{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Tema"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":10,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Tema","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"seforall-000295","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/seforall-000295","title":"GREEN MANUFACTURING POLICY & INVESTMENT GUIDE GHANA","publisher":{"name":"Sustainable Energy for All","organization":"sustainable-energy-for-all"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2025-03","source_url":"https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2025-03/Ghana_Green_Manufacturing_Policy_Investment_Guide.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines the process for setting up renewable energy manufacturing in Ghana, focusing on solar PV, batteries, and electric vehicles. It details legal entity options, industrial zones, and a comprehensive suite of fiscal incentives including tax holidays and import duty waivers. The guide also identifies key regulatory bodies and recommends strategies to overcome challenges in financing, skills, and market demand to accelerate the domestic green manufacturing sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000295#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Ghana's Energy Transition and Investment Plan (ETIP), launched in 2024, targets net zero by 2060, with over 90% of abatement driven by renewables, low-carbon hydrogen, battery electric vehicles, and clean cookstoves. Solar PV is expected to be the primary driver of power demand growth, with 150 GW needed by 2060.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000295#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government is prioritizing local value chain development to reduce import dependency, noting that Ghana imported USD 74 million of solar modules between 2013 and 2022, with an expected USD 300 million more by 2030 if ETIP targets are met.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000295#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant fiscal incentives are available for green manufacturers, including a 100% corporate income tax exemption for the first ten years for companies in Free Trade Zones, and a five-year corporate tax holiday for participants in the One District One Factory (1D1F) initiative.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000295#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific incentives target the electric vehicle (EV) sector, including an eight-year waiver on import duties for fully electric vehicles and corporate tax exemptions for assemblers: three years for semi-knocked-down (SKD) and ten years for complete-knocked-down (CKD) vehicles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000295#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 2023 Green Minerals Policy aims to add value to lithium domestically before export, supported by a ban on raw lithium exports. ReElement Africa is set to operate the first African commercial-scale lithium refining facility in Ghana, with an initial capacity of 30,000 metric tons of battery-cell-grade lithium carbonate per year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000295#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Establishing a manufacturing facility requires multiple permits, including an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for significant projects, a Building Permit from local government, and product certification from the Ghana Standards Authority.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000295#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Key barriers to scaling renewable energy manufacturing include limited off-take demand, lack of affordable long-term financing, and a lack of harmonized training certifications for RE skills.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000295#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Battery Manufacturing","electric vehicle","critical minerals","Net-zero emissions","decarbonization","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Accra","Tema","Takoradi","Kumasi"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy guide","investment guide"]},{"id":"prio-001267","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001267","title":"Future Migration as Present Fact (FUMI) Survey Documentation","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-02","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/43c72416-1740-4f9c-80a0-747ed6c5d4dd/Carling-et-al-2025-FUMI-Survey-Documentation-v1.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The FUMI Survey documentation describes a mixed-methods research project focusing on migration aspirations among young adults (18–39) in Serekunda (The Gambia), Tema (Ghana), and São Vicente (Cape Verde). The report details the design of a respondent-centred survey instrument, the three-step random sampling process used to reach 1,000 individuals per city, and the rigorous quality assurance measures implemented, including audio recordings and back-checks. It further explains the data cleaning workflows, the application of household and individual weights to correct for sampling biases, and the creation of a Composite Wealth Index using polychoric principal component analysis of assets and socio-economic indicators. The document also identifies specific coding errors that led to data gaps in variables related to passports, visas, and household contributions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The FUMI survey targeted young adults aged 18–39 in three West African urban areas: Serekunda (The Gambia), Tema (Ghana), and São Vicente (Cape Verde), with a target random sample of 1,000 individuals per location.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The survey instrument was designed with a respondent-centred approach to minimize fatigue and enhance the conversational flow, avoiding long sequences of similar questions and minimizing the use of Likert scales.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Data collection occurred between July 2022 and February 2023, utilizing face-to-face interviews on tablets. Average interview durations varied by city: 65 minutes in Serekunda, 50 minutes in Tema, and 45 minutes in São Vicente.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Quality assurance included audio recording all interviews, supervisor accompaniment for 10% of interviews, and back-checking 10% of all interviews by comparing audio recordings with collected data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Tema, Ghana, the quality assurance process identified significant issues, including \"data fabrication\" and \"sub-standard interviews,\" which led to the dismissal of enumerators and a longer data collection period to replace affected interviews.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sampling outcomes showed that São Vicente had a higher rate of households without eligible members (aged 18–39) compared to the other cities, with 25% of households lacking a target group member.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of non-response by house appearance indicated a potential socio-economic bias in São Vicente, where the proportion of conducted interviews fell from 78% in 'poor' houses to 29% in 'rich' houses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The researchers developed a Composite Wealth Index by averaging an Individual Wealth Index (based on phone status, hunger, liquidity, and land ownership) and a Household Wealth Index (based on durable goods, crowding, and water/toilet facilities).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Composite Wealth Index confirmed a general development gradient across the research sites, with means of 47.6 in Serekunda, 48.0 in Tema, and 52.2 in São Vicente, though differences within cities were larger than between them.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Several coding errors in the survey instrument resulted in significant data gaps: 71–81% of data was lost for variables on passports, visas, and travel money as obstacles to migration, and 18% of data was lost for household expense contributions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001267#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["urban development"],"geography_discussed":["The Gambia","Ghana","Cape Verde","West Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["methodological documentation","sampling analysis","data cleaning report"]},{"id":"iisd-001959","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001959","title":"Responsible Agricultural Practices of a Cocoa Buying Company in Ghana","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2024-06","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2024-08/responsible-agricultural-investment-ghana-cocoa.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document evaluates a small and medium-sized licensed buying company (LBC) in Ghana's cocoa sector using the RAI Tool for Agribusiness. While the company demonstrates high compliance in inclusive structures and stakeholder treatment, it shows significant gaps in formal strategy, human resource development, and environmental impact management. The study highlights the challenges faced by local SMEs competing with multinational enterprises, including limited access to affordable finance and climate-related yield declines. It recommends digitizing transaction processes, formalizing grievance mechanisms, and developing a structured strategy to move beyond ad hoc responsible business conduct.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The company's overall compliance with the CFS-RAI is deemed acceptable, but there is significant variance across different business dimensions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The company scores very high in inclusive and transparent structures, maintaining close consultation with local stakeholders and farmers, although grievance resolution remains largely informal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Compliance regarding strategy and accountability is relatively low, as the company focuses on operational survival and handles responsible business conduct on an ad hoc basis rather than through a formal strategy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The company contributes to food security and nutrition indirectly through employment for approximately 2,000 purchasing clerks and 20,000 farmers, and directly by promoting alternative livelihoods such as snail and grasscutter production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental compliance is low, particularly in implementing sustainable practices, although the company manages specific operational risks and employs a sustainability manager.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The company performs well in respecting land tenure rights and fair contracting, including partnering with organizations to register land rights for farmers to prevent land loss during replanting.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Human resource development compliance is low due to a lack of systematized procedures; while an 'open-door' management style exists, there are no formal policies for non-discrimination or specific targets for women and youth.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial transparency is high, but benefit sharing with local communities is low due to the company's limited financial capacity as an SME.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The cocoa industry in Ghana faces critical challenges including climate-driven yield declines, high certification costs, and farmers' inability to access affordable working capital, with some private loan rates reaching 100% over six months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001959#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","sustainable agriculture","food security","carbon footprint","biodiversity","agroforestry"],"geography_discussed":["Accra","Kumasi","Tema","Ashanti Region","Eastern Region","Western North Region"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","compliance assessment"]},{"id":"aceta-000007","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/aceta-000007","title":"Sustainable Export Processing Zones Development in Ghana: An Ecosystem and Benchmarking Report","publisher":{"name":"African Center for Economic Transformation","organization":"african-center-for-economic-transformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-11-11","source_url":"https://acetforafrica.org/research-and-analysis/reports-studies/reports/sustainable-export-processing-zones-development-in-ghana-an-ecosystem-and-benchmarking-report/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report evaluates Ghana's export processing zones (EPZs) across economic, environmental, social, and technological dimensions, finding that the current model lacks integration with broader industrial policies and neglects sustainability standards. Key gaps include a lack of low-carbon incentives, minimal technology adoption, and inadequate corruption controls. The author recommends the development of a comprehensive strategic policy by the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the use of public-private partnerships for sustainable infrastructure, and the implementation of carbon finance policies to help Ghana meet climate targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"aceta-000007#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Ghana's EPZ program lacks integration with the government's broader development agenda and industrial policies, and the current reporting and compliance regime is insufficient to prevent revenue leakages and abuse of the free zones scheme.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"aceta-000007#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While Ghana currently avoids major environmental problems in EPZs due to the small number of firms, there is a lack of integrated sustainable infrastructure, low-carbon policy incentives, and carbon finance, with renewable energy not yet adopted on a large scale.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"aceta-000007#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social sustainability is hindered by the absence of policies to control corruption and a lack of corporate social responsibility projects by firms in the Tema enclave, leading to tension with local government authorities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"aceta-000007#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technological adoption within the zones is minimal and driven by market conditions, with high costs and inadequate labor skills acting as primary barriers to advancement, particularly regarding environmental sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"aceta-000007#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["renewable energy","green infrastructure","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["Tema","South Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["benchmarking","policy assessment"]},{"id":"prio-001273","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001273","title":"China’s Engagement in West Africa: The Cases of Ghana and Senegal","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2022-09","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/a296fbfd-fa6c-45f7-b549-e62278202abe/Carrozza and Sandnes - Chinas Engagement in West Africa The Cases of Ghana and Senegal PRIO Policy Brief 9-2022.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document analyzes China's strategic efforts to increase its presence in West Africa, contrasting the deep, multi-sectoral engagement in Ghana with the more recent and technology-focused growth in Senegal. It attributes these differences to the length of diplomatic relations and the lingering influence of former colonial powers, particularly France.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001273#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"China's engagement in West Africa has historically been modest compared to southern and eastern Africa, but it has increasingly sought to extend its influence in the region since the mid-2000s as part of a broader strategy to secure political and diplomatic support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001273#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China has established a deep and diverse presence in Ghana, becoming its largest trading partner and foreign investor by 2020. This engagement spans infrastructure (such as the Bui Dam and roads between Accra and Tema), manufacturing, energy, education, and security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001273#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Ghana, China has become the primary arms provider, supplying 46% of the total value of weapons (excluding small arms and light weapons) between 2000 and 2018, totaling USD 112 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001273#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China's engagement in Senegal is more recent and less broad than in Ghana, but it is rapidly expanding in the digital sector. In 2021, Senegal announced it would move government data and digital platforms to Huawei servers, and the PRC financed a data centre in Diaminadio.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001273#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The level of Chinese engagement in West African nations is influenced by the role of former colonial powers; specifically, France's continued military and diplomatic ties with its ex-colonies have restricted China's security engagement in those areas compared to former British colonies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001273#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The duration of diplomatic ties significantly impacts the depth of cooperation, as China has maintained relations with Ghana since 1960, whereas relations with Senegal were only restored in 2005.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001273#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["infrastructure","trade policy"],"geography_discussed":["Sudan","Angola","Mali","Niger","Nigeria","Accra","Tema","Dakar","Diaminadio","Touba","Burkina Faso"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative analysis","policy brief"]},{"id":"saiia-000830","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-000830","title":"Oil and Fisheries in Ghana: Prospects for a Socio-ecological Compact","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2016-09","source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Occasional-Paper-239.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the intersection of Ghana's oil industry and its artisanal fisheries, which account for 60-70% of the total marine catch. While initial tensions focused on exclusion zones around oil platforms and collisions, the paper argues that the oil sector is not the primary threat to fisheries sustainability. Instead, the sector faces systemic challenges including fleet overcapacity, illegal fishing practices, and climate change. The author advocates for a 'socio-ecological compact' where the oil industry, government, and fishing communities collaborate through integrated maritime governance and co-management to ensure long-term sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000830#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The decline of Ghana's fisheries is primarily attributed to fleet overcapacity and fluctuations in coastal nutrient upwellings rather than the emergence of the oil sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000830#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fisheries sustainability is severely threatened by fleet overcapacity, the use of illegal gear (such as small mesh and nylon nets), light fishing, and transhipment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000830#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Exclusion zones around floating production storage and offloading vessels (FPSOs) and mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) are major points of contention, as fishers believe these structures attract fish into restricted areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000830#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite a policy shift toward co-management and decentralization, fisheries governance in Ghana remains largely top-down, with monitoring and enforcement remaining under central authorities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000830#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ghana's oil governance has been characterized by strong institutional frameworks and civil society participation, yet the country has struggled with rising public debt and fiscal mismanagement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000830#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","blue economy","environmental impact assessment"],"geography_discussed":["Takoradi","Jamestown","Tema","Nigeria"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["socio-ecological analysis","policy review"]},{"id":"sei-002615","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002615","title":"Household in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) -Ghana","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"1993","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/SEI-Report-EnvironmentalProblemsAccraGhana-McGranahan-1993-lowres-scan.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the intersection of poverty, environmental degradation, and health in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). It identifies critical deficiencies in water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, and air quality, linking these to high prevalences of childhood diarrhoea and respiratory infections. The study highlights that while the wealthy have better access to amenities, the poor face severe risks from shared facilities, water vendors, and biomass cooking fuels. It concludes that integrated environmental strategies and poverty alleviation are essential for improving public health in the region.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Water access in GAMA is highly stratified by wealth; while 35.2% of households have indoor piping, the poor rely heavily on water vendors, who charge significantly more than official tariffs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Water supply irregularities lead to widespread household storage, which increases contamination risks; 95.7% of households in GAMA store water, often in barrels or buckets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sanitation facilities are severely overcrowded, with 40.5% of the population relying on communal facilities open to the whole neighbourhood, leading to open defecation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Solid waste management is inadequate, with the Waste Management Department capable of collecting only about 60% of the 900 tons of refuse generated daily.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Malarial mosquitoes are a major health hazard, and there is evidence that Anopheles mosquitoes are adapting to breed in urban household water containers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of chemical insect control is associated with respiratory problems: mosquito coils are linked to childhood acute respiratory infection, and pump-spray insecticides to symptoms in adult women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food contamination from vendors is a significant risk factor for childhood diarrhoea; the prevalence of the disease was roughly twice as high among households that patronised food vendors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Household air pollution from biomass fuels is a serious concern, with wood users facing the highest exposure to respirable particulates (mean 587 μg/m³), followed by charcoal users.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Acute respiratory infections in children are associated with factors such as the presence of children during cooking, leaky roofs, and the use of mosquito coils.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Residents place a high economic value on environmental improvements, with insect control and water availability being the most valued, though ability to pay is a major constraint for the poor.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental management in GAMA is fragmented across at least eight government ministries, creating significant coordination challenges.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002615#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water-supply management","sanitation","household air pollution","malaria","urbanization","public health","urban planning"],"geography_discussed":["Ghana"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["household survey","physical environmental testing","contingent valuation","logistic regression","institutional analysis"]},{"id":"saiia-000670","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-000670","title":"cari_pb5_jiaoyangagribusinessghananigeria-a459c5c0b6dea74c.pdf","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/CARI_PB5_JIAOYangAgribusinessGhanaNigeria.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This policy brief by the Johns Hopkins SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative (CARI) examines two distinct models of Chinese agricultural investment in Africa through case studies in Ghana and Nigeria. It contrasts a small-scale, private entrepreneurial model in Ghana with a large-scale, state-backed public-private partnership in Nigeria, analyzing their motivations, land acquisition challenges, and social impacts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000670#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Chinese agricultural investment in Ghana is characterized by small-scale private entrepreneurship, primarily serving the local Chinese community. As of 2012, at least four such farms existed, focusing on Chinese vegetables like cabbage and winter melon. These enterprises often integrate production with distribution, as seen with Mr. Lee, who owns two farms and three of the eight Chinese grocery stores in the country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000670#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The Green Agricultural West Africa Ltd. (GAWA) in Nigeria represents a collaborative model involving a Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE), the China Geo-engineering Construction Overseas Corporation (CGCOC), and the Nigerian government. Established in 2006 on a 99-year lease of 2,025 hectares in Kebbi state, GAWA focuses on seed production, processing, and marketing, and is registered as a certified seed company under Nigeria's National Agricultural Seeds Council as of 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000670#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"GAWA operates three primary business models in Nigeria: selling rice seeds to Kebbi state (which then provides them for free to registered local farmers), conducting research and breeding for hybrid rice, maize, and millet, and marketing Chinese agricultural processing equipment to help Chinese firms achieve their \"Go Global\" goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000670#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Land acquisition in Ghana is fraught with risk due to unregistered titles and fraud. One investor, Mr. Lee, initially leased a 13-acre plot for GHS 20,000 from an individual who was later revealed to be a fraud, as the land was government property. To mitigate these risks, Chinese companies may verify ownership through the Land Commission, prefer 'stool land' (chief's land), or build perimeter walls to flush out the genuine owner.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000670#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Chinese agricultural investment in Ghana has remained limited despite a long history of aid. Between 2000 and 2008, investment totaled US$4.7 million, accounting for only 3% of Ghana's total foreign direct investment and 2% of China's total investment in the country. This is attributed to the high capital requirements and long turnover periods, which only SOEs can manage, and a lack of consistent government support compared to Nigeria.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000670#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The Nigerian model (GAWA) has a significantly larger social and regional impact than the Ghanaian model due to its integration into government programs, such as the Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GES). This public-private partnership facilitates job creation, technology transfer, and the export of Chinese agricultural technologies, with the goal of replicating the model in other African countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000670#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Afienya","Tema","Kebbi State","Warra","Ahuja"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["Case Study","Policy Brief"]},{"id":"sei-001106","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001106","title":"SNAP - SUPPORTING NATIONAL ACTION AND PLANNING ON SLCPs GHANA","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/11.2-ccac-snap-factsheet-ghana.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Ghana is utilizing the SNAP initiative to develop a national plan for mitigating short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), integrating these efforts into its National Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda. The Ghana EPA is employing the LEAP-IBC model to calculate emissions and benefits across both energy and non-energy sectors. Key sectoral actions include the potential implementation of Euro-benchmarked emission standards for transport, the distribution of 200,000 solar lanterns to replace kerosene, and a Green Cooling Programme to replace high-GWP HFC air conditioners. To support these goals, the Ministry of Finance has established a climate change unit as the National Designated Authority for the Green Climate Fund.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001106#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Ghana is integrating SLCP mitigation into its broader national planning and international commitments, specifically through the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda and its National Determined Contributions (NDCs), which cover transport, energy, waste, and cookstoves.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001106#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Ghana EPA has adopted the LEAP-IBC model to enable the calculation of emissions and benefits for both energy and non-energy sectors, providing a unified tool for planning regarding climate change, air pollution, and SLCPs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001106#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the transport sector, Ghana is working toward implementing its first emission standard law based on Euro Standards and is involving the private sector in vehicle roadworthiness inspections to test emission levels, with a particular focus on improving air quality in Accra and Tema.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001106#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Energy and cooling initiatives include a pilot program that distributed 200,000 solar lanterns to replace kerosene, a plan to install 200,000 rooftop solar panels to save over 200 megawatts of power daily, and a Green Cooling Programme that has installed 30 low-GWP HFC air conditioning units.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001106#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To address financing challenges for small enterprises and domestic investments, the Ministry of Finance has created a climate change unit serving as the National Designated Authority for the Green Climate Fund.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001106#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["methane","hydrofluorocarbon","emission standard","air quality","sustainable transport","solar energy","climate finance","Green Climate Fund","Nationally Determined Contributions"],"geography_discussed":["Accra","Tema","West Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy review","case study"]},{"id":"sei-001824","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001824","title":"Environmental Problems and the Urban Household in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) -Ghana","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/SEI-Report-EnvironmentalProblemsAccraGhana-McGranahan-1993-FullTextOCR.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report investigates the intersection of poverty and environmental degradation in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), Ghana. It finds that low-income households suffer from severe deficiencies in water access, sanitation, and waste management, which correlate strongly with high prevalences of childhood diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections. The study highlights that while the city has some advanced infrastructure, extreme crowding and unreliable supply systems negate these advantages for the poor. It concludes that an integrated environmental-health strategy, leveraging both government action and local community organisations, is necessary to improve urban welfare.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Water access in GAMA is highly stratified by wealth; while 98% of wealthy households have indoor piping, only 26% of poor households do, with 33% of the poor relying on water vendors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In-home water contamination is widespread, with 87% of storage container samples showing positive counts of faecal coliform, compared to 10% of tap water samples.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sanitation facilities in GAMA are severely overcrowded, with 41% of the population relying on communal facilities and nearly two-thirds of those users reporting that toilets are sometimes unusable due to long queues or being out-of-order.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Open defecation is a significant public health risk in GAMA, particularly among children; 36% of households reported that neighbourhood children sometimes practise open defecation, with the highest rates in poor areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Solid waste management is inadequate, with the Waste Management Department capable of collecting only about 60% of the 900 tons of refuse generated daily.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Malarial mosquitoes are a persistent hazard, and there is evidence that Anopheles mosquitoes are adapting to breed in household water containers, which are common due to unreliable water supply.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of chemical pest control is associated with respiratory issues: mosquito coils are linked to higher childhood acute respiratory infection, and pump-spray insecticides are associated with respiratory symptoms in female homemakers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food contamination from vendors is a significant risk factor for childhood diarrhoea; the prevalence of diarrhoea was roughly twice as high among households that regularly patronised food vendors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Household air pollution is driven by fuel choice, with wood and charcoal users facing the highest exposure to respirable particulates and carbon monoxide.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A multivariate analysis identifies eight key environmental risk factors significantly associated with higher childhood diarrhoea prevalence, including sharing toilets with more than five households, using pots for water storage, and buying prepared food from vendors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Childhood acute respiratory infection (ARI) is significantly associated with factors such as children being present during cooking, overcrowding (less than 4 square meters per person in the sleeping room), and leaky roofs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Households place the highest monetary value on insect control and water availability, reflecting the high health burden of malaria and diarrhoea.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental management in GAMA involves a fragmented institutional structure with at least eight government ministries involved, leading to coordination challenges.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-13","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local non-governmental organisations, such as the Nima 441 Welfare Association and La Mansaamo Kpee, have successfully implemented community-led sanitation and water projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001824#insight-14","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water-supply management","sanitation","malaria","household air pollution","environmental health"],"geography_discussed":["Ghana"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["household survey","physical environmental testing","logistic regression","contingent valuation","institutional analysis"]}]}