{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["San Martín"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'San Martín' for facet 'geography' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":6,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=San+Mart%C3%ADn","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"gclifun-005410","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gclifun-005410","title":"GENDER ASSESSMENT","publisher":{"name":"Green Climate Fund","organization":"green-climate-fund"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-02-24","source_url":"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/ga-fp193.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The gender assessment for the Peruvian Amazon Eco Bio Business Facility (EBBF) identifies systemic gender inequalities in Peru's forestry and agricultural sectors, including limited land ownership, high rates of informal employment, and significant gaps in education and decision-making power. It highlights that women in the Amazon face particular vulnerabilities due to lower Spanish language proficiency and higher poverty levels. To address these, the document proposes six mitigation measures: requiring portfolio companies to create gender-specific action plans, promoting women's leadership in eco and bio businesses, ensuring equitable access to project benefits, implementing a gender-sensitive complaint mechanism (including SEAH protocols), strengthening the capacity of project management units, and establishing a monitoring system for the Gender Action Plan (GAP).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005410#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The forestry sector is characterized by a severe lack of sex-disaggregated data, which hinders policy planning. Women's activities in this sector are primarily concentrated in the informal economy, specifically in wood energy, SMEs, and non-wood forest product (NWFP) value chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005410#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in Peru's agricultural sector face significant disparities in land ownership compared to men. Nationally, women producers own an average of 1.8 ha of agricultural land and 2.8 ha of non-agricultural land, while men own 3 ha and 4 ha respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005410#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Female-headed households in Peru are more economically vulnerable and have less access to technology and assets than male-headed households. Only 28% of female-headed households have internet access, and only 30% own a computer or laptop.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005410#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women's participation in the labor market is marked by high informality and poor job quality. As of 2018, the informal employment rate for women was 75.3%, and 73.9% of female workers held jobs of 'poor or very poor quality'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005410#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender-based violence is prevalent in the EBBF's target areas, with some departments exceeding the national average of physical violence by partners. In Cusco, 45.7% of women and in Puno, 42.3% of women have suffered physical violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005410#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant educational gaps persist, particularly for women with a mother tongue other than Spanish, who have an illiteracy rate of 24.6%—triple the national average. In rural areas, this figure rises to 33.0%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005410#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are severely underrepresented in sub-national government decision-making bodies, with men making up 95.2% of local authorities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005410#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity conservation","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","forestry","gender equality","land tenure","indigenous people"],"geography_discussed":["Madre de Dios Department","San Martín","Loreto Department","Cusco Department","Puno Department","Amazonas Department"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["gender assessment","sector analysis","action plan"]},{"id":"cdkn-000702","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000702","title":"Hacia la resiliencia hídrica en paisajes urbano-amazónicos: Estrategias para Tarapoto y la microcuenca del Río Cumbaza (Perú)","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"es","date_published":"2018-05","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Nexus-in-Tarapato-Peru_policy-brief.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document analyzes the critical link between forest cover and water security in the Cumbaza River micro-basin, noting that 85% of the area is degraded. It highlights how deforestation and climate variability increase sediment loads, affecting urban water treatment for 40,000 users in Tarapoto and reducing water availability for rice and aquaculture farmers. The brief recommends restoring 3,000 hectares in the upper basin by 2040 and 1,500 hectares in the Ahuashiyacu and Shilcayo sub-basins by 2050, while strengthening inter-institutional governance through the Cumbaza Micro-basin Management Committee.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000702#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Environmental degradation and climate change are compromising water security in the Cumbaza River micro-basin through precipitation variability and peak flow changes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000702#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant deforestation has occurred in the micro-basin, with 58% of forest cover lost between 1977 and 2005, and an estimated 85% of the total 57,120-hectare surface currently degraded.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000702#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Increased sediment loads in the Shilcayo, Cachiyacu, and Ahuashiyacu rivers—driven by land-use change and climate extremes—hinder the water treatment operations of EMAPA San Martín, impacting 40,000 urban users in Tarapoto.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000702#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agricultural sector, particularly rice and aquaculture, faces water scarcity during the dry season (May to September) due to a historical trend of reducing annual flows in the Cumbaza River and a 50% loss in the irrigation canal system.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000702#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Future projections for 2050 indicate that agricultural water demand for the Cumbaza River could reach 151 million m3/year, double the current consumption, necessitating a transition to mixed agro-aquacultural systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000702#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To ensure base flows and sediment retention, the report recommends recovering 3,000 hectares in the upper micro-basin by 2040 and at least 20% (approximately 1,500 hectares) of degraded areas in the Ahuashiyacu and Shilcayo sub-basins by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000702#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective water governance requires strengthening multi-actor platforms, specifically the Cumbaza Micro-basin Management Committee (CGMC), to coordinate funding, avoid duplication of interventions, and integrate monitoring systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000702#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water security","deforestation","climate change","green infrastructure","agroforestry","agricultural irrigation","aquaculture","water-management"],"geography_discussed":["San Martín","Cordillera Escalera Regional Conservation Area"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scenario analysis","qualitative analysis","quantitative analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000792","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000792","title":"STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN URBAN AMAZONIA","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2018","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/StrengtheningClimateResilienceCumbaza.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document applies a Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus approach to analyze the Cumbaza watershed in Peru, highlighting how deforestation and climate change threaten urban and rural resource security. It quantifies 11 key WEF interactions and projects resource demands through 2050, emphasizing the critical role of forest ecosystem services in maintaining water quality and quantity for the region's growing population.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000792#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Cumbaza watershed experienced a significant loss of forest cover, with 58% lost between 1977 and 2005, leaving approximately 8,500 hectares or 15% of the watershed as forest.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000792#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Deforestation in the upper watershed has led to increased erosion and sedimentation in rivers, which negatively impacts the water treatment capacity and increases costs for urban water services provided by EMAPA, particularly in the Shilcayo and Ayashiyacu sub-basins.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000792#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The region is highly dependent on external food and energy sources; food imports constitute 47% of total consumption, and the fossil fuel energy required to transport these imports accounts for over 90% of the watershed's total energy demands.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000792#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Future projections for 2050 under a business-as-usual scenario predict that the population will reach 335,000, leading to a 75% increase in food demand and a 61% increase in energy required for transportation and agricultural production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000792#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Forests are vital for the livelihoods of indigenous Kichwa-Lamas communities, providing drinking water, non-timber forest products, and fuelwood, which is used for food preparation by 94% of rural households compared to 23% of urban households.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000792#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate resilience","deforestation","water security","food security","energy security","urbanization","agroforestry","green infrastructure"],"geography_discussed":["Lamas","Lima","Chiclayo","Yurimaguas","Moyobamba","Tocache"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","quantitative analysis","qualitative analysis","scenario modeling"]},{"id":"napglob-000435","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/napglob-000435","title":"PERÚ SE ADAPTA AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO: PLAN NACIONAL DE ADAPTACIÓN","publisher":{"name":"NAP Global Network","organization":"nap-global-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2016","source_url":"https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Reporte_Final_PERU-SE-ADAPTA-AL-CAMBIO-CLIMATICO.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details a workshop focused on transitioning Peru's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) from formulation to implementation. It identifies five priority sectors—water, agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture, forests, and health—and outlines the necessary institutional reforms, such as strengthening the National Water Authority (ANA) and integrating adaptation goals into sectoral planning instruments. The report emphasizes the need for a robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system, likely led by the Ministry of the Environment (MINAM), and maps out support from international cooperation agencies like GIZ, USAID, and the IDB.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000435#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The workshop identified five primary sectors for NAP implementation: water, agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture, forests, and health. Specific priorities include water source conservation, climate-smart land use planning, sustainable fishing to ensure food security, forest fire prevention, and universal health coverage with a focus on emerging diseases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000435#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective implementation requires specific institutional adjustments across sectors. For the water sector, this includes granting autonomy to the National Water Authority (ANA). In the forestry sector, it involves intersectoral agreements for conditional transfers involving the Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Culture, and Ministry of Economy and Finance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000435#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To ensure the NAP is integrated into government operations, the report suggests aligning adaptation goals with sectoral planning instruments such as the Multiannual Sectoral Strategic Plan (PESEM) and the Institutional Strategic Plan (PEI), as well as creating a high-level group within the Council of Ministers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000435#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a consensus that the Ministry of the Environment (MINAM) should lead the National Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system, acting as a consumer of information produced by sectoral M&E units. The system should leverage existing platforms like Infocarbono and be supported by a dedicated budget to ensure sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000435#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"International cooperation agencies have identified specific areas of support for Peru's NAP: GIZ focuses on financial instruments and risk transfers in Piura, Cusco, Lambayeque, and Puno; USAID focuses on green bonds and low-carbon strategies; and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) focuses on fisheries, marine current monitoring, and forest programs in Madre de Dios, San Martin, and Ucayali.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000435#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant gap was identified in the capacity of public actors to manage M&E processes and develop projects eligible for international climate finance. Participants emphasized the need for training in monitoring instruments and the use of Infocarbono data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000435#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["national adaptation plan","climate change adaptation","climate finance","water management","Climate-smart agriculture","forest management","public health"],"geography_discussed":["Lima","Colombia","Cambodia","Grenada","Philippines","Piura Department","Cusco Department","Lambayeque Department","Puno Department","Ucayali Department","San Martín","Madre de Dios Department","Apurímac Department","Alto Amazonas Province"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["workshop summary","policy recommendation","institutional assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000656","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000656","title":"\u001fESTAMOS RESPONDIENDO A NUESTROS COMPROMISOS CLIM\u0011TICOS? AN\u0011LISIS DESDE EL GASTO P\u0011BLICO","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"es","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Kely-Alfaro_VF.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document analyzes Peru's public spending on climate change adaptation and mitigation (AMACC), finding a significant decline in funding by 2021 and a lack of alignment between budget allocation and the country's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It highlights a heavy bias toward adaptation—specifically grey infrastructure for water—and a lack of territorial prioritization, where funds are often allocated to regions that do not experience the highest levels of environmental degradation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000656#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Peru's greenhouse gas emissions continued to increase at an annual rate of 1.94% as of 2016, suggesting that the country will not meet its 2030 emission reduction goals without significant effort.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000656#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public spending on adaptation and mitigation (AMACC) grew until 2018 but suffered a sharp decline in 2020 and 2021, with 2021 recording the lowest budget in the history of the program at 41.5% of the 2014 level.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000656#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Budget allocation has become increasingly centralized, with the national government controlling 72% of the AMACC budget by 2020, while regional and local governments hold 18% and 10% respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000656#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public investment is heavily skewed toward adaptation (86.3%) over mitigation (32.4%), with a strong preference for 'grey infrastructure' in the water sector, which accounts for 84% of projects in that thematic area.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000656#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gap between Peru's international commitments and its spending; an analysis of projects from 2016 to June 2020 found that only 28.5% of the measures considered in the NDCs were being addressed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000656#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","Nationally Determined Contributions","greenhouse gas emissions","water management","deforestation"],"geography_discussed":["Lima Department","Cusco Department","Apurímac Department","San Martín","Loreto Department","Ucayali Department"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["budgetary analysis","policy evaluation"]},{"id":"ciel-001018","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-001018","title":"Fugas en el sistema","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"case study","language":"es","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Leaks_Peru_Espanol_Nov2014.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines how Peru's regulatory framework for the timber industry facilitates illegal logging, which in turn threatens the success of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) efforts. It highlights that illegal logging may account for up to 80% of exported timber and that 68.3% of supervised logging concessions have been cancelled or are under investigation for serious violations. The author argues that project-level improvements are insufficient to prevent 'leakage' (emissions shifting to other areas) or ensure 'permanence' (long-term emission reductions) without national-level legal reform and clearer international guidelines from the UNFCCC on Safeguard Information Systems (SIS).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-001018#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Illegal logging is widespread in Peru, with estimates suggesting it affects up to 80% of the country's exported timber.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-001018#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Peruvian regulatory system for logging is fundamentally broken, as evidenced by the fact that 68.3% of supervised logging concessions have either been cancelled due to serious violations or are currently under investigation for such violations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-001018#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["illegal logging","Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation","deforestation","greenhouse gas emissions","carbon leakage","United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["San Martín","Madre de Dios Department","Loreto Department"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]}]}