Solar diesel and kerosene), \"special designed fuels\" (gasoline for remote areas with distribution cost subsidies), and \"general fuel\" (non-subsidized gasoline sold at market prices in Java-Madura-Bali).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002881#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Revised State Budget 2015 anticipated a significant reduction in fuel subsidy expenditure, plummeting from IDR 276.4 trillion (US$ 22 billion) to IDR 81.8 trillion (US$ 6.5 billion), resulting in total expected savings of IDR 194.2 trillion (US$ 15.5 billion).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002881#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government plans to reallocate subsidy savings from consumptive to productive sectors. This includes proposed injections of IDR 67.86 trillion (US$ 5.4 billion) into state-owned enterprises for infrastructure, and IDR 16.9 trillion (US$ 1.4 billion) for the Ministry of Agriculture to revitalize irrigation for 3.3 million hectares of farmland.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002881#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Price reforms extended to other energy sources: 12kg-cylinder LPG prices were increased on 1 January 2015 and then reduced on 19 January 2015. Electricity tariffs for several classes were also increased, with adjustments now conducted monthly based on the IDR-USD exchange rate, Indonesian Crude Price, and inflation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002881#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To mitigate the impact of the November 2014 price hikes, the government launched the Productive Family Program, which utilized card technology to provide assistance: the Indonesia Smart Card (KIP) for education, the Indonesia Healthy Card (KIS) for healthcare, and the Prosperous Family Saving Card (KSKS) for direct cash transfers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002881#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The November 2014 price increases led to economic volatility and social unrest, including an estimated annual inflation contribution of 2.6 to 3 per cent and violent protests in cities such as Makassar, Jakarta, Solo, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Medan, and Banjarmasin.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002881#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy subsidy","diesel fuel","infrastructure investment","inflation"],"geography_discussed":["Java","Madura Island","Bali Island","Makassar","Jakarta","Solo","Yogyakarta","Surabaya","Medan","Banjarmasin"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","economic impact analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-000648","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-000648","title":"Food Security Policies in Maritime Southeast Asia: The case of Indonesia","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2010-06-25","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/food-security-policies-maritime-southeast-asia-case-indonesia","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes food insecurity in Indonesia, highlighting that the 2007/08 global food crisis exacerbated issues of food access and affordability. It argues that the government's focus on food self-sufficiency is insufficient and suggests that improving infrastructure, employment, and targeted aid programs is essential to ensure the poor can access nutritious food.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000648#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Food insecurity in Indonesia is primarily driven by the inability of the population to access available food rather than a shortage of domestic supplies. This issue was worsened by the 2007/08 global food crisis, which saw price volatility in palm oil and price increases for rice, soybeans, and wheat, forcing households to spend more of their income on food.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000648#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Indonesian government's focus on food self-sufficiency and domestic production has not effectively improved access to affordable and nutritious food for the poor. This lack of access is further compounded by poor infrastructure that hinders the transportation of affordable food products across the country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000648#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While the government has implemented food access initiatives like the Conditional Direct Aid Cash and Rice for the Poor programs, these remain imperfect. The report suggests that food security policies should integrate sustainable employment strategies, such as expanding the agro-industry to increase agricultural supply during harvests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000648#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","poverty reduction"],"geography_discussed":["East Nusa Tenggara","West Nusa Tenggara","Yogyakarta","Southeast Asia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment"]},{"id":"iisd-001413","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001413","title":"Food Security Policies in Maritime Southeast Asia","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2010-06","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/food_security_policies_indonesia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines food insecurity in Indonesia, specifically in the provinces of East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, and Yogyakarta. It argues that while national food supplies were generally sufficient during the 2007/08 global food crisis, poor infrastructure and low incomes hindered access to affordable food. The author criticizes the 'Swasembada Pangan' (food self-sufficiency) approach for ignoring the dimensions of accessibility and affordability, recommending a shift toward improving transportation infrastructure and creating sustainable employment in the agro-industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2007/08 global food crisis significantly impacted Indonesia, particularly in urban areas due to their higher dependence on the cash economy, and led to increased household expenditure on food and new debts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food insecurity in Indonesia is primarily driven by a lack of access and affordability rather than a lack of overall food supply, a problem exacerbated by poor transportation infrastructure that increases food prices in remote areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Indonesian government's 'Swasembada Pangan' initiative focuses rigidly on food self-sufficiency (domestic production) and fails to adequately address the needs of the poor to access healthy and affordable food.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"During the 2007/08 crisis, palm oil experienced the highest price volatility in Indonesia, with prices rising from USD 574/ton at the end of 2007 to USD 1,263/ton in 2008, leading to domestic cooking oil shortages as producers exported crude palm oil directly.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food insecurity is geographically concentrated in eastern Indonesia, with East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) recording the highest number of food insecure villages, totaling 923 out of 2,387 (38.67%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), food insecurity is linked to population growth outpacing food production, as well as the impact of a major earthquake in 2006 and prolonged droughts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), food insecurity persists despite a surplus in rice production because some districts remain isolated from key infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) faces chronic food insecurity driven by protracted drought (contributing 54%), pests/diseases (31%), and a shifting consumption pattern from traditional corn to rice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"National policy responses, including the Conditional Direct Aid Cash and Rice for the Poor programs, are viewed as providing only short-term assistance and failing to improve long-term food access.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government established the Village Food Reserve (VFR) program under Ministry of Internal Affairs’ Regulation no. 30/2008 to manage food stocks at the village level and control price fluctuations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","infrastructure","drought"],"geography_discussed":["East Nusa Tenggara","West Nusa Tenggara","Yogyakarta","Maritime Southeast Asia","Java","Papua","Maluku"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","case study","economic analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-000544","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-000544","title":"Working towards mutually beneficial economic relations: Indonesia's expected challenges in pursuing an FTA with the EU","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2009-09-09","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/working-towards-mutually-beneficial-economic-relations-indonesias-expected","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that while the 2009 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) strengthens Indonesia's diplomatic standing, the subsequent pursuit of a Free Trade Agreement (IEUFTA) presents risks due to economic imbalances. It highlights that the EU favors extensive trade liberalisation, whereas Indonesia seeks to maintain policy space for development and faces hurdles such as EU non-tariff barriers and subsidies. The author suggests that for the IEUFTA to be beneficial, the EU must allow special safeguards, expand GSP schemes, and improve market access for Indonesian exports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000544#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) signed in July 2009 is the first of its kind between the EU and an Asian country, covering trade, investment, human rights, and climate change, and serves as a precursor to resuming negotiations for the Indonesia-EU Free Trade Agreement (IEUFTA).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000544#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a conflict in perspectives regarding economic development: the EU advocates for extensive trade liberalisation, while Indonesia is concerned about the significant implementation costs and the need to maintain sovereignty over trade, investment, and industrial policies to protect its development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000544#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesian exporters face difficulties entering the EU market due to stringent non-tariff barriers and EU subsidies, despite generally low tariffs on non-manufactured agricultural products.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000544#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","agricultural subsidy"],"geography_discussed":["Yogyakarta"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis"]},{"id":"sei-001569","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001569","title":"Strategic Collaborative Fund","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/scf-brochure-2020.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The Strategic Collaborative Fund (SCF), launched in 2018 by SEI Asia with support from Sida, aims to enhance the 2030 Agenda in Asia and the Pacific through capacity building, knowledge sharing, and regional collaboration. The programme focuses on transboundary environmental policy development using a rights-based approach that prioritizes gender and social equality. Its activities include inter-regional cooperation with China and Europe, regional cooperation within Asia involving the private sector, and the provision of grants for initiatives contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Recent featured events have addressed eco-city construction and marine ecosystems in China, sustainable consumption and production in Japan, climate change adaptation and indigenous knowledge in Indonesia, and sustainable agriculture in Laos.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001569#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Strategic Collaborative Fund (SCF) was established in 2018 by SEI Asia with funding from the Swedish government (Sida) to support the 2030 Agenda in Asia and the Pacific.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001569#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The programme's core objectives are to build long-term partnerships for institutional capacity and to use research-policy dialogue to create effective regional policies that support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001569#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SCF employs a rights-based approach and emphasizes gender and social equality to facilitate transboundary environmental policy development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001569#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The programme implements its goals through four main pillars: inter-regional cooperation (specifically with China and Europe), regional cooperation within Asia (including private sector engagement), learning and capacity development (such as online courses on human rights and gender), and programme management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001569#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SCF has organized specific regional forums focusing on diverse environmental themes: eco-city construction and marine ecosystems in Nanning, China; consumption and production in Yokohama, Japan; climate change adaptation and indigenous knowledge in Yogyakarta, Indonesia; and sustainable agriculture in Vientiane, Laos.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001569#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Sustainable Development Goals","climate change adaptation","sustainable agriculture","gender equality","human rights","capacity building"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","Europe","Nanning","Japan","Yokohama","Indonesia","Yogyakarta","Laos","Vientiane"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]}]}