{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Togo"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":371,"relation":"eq"},"page":19,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Togo&page=19","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"natjust-000254","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/natjust-000254","title":"MANUEL SUR L’ACTION CLIMATIQUE","publisher":{"name":"Natural Justice","organization":"natural-justice"},"document_type":"guide","language":"fr","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Manuel-sur-laction-climatique.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document provides a comprehensive framework for Senegalese communities to understand climate change, assess their vulnerabilities, and take 'climate action' through legal empowerment. It details the specific climate risks facing Senegal, lists international and national legal obligations, and provides a step-by-step toolkit for advocacy, information access, and litigation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000254#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change in Senegal is characterized by rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall, which threaten key economic sectors including agriculture, fishing, forestry, health, waste management, energy, and industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000254#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'ecovillage' model in Senegal serves as a sustainable development strategy to increase rural resilience through six risk management strategies: good governance, diversification of income, renewable energy access, basic social services, improved living environments, and local private sector support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000254#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Senegalese Constitution guarantees the right to a healthy environment, establishing that natural resources belong to the people and that the state is obligated to preserve and restore essential ecological processes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000254#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Legal empowerment for climate action involves a ten-step process: strengthening community leadership, conducting advocacy, gathering evidence, accessing information, participating in public processes, lobbying governments, peaceful protesting, petitioning, reporting environmental violations, and as a last resort, initiating legal action.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000254#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Traditional and indigenous knowledge is presented as a vital tool for climate adaptation, offering sustainable practices such as rainwater harvesting, crop diversification, and coastal consolidation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000254#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Fish Not Oil' initiative in Cayar highlights the risks of offshore gas exploitation, drawing parallels to the environmental disasters in the Niger Delta caused by companies like Shell and ENI to advocate for sustainable fishing over extractive industries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000254#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Senegal is a signatory to numerous international environmental agreements, including the UNFCCC, the Paris Agreement, and the Convention on Biological Diversity, which can be used as legal arguments in court to compel government action.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000254#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate resilience","climate change adaptation","green economy","renewable energy","environmental law","traditional knowledge","reforestation","carbon sequestration","climate justice","environmental impact assessment","biodiversity conservation"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","Netherlands","Burkina Faso","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["guide","policy analysis","legal framework"]},{"id":"ruralele-000113","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ruralele-000113","title":"Best Practices for Electrifying Rural Health Care Facilities with Decentralised Renewables","publisher":{"name":"Alliance for Renewable Electrification","organization":"alliance-for-renewable-electrification"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.renewelec.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2020-07-30-Best-Practices-for-Electrifying-Rural-Health-Facilities_Final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that decentralised renewable energy (DRE) is the most effective solution for electrifying rural health facilities, particularly during health crises like COVID-19. It proposes a delivery model combining 'smart grants' for upfront capital expenditures (CAPEX) with market-based compensation mechanisms, such as long-term Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), to ensure both rapid deployment and long-term financial and technical sustainability. Through 16 case studies across Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the document demonstrates how DRE can improve maternal and child health outcomes, enable the storage of vaccines, and foster socio-economic development by integrating health facilities as central nodes for wider community electrification.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000113#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Decentralised renewable energy (DRE) projects for health care facilities can be deployed rapidly, with a timeframe from inception to commissioning of less than five months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000113#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Alliance for Rural Electrification (ARE) recommends a public-private partnership model that pairs smart grants (to co-finance CAPEX or via results-based financing) with a market-based compensation mechanism to ensure long-term viability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000113#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial and technical sustainability can be secured through long-term Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) spanning 10-15 years between a government ministry (such as Health or Finance) and the DRE operator.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000113#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To mitigate financial risks and lower the cost of finance for DRE companies, development finance institutions (DFIs) should implement guarantee schemes to protect stakeholders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000113#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Integrated electrification approaches, where a health facility serves as a central node to power surrounding local entrepreneurs and agriculture, create greater socio-economic impact than isolated projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000113#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Inventory financing, involving lines of credit for DRE components stored in regional hubs, can significantly reduce project delivery times by separating procurement from deployment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000113#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Case studies show significant health improvements from DRE, including a 50% to 60% reduction in maternal and child mortality in Dakwa, Nigeria, and the ability to store temperature-sensitive vaccines in rural Malawi.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000113#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["photovoltaics","wind power","energy storage","Mini-grids","climate finance","power purchase agreement","greenhouse gas emissions","energy access"],"geography_discussed":["Zambia","Nepal","Malaysia","Bangladesh","India","Eritrea","Malawi","Chile","Nigeria","Togo","Colombia","Ghana","Liberia","Sierra Leone"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["best practices","case studies","policy recommendations"]},{"id":"ruralele-000155","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ruralele-000155","title":"Women Entrepreneurs as Key Drivers in the Decentralised Renewable Energy Sector","publisher":{"name":"Alliance for Renewable Electrification","organization":"alliance-for-renewable-electrification"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.renewelec.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Gender-Energy-Publication.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document establishes a business case for gender equality in the decentralised renewable energy (DRE) sector, asserting that women-led businesses are often as profitable as or more profitable than those led by men. It provides a framework of recommendations for DRE companies, civil society organisations (CSOs), and investors to improve gender equality at the community, organisational, and investor levels. The report includes 17 case studies from various global regions demonstrating the impact of gender-sensitive interventions, such as solar kiosks in Togo, feminist microgrid development in Haiti, and technical training for women in Brazil.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Women are critical to the DRE sector because they are the primary energy users at the household level and are more likely than men to reinvest earnings into community services like health, education, and nutrition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women-owned SMEs represent between 30% and 37% of all SMEs in emerging markets, and companies led by women or those with gender parity are as profitable as, or outperform, those led by men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To improve gender equality at the community level, DRE companies and CSOs should use gender-disaggregated data and community consultations to design projects and provide technical and business capacity building for women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Organisational gender mainstreaming requires a systemic approach, including the development of a Gender Action Plan, setting KPIs for recruitment and promotion, and implementing work-life balance strategies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender lens investing is hindered by a lack of clear business cases for private investors and a deficiency of standardised, gender-disaggregated impact data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Case studies demonstrate that digital tools can bridge the educational gap for women entrepreneurs; for example, Benoo's mobile application in Togo allowed women to manage sales and logistics independently, with one women-led business performing 30% better than others.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Haiti, EarthSpark International employs a 'Feminist Electrification' approach that ensures Energy Committees are comprised of at least 50% women to integrate female priorities into microgrid design.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Brazil, Iberdrola's subsidiary Neoenergia created the School of Electricians for Women (SEW) to train women in electrical installations and distribution grids, attracting over 21,000 applicants since August 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The DESFERS project in Mali, Niger, and Senegal uses a guarantee fund of EUR 2,272,349 to help women entrepreneurs access microcredit for productive equipment, with the fund protecting microfinance institutions against up to 50% of defaults.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000155#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","energy access","microgrid","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["sub-Saharan Africa","Asia-Pacific","Latin America & the Caribbean","Togo","Haiti","Benin","Brazil","Mali","Niger","Senegal","Zimbabwe","Nepal","Nigeria","Mozambique","Malawi"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["best practices","case studies","policy recommendations"]},{"id":"saiia-001470","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-001470","title":"Lessons for Macroeconomic Policy from Nigeria Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/CoMPRA-05-ekeruche-adeniran.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document analyzes Nigeria's economic contraction and subsequent recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the role of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and fiscal stimulus. It identifies critical gaps in social protection, gender-responsive policy, and fiscal buffers, while advocating for central bank independence and digital economy integration for long-term stability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001470#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Nigeria experienced a severe economic contraction leading to a recession in the third quarter of 2020, with GDP growth falling to -6.1% in the second quarter and -3.6% in the third quarter before exiting the recession in the fourth quarter (0.11%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001470#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Recovery was primarily driven by the non-oil sector, specifically telecommunications and information services (15.9%), financial institutions (13.34%), and quarrying and other minerals (21.16%), which remained resilient due to consistent demand and weak links to global supply chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001470#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Nigerian government implemented a fiscal stimulus of $1.4 billion (approximately 0.3% of GDP), with $1.1 billion targeting non-health sectors like hospitality and manufacturing, and $0.3 billion allocated to the health sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001470#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) adopted an accommodating monetary policy, reducing the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) from 13.5% to 11.5% by September 2020 and providing development finance interventions to the agriculture and manufacturing sectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001470#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Inflation rose from 11.5% in February 2020 to 14% by February 2021, driven largely by food price increases (13.98% to 17.25%) resulting from insecurity in food-producing areas, border closures with Benin, Togo, Niger, Cameroon, and Chad, and import bans on maize, sugar, and wheat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001470#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Government support reached a very small fraction of the population; only 2.17% of surveyed respondents received assistance in May 2020, leaving millions of the 83 million Nigerians living in poverty without support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001470#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document warns that the CBN's direct monetary financing of budget deficits during a period of persistent inflation poses risks to macroeconomic stability and suggests that central bank independence is essential for low-income and lower-middle-income countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001470#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Structural weaknesses were identified in the lack of gender-responsive policies, such as childcare subsidies, and a failure to target the 'green recovery' in the Economic Sustainability Plan (2020–2021), which focused on increasing farmland rather than improving productivity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001470#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["inflation","food security","social protection","green recovery","renewable energy","trade policy"],"geography_discussed":["Benin","Togo","Niger","Cameroon","Chad","Burundi","Ethiopia","Rwanda","Somalia","Kenya","South Korea","Japan","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","economic analysis"]},{"id":"saiia-001923","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-001923","title":"Building Macroeconomic Resilience Through Counter-Cyclical Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/SAIIA_CoMPRA-PI_26_.BuildingMacroeconomicResiliencepdf-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines macroeconomic resilience in 12 sub-Saharan African countries, focusing on the use of monetary and fiscal instruments to stabilise production and inflation cycles. It identifies commodity price downcycles as the most consistent trigger for economic crises and argues that currency regimes significantly influence a nation's ability to absorb shocks. The author develops the CoMPRA-MERI index to track resilience across seven dimensions: fiscal, monetary, external debt, trade, investment, governance, and human capital. Findings suggest that most countries exhibit procyclical outcomes due to structural constraints, though Uganda is noted as a successful exception in applying countercyclical tools. The report recommends trade diversification and a shift toward more flexible exchange rate regimes to enhance structural resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001923#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Commodity price downcycles are the most frequent trigger for socio-economic crises or GDP growth decelerations across the studied cohort, particularly for countries dependent on single exports like Nigeria (oil), Botswana (diamonds), and Mali (gold).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001923#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Currency regimes significantly impact growth and stability; members of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) with a fixed peg to the euro experienced suppressed per capita GDP growth compared to the rest of the cohort, as the structurally over-valued currency incentivises imports over domestic production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001923#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most countries in the cohort experience procyclical fiscal and monetary outcomes, meaning they lack the capacity or willingness to resist market forces or use tools to counter the business cycle. Uganda is identified as the only country that successfully uses both monetary and fiscal tools countercyclically.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001923#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a general lack of coincidence between production and inflation cycles over the short term across the cohort, which complicates the sequencing of policy measures intended to achieve internal macroeconomic balance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001923#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"External debt accumulation generally acts as a net drag on GDP growth, with a positive correlation between external debt resilience and GDP growth found in eight of the 12 countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001923#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Governance is a critical driver of resilience, with positive correlations to GDP growth in 10 of the 12 countries in the short term, as it influences investor confidence and policy consistency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001923#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While all 12 countries show a structural trend of building generational resilience through human capital formation, in countries with decelerating growth (Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Rwanda), this is negatively correlated with GDP growth, suggesting social spending may contribute to fiscal drag via debt accumulation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001923#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fiscal policy","governance"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","South Africa","Tanzania","Uganda","Senegal","Benin","Ghana","Botswana","Kenya","Rwanda","Mali","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative analysis","correlation analysis","index construction","longitudinal study"]},{"id":"saiia-001926","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-001926","title":"Macroeconomic Resilience in Benin and Togo","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/SAIIA_CoMPRA_PI_23_ResilienceBeninTogo.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing compares the macroeconomic resilience of Benin and Togo from 2000 to 2020, finding that Benin's economy is more volatile due to greater global integration, while Togo's performance has been shielded by phosphate exports. It examines the impact of national crises—such as political instability in Togo and trade disputes in Benin—and regional shocks like COVID-19 and Ebola, evaluating the fiscal and monetary policy responses of both nations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001926#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Benin's economic performance has been more volatile than Togo's because it is more integrated into the regional and global economy, making it more susceptible to shocks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001926#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Togo's economy has been largely protected from shocks by its primary export, phosphates, which has enabled the use of counter-cyclical policies to stabilize economic performance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001926#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"During periods of negative GDP growth, Benin implemented counter-cyclical government spending, with a growth rate of 4.25%, whereas Togo's government spending tended to be procyclical during national crises.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001926#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Benin's gross debt was 52% of GDP in 2023, and while the government used debt to finance stimulus during crises, the debt stock has increased steadily since 2007 and accelerated during the pandemic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001926#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Benin's national crises included a 2005 trade dispute with Nigeria caused by Nigeria's attempt to limit re-imports from Benin, and political instability in 2010 involving President Boni Yayi.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001926#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Monetary policy in Benin generally saw money supply increases during crises, leading to inflation fluctuations, though inflation stabilized after 2014. In Togo, monetary policy was expansionary during several presidential elections and the COVID-19 pandemic, with inflation reaching 7.6% in 2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001926#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fiscal policy","inflation","trade policy"],"geography_discussed":["Nigeria","Ghana","West Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative analysis"]},{"id":"seforall-000170","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/seforall-000170","title":"Integrating Clean Cooking into National Energy Access Planning Tools and Considerations for Planning and Implementing eCooking","publisher":{"name":"Sustainable Energy for All","organization":"sustainable-energy-for-all"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-10/report-iep-cleancooking_compressed.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that electrification and clean cooking have historically been treated as separate sectors, leading to inefficient energy planning. It advocates for 'integrated energy planning' that leverages the synergies between electricity access and eCooking to accelerate the transition away from biomass. The document reviews various modelling approaches—including energy system planning, sub-sector planning, and geospatial energy access planning—and highlights the Integrated Clean Cooking Plan Tool (ICCPT) in Rwanda as a significant methodological advance. It also details the policy, financial, and data requirements necessary to operationalize these plans, such as eCooking tariffs, results-based financing, and digital monitoring, reporting and verification (dMRV) for carbon finance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000170#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a significant gap between global electricity access and clean cooking access; while less than 10 percent of the global population lack electricity, over 30 percent lack any form of clean cooking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000170#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Integrated energy planning is presented as a solution to the sectoral divide between electrification and clean cooking, allowing for more efficient achievement of energy access goals by considering all resources and mechanisms jointly.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000170#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Integrated Clean Cooking Plan Tool (ICCPT) developed for Rwanda is identified as the most significant methodological advance to date because it fully integrates clean cooking and electrification and uses feedback loops to capture eCooking's impact on the electricity system.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000170#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Kenya and Uganda have implemented specific eCooking tariffs to make electric cooking more affordable and encourage the transition from charcoal and biomass.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000170#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Data scarcity is a primary obstacle to integrated energy planning, particularly due to the informality of fuelwood and charcoal value chains and a lack of metering data for specific household electricity uses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000170#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Digital Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (dMRV) using smart meters and IoT allows eCooking providers to generate high-quality carbon credits, which can be used to reduce the upfront cost of appliances for consumers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000170#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies several financial mechanisms to improve eCooking affordability, including on-bill financing, results-based financing (RBF), and concessional loans for SMEs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000170#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Rwanda has established a relatively advanced regulatory framework for e-waste, including the implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) guidelines to make manufacturers liable for the disposal of electronic devices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000170#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["clean cooking","electrification","renewable energy","greenhouse gas emissions","biomass"],"geography_discussed":["Rwanda","Kenya","Uganda","Nigeria","Malawi","Madagascar","sub-Saharan Africa","Southeast Asia","Bangladesh","Cambodia","Nepal","India","Ecuador","Ivory Coast","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["methodological review","policy analysis","case study"]},{"id":"seforall-000194","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/seforall-000194","title":"SUSTAINABLE COOLING FOR ALL IN GHANA","publisher":{"name":"Sustainable Energy for All","organization":"sustainable-energy-for-all"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-12/SEforALL-Ghana-Cooling-Report-webversion.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies significant cooling access gaps in Ghana, with 12.9 million people at high risk due to poverty and lack of electricity. It argues for a transition to sustainable cooling by integrating passive design, higher energy efficiency standards, and the phase-out of HFC refrigerants. Key focus areas include developing cold chains for agriculture and healthcare to reduce food loss and improve vaccine distribution, while addressing the urban heat island effect in cities like Accra and Kumasi.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Approximately 12.9 million people in Ghana are at high risk due to a lack of access to cooling, comprising 4.17 million rural poor and 8.78 million urban poor who live below the international poverty line and lack electricity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ghana's refrigeration and air-conditioning (RAC) sector is projected to see energy demand rise from 7.04 TWh in 2015 to 20.9 TWh by 2050, with greenhouse gas emissions increasing from 5.05 mT CO2eq to 12.8 mT CO2eq under a business-as-usual scenario.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Urban heat island effects in cities such as Accra and Kumasi have caused temperatures to be nearly 5°C higher than surrounding rural areas, exacerbating heat stress for vulnerable populations in informal settlements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agricultural sector faces significant food loss, with 3.2 million tons of food wasted annually in the supply chain; however, developing cold chain infrastructure for fruits and vegetables could generate up to USD 900 million in annual revenue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ghana's healthcare cold chain is fractured, as evidenced by the availability of only 14 temperature-controlled vehicles nationwide in 2021, which hindered the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines to rural areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A vast majority of air conditioners in Ghana are inefficient, with 85 percent falling into the lowest energy efficiency category (1 star).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Passive cooling strategies in Ghana can significantly reduce energy needs, potentially lowering cooling loads by up to 35 percent in office buildings and reducing energy use by 50 percent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ghana has committed to the Kigali Amendment of the Montreal Protocol, aiming to phase out hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) by 2024 and reduce their use to 80 percent of the baseline by 2045.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To achieve sustainable cooling, the report recommends establishing a National Cooling Plan Committee (NCPC) to provide cross-ministerial coordination and oversight, as the committee proposed in the National Cooling Plan has not yet been established.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial barriers to sustainable cooling include a reliance on cash-based purchases; the report suggests leveraging innovative instruments such as green bonds, blended finance, and 'cooling as a service' models.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000194#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["passive cooling","nature-based solutions","energy efficiency","hydrofluorocarbon","refrigerant","urban heat island","climate finance","climate bond","decarbonization","photovoltaics","nuclear power","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Accra","Kumasi","Togo","Burkina Faso","Ivory Coast"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","socioeconomic analysis","technical review"]},{"id":"sei-001105","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001105","title":"SNAP - SUPPORTING NATIONAL ACTION AND PLANNING ON SLCPs COLOMBIA","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/11.2-ccac-snap-factsheet-colombia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Colombia is utilizing the CCAC SNAP initiative and the LEAP-IBC tool to identify priority emitting sectors and integrate short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) mitigation into its national air quality and climate change policies. The process involves quantifying emission scenarios to inform legal frameworks and funding, with specific focus on agriculture (rice paddies, sugar cane, manure management), transport, brick kilns, and cookstoves. To date, 60 regional climate change plans have been reviewed to identify implementation opportunities, and 15 of the 100 measures in Colombia's INDC resulted from SNAP Phase I.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001105#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Colombia used the LEAP-IBC tool during Phase I of SNAP in 2013 to identify priority sectors and quantify emission scenarios to determine priority actions for SLCP mitigation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001105#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SLCP mitigation is being integrated into the National Air Quality Policy and National Climate Change Policy, with 15 of the 100 measures in Colombia's INDC originating from SNAP Phase I.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001105#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific mitigation efforts are targeting the agriculture sector through improved manure management, addressing biomass fuels in sugar cane processing, and using intermittent wetting and drying methods in rice paddy systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001105#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government is coordinating with regional authorities, having reviewed 60 regional climate change plans to implement SLCP actions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001105#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Air quality and health concerns are primary drivers for SLCP action, particularly regarding cookstoves, as 30% of Colombia's rural population uses traditional wood stoves that emit black carbon.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001105#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["methane","hydrofluorocarbon","air quality","climate policy","agriculture","transportation","Nationally Determined Contributions"],"geography_discussed":["Bangladesh","Ivory Coast","Ghana","Mexico","Nigeria","Chile","Ethiopia","Jordan","Liberia","Maldives","Morocco","Peru","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","capacity building"]},{"id":"sei-001108","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001108","title":"SNAP - SUPPORTING NATIONAL ACTION AND PLANNING ON SLCPs NIGERIA","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/11.2-ccac-snap-factsheet-nigeria.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Nigeria is implementing the SNAP initiative by establishing a coordination office within the Federal Ministry of Environment to identify emission sources and develop a national action plan. The process involves integrating the LEAP-IBC tool to model the impacts of emission scenarios on health, climate, and crop yields. Priority sectors for mitigation include cookstoves, agriculture, transport, brick kilns, and the oil and gas industry, with a focus on improving regulation, enforcement, and legislative frameworks to align with Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001108#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Nigeria has established an SLCP coordination office within the Federal Ministry of Environment's Renewable Energy Programme to manage national planning and institutional strengthening. This office coordinates with various ministries, including agriculture, transport, and work and housing, as well as NGOs and development partners.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001108#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government is utilizing the LEAP-IBC tool, supported by the Stockholm Environment Institute, to calculate SLCP emissions and assess how different mitigation scenarios affect food security, health, agriculture, and climate change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001108#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific priority sectors for SLCP action in Nigeria include the oil and gas industry, transport, agriculture, cookstoves, and brick kilns. Current efforts include replacing traditional brick kilns with clean-burning units, reducing methane from livestock manure, and phasing out lead and sulphur in transport fuels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001108#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A critical challenge in the oil and gas sector is that existing fines for regulatory non-compliance are insufficient to incentivize companies to comply, leading to efforts to escalate the issue to the highest levels of government.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001108#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The national action plan relies on a division of labor where the legislative arm creates or amends laws, the executive arm implements decisions and provides funding, and the national planning commission is engaged to ensure budget allocations for mitigation strategies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001108#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["methane","hydrofluorocarbon","air quality","renewable energy","agriculture","transportation","petroleum industry","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Bangladesh","Colombia","Ivory Coast","Ghana","Mexico","Chile","Ethiopia","Jordan","Liberia","Maldives","Morocco","Peru","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","institutional assessment"]},{"id":"sei-002097","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002097","title":"SNAP - SUPPORTING NATIONAL ACTION AND PLANNING ON SLCPs Côte d’Ivoire","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2016-factsheet-national-action-planning-on-slcps-in-cote-divoire-ccac-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Côte d’Ivoire is utilizing the SNAP initiative to identify and mitigate short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) to improve public health, agriculture, and climate. Priority areas for action include the transportation sector, waste management, industrial processes, oil refineries, and the use of traditional cookstoves. The country is employing the LEAP-IBC tool for emission inventories and planning, with the goal of informing its air quality strategy and the implementation of the Paris Agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002097#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Côte d’Ivoire has identified several priority sectors for SLCP mitigation, including the waste sector, transportation, refineries, health, and urban planning. Specific concerns include the open burning of waste, industrial processes, and the use of traditional cookstoves, the latter of which contributes to health impacts for citizens.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002097#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Air pollution from identified sources was linked to approximately 16,000 premature deaths in 2013, according to the Global Burden of Disease project.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002097#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transportation sector is a critical priority for policy development due to rapid urbanization and an aging vehicle fleet. The total car fleet in Côte d’Ivoire is estimated at 600,000 vehicles with an average age of 19 years; furthermore, 80% of imported vehicles are second-hand (aged 7 to 15 years), and half of those are diesel.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002097#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The national planning process involves a multi-stakeholder approach, including the national centre on pollution control, the private sector, civic societies, and the Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics of University Felix Houphouet Boigny. The LEAP-IBC tool is being used to identify data gaps and will be utilized for CO2 and air pollution emission inventories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002097#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The resulting national SLCP plan is intended to inform the country's air quality strategy and the implementation of the Paris Agreement. Additionally, the Ministry for Environment has established an Environmental Information System to centralize environmental parameters for policy decisions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002097#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["methane","hydrofluorocarbon","air quality","Transportation emission","waste management","Paris Agreement"],"geography_discussed":["Abidjan","West Africa","Bangladesh","Colombia","Ghana","Mexico","Nigeria","Chile","Ethiopia","Jordan","Liberia","Maldives","Morocco","Peru","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy planning","sectoral analysis"]}]}