{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Panama"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":648,"relation":"eq"},"page":16,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Panama&page=16","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Panama&page=17","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"gclifun-005194","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gclifun-005194","title":"Environmental and social safeguards reportform","publisher":{"name":"Green Climate Fund","organization":"green-climate-fund"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020-05-20","source_url":"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/fp151-iucn-sncfglobal.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document identifies the Technical Assistance (TA) Facility for the Global Subnational Climate Fund as a Category I-2 environmental and social safeguards project. It lists target countries across Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Mediterranean, and confirms that an Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) has been disclosed in multiple languages to comply with requirements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005194#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Technical Assistance (TA) Facility for the Global Subnational Climate Fund is classified under Environmental and social safeguards (ESS) as \"Category I-2\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005194#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project's Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) was disclosed between May 20, 2020, and October 5, 2020, in English, Albanian, Arabic, French, Khmer, Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005194#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Environmental and Social Safeguards","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["compliance reporting"]},{"id":"iisd-003516","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003516","title":"Global Market Report: Bananas","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020-05","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/ssi-global-market-report-banana.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the global banana market, noting that while bananas are the most valuable traded fruit, the sector faces significant challenges including climate change, the Tropical Race 4 fungal disease, and poor farmer livelihoods. It highlights the growth of voluntary sustainability standards (VSSs), which accounted for 7% of production in 2016, and identifies opportunities to expand these standards in countries like India, China, and specific LHDCs such as Tanzania and Rwanda to improve environmental and social outcomes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003516#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Bananas are the most valuable traded fruit globally; in 2017, 22.7 million tonnes were traded with a value of USD 11 billion, and Latin America and the Caribbean produced approximately 80% of these exports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003516#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The banana sector is threatened by the Tropical Race 4 strain of Fusarium wilt, which targets the Cavendish variety—the most commercialized type accounting for about 47% of global production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003516#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Banana farmers and workers face severe economic pressure, with workers earning only 5% to 9% of the total banana value while retailers capture 36% to 43%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003516#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Voluntary sustainability standards (VSSs) grew significantly, with VSS-compliant production increasing by 43.11% from 2008 to 2016, representing at least 7% of total production in 2016.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003516#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"VSSs can reduce the societal costs of production; for example, the external cost of Fairtrade-produced bananas was estimated at USD 3.70 per box in 2017, compared to USD 6.70 for conventional bananas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003516#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant potential to expand VSS-compliant production in large producing countries like India, China, Indonesia, Brazil, and the Philippines, as well as in LHDCs such as Tanzania and Rwanda.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003516#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","greenhouse gas emissions","sustainable agriculture","biodiversity","food security"],"geography_discussed":["Latin America and the Caribbean","Asia","Africa","Ecuador","Costa Rica","Philippines","United States","Belgium","Russia","Colombia","Guatemala","Honduras","Panama","India","People's Republic of China","Uganda","Rwanda","Cameroon","Germany","United Kingdom","Brazil","Tanzania","Papua New Guinea","Burundi","Sudan","Mozambique","Togo","Ivory Coast","Indonesia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["market analysis","sustainability assessment"]},{"id":"iai-001389","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-001389","title":"MEMORÁNDUM DE ENTENDIMIENTO ENTRE LA DIRECCIÓN EJECUTIVA DEL INSTITUTO INTERAMERICANO PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN DEL CAMBIO GLOBAL (IAI) Y COOPERACIÓN LATINOAMERICANA DE REDES AVANZADAS (CLARA)","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"statement","language":"es","date_published":"2020-04-24","source_url":"https://iai.int/administrador/assets/images/ckfinder/files/MOU%20CLARA%20IAI%20abril%202020-signed.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The IAI and CLARA have entered into a non-binding agreement to promote regional scientific capacities through the use of advanced networks, focusing on data management, open publications, and technological infrastructure for global change research in Latin America.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001389#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The primary objective of the agreement is to foster collaboration on initiatives that strengthen science, technology, and innovation capacities specifically within the Latin American region.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001389#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The parties intend to cooperate on several specific technical and scientific goals, including the creation of regional services for scientific data management and open publications (both on-site and 'As a Service'), and the development of technological infrastructure to support IAI projects and training programs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001389#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agreement is a non-binding 'good faith' understanding that does not create a legal partnership, joint venture, or immediate financial obligation; any specific financial commitments must be detailed in separate execution agreements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001389#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The memorandum is effective for a period of 5 years from the date of signing (April 24, 2020), unless terminated with 90 days' written notice or replaced by another agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001389#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Argentina","Brazil","Chile","Colombia","Costa Rica","Ecuador","El Salvador","Guatemala","Honduras","Mexico","Nicaragua","Uruguay","Bolivia","Canada","Cuba","Dominican Republic","Jamaica","Panama","Paraguay","Peru","United States","Venezuela","Caribbean"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy agreement"]},{"id":"iisd-001357","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001357","title":"Que pourraient signifier les tendances en matière de politiques agricoles nationales face aux efforts d’adaptation des règles de l’OMC concernant les mesures de soutien interne?","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2020-04","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2020-08/farm-policy-trends-fr_0.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that current WTO rules on agricultural internal support are outdated and inequitable, failing to constrain the high subsidies of wealthy nations or accommodate the growing needs of emerging economies. By examining a diverse sample of countries, the authors demonstrate that a small number of members—China, India, the US, and the EU—concentrate the vast majority of trade-distorting support. The document proposes simplifying these rules by basing support limits on a percentage of the value of agricultural production (VDP) rather than fixed monetary amounts, while advocating for stricter transparency and special treatment for developing nations to align trade rules with Sustainable Development Goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001357#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A small group of WTO members—China, India, the United States, and the European Union—concentrate nearly three-quarters of all agricultural aid considered by the WTO to have trade-distorting effects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001357#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current WTO rules are insufficient because they allow significant leeway for historically high subsidizers like the US and EU, and do not adequately address the rapidly growing support mechanisms used by emerging economies such as China and India.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001357#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report proposes replacing fixed monetary limits with new global caps on internal support based on a percentage of the value of agricultural production (VDP) to better reflect market realities and correct historical inequalities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001357#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Trade-distorting support is heavily concentrated on a few specific commodities, most notably maize, rice, wheat, and dairy products, which harms producers in other countries, particularly those in low-income nations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001357#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Green Box' (Annex 2 of the Agreement) remains a critical tool for achieving Sustainable Development Goals as it allows unrestricted spending on programs with minimal trade effects, such as research, pest control, and rural infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001357#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Notification compliance varies significantly; while some major traders like Brazil, India, and Russia show 100% compliance, one-third of internal support notifications remained unreceived between 1995 and 2017.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001357#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China's agricultural production value is projected to grow significantly, potentially making it the world's top producer by 2030, accounting for nearly 24% of total global production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001357#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"India provides the highest amount of input and investment subsidies under Article 6.2 of any WTO member, totaling 22.6 billion USD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001357#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["agricultural subsidy","food security","sustainable agriculture","climate change","greenhouse gas emissions","biodiversity","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","United States","European Union","Japan","Russia","Indonesia","Brazil","Canada","Norway","Panama","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","comparative study","economic assessment"]},{"id":"iisd-002857","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002857","title":"What National Farm Policy Trends Could Mean for Efforts to Update WTO Rules on Domestic Support","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020-04","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2020-08/farm-policy-trends-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes agricultural domestic support in twelve WTO members, finding that trade-distorting support is heavily concentrated in China, India, the United States, and the European Union. It argues that existing WTO rules are outdated, failing to address the growth of support in emerging economies or the inequities inherited from the Uruguay Round. The authors propose simplifying rules by tying domestic support limits to a percentage of the value of production (VoP) and increasing transparency requirements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002857#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A significant portion of trade-distorting agricultural support is concentrated among a small number of WTO members, specifically China, India, the United States, and the European Union, who account for as much as three quarters of all such support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002857#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current WTO rules are considered inadequate because they allow substantial leeway for members that historically provided the most support, such as the EU and US, while failing to address the rapid increase in support within emerging economies like India and China.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002857#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies a critical gap between actual trade-distorting support levels and the maximum permitted ceilings for most countries, suggesting that WTO members could agree to gradually lower these ceilings to reduce market distortions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002857#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report proposes a simplified system for disciplining domestic support where limits are based on a percentage of the value of production (VoP) rather than fixed monetary levels, using a rolling average of 3–5 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002857#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors recommend maintaining and potentially increasing 'green box' support for public goods—such as research, rural infrastructure, and pest control—as these are essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in low- and middle-income countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002857#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report suggests that food bought at administered prices for public stockholding programs for food security should not count toward domestic support limits if the price is below an agreed international market price.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002857#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","United States","European Union","Japan","Russia","Indonesia","Brazil","Canada","Norway","Panama","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","trend analysis","comparative study"]},{"id":"iai-000383","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000383","title":"CONVENIO MARCO DE COOPERACIÓN INTERINSTITUCIONAL ENTRE EL INSTITUTO INTERAMERICANO PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN DEL CAMBIO GLOBAL (IAI) Y EL CONSEJO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA E INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA (CONCYTEC)","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"statement","language":"es","date_published":"2020-03-20","source_url":"https://iai.int/administrador/assets/images/ckfinder/files/CONCYTEC-IAI.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The agreement between IAI and CONCYTEC creates a formal structure for collaboration on global change research, focusing on capacity building, scientific networking, and the exchange of researchers and data within the Americas, specifically supporting the integration of Peruvian scientists into international initiatives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000383#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The agreement aims to create a reference framework for joint activities, service exchange, and permanent relations to improve regional and national synergies regarding global change research in the Americas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000383#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The parties commit to cooperating on human and institutional capacity building related to global environmental change and its impacts on human and ecosystem well-being in the Americas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000383#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific forms of cooperation include establishing scientific programs and research networks, joint funding and implementation of research, organizing scientific workshops, promoting open science and open data, and connecting Peruvian scientists with global global change initiatives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000383#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The framework agreement does not involve immediate financial commitments; any activities requiring monetary costs must be defined in separate specific agreements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000383#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agreement has a duration of five years from the date of the final signature, with the possibility of renewal upon written request.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000383#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["capacity building","international cooperation"],"geography_discussed":["Uruguay","Panama","Brazil"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy document"]},{"id":"clibonds-000899","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clibonds-000899","title":"2019 Green Bond Market Summary","publisher":{"name":"Climate Bonds Initiative","organization":"climate-bonds-initiative"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020-02","source_url":"https://www.climatebonds.net/files/documents/publications/2019-Green-Bond-Market-Summary_2025-02-17-163104_ftzm.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The global green bond and green loan market reached a record USD 257.7 billion in 2019, a 51% increase over 2018. Growth was primarily driven by Europe, which accounted for 45% of global issuance. The USA, China, and France remained the top-ranked countries, together representing 44% of the market. Energy and Buildings were the dominant sectors for use of proceeds, each holding approximately 30% market share. Certified Climate Bonds grew by 86% to reach USD 45 billion, with cumulative certified issuance surpassing the USD 100 billion milestone. The market also saw increased diversification with debut issuances from emerging markets including Kenya, Barbados, and Saudi Arabia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000899#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Global green bond and green loan issuance hit a record USD 257.7 billion in 2019, representing a 51% increase from the USD 170.6 billion recorded in 2018.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000899#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Europe was the primary driver of growth in 2019, accounting for 45% of global issuance (USD 116.7 billion), which was a 74% increase year-on-year. Asia-Pacific and North America followed with 25% and 23% shares, respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000899#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The USA, China, and France were the top three countries by issuance, collectively accounting for 44% of the global market. The USA contributed USD 51.3 billion, China USD 31.3 billion, and France USD 30.1 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000899#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Energy and Buildings were the largest sectors for use of proceeds, each representing approximately 30% of the market. Transport and Water followed with 20% and 9% shares, respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000899#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Certified Climate Bond issuance grew 86% to USD 45 billion in 2019, making up 17% of global volumes. Cumulative certified issuance reached USD 101.4 billion by the end of the year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000899#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-financial corporate issuance nearly doubled from USD 29.5 billion in 2018 to USD 59.3 billion in 2019, representing 23% of total volumes. The energy sector led this segment, with Engie, MidAmerican Energy, and Energias de Portugal SA (EDP) as the top three issuers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000899#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The market expanded into new emerging markets in 2019 with debut issuances from Barbados, Russia, Kenya, Panama, Greece, Ukraine, Ecuador, and Saudi Arabia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000899#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate bond","climate finance","renewable energy","water distribution system"],"geography_discussed":["Europe","United States","People's Republic of China","France","Barbados","Russia","Kenya","Panama","Greece","Ukraine","Ecuador","Saudi Arabia","Netherlands","Germany","Asia-Pacific","North America","Africa","LAC","Chile","Brazil","Nigeria","Poland","Indonesia","South Africa","Philippines","Italy"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["market summary","quantitative analysis"]},{"id":"ciel-000375","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-000375","title":"Report from the Madrid Climate Conference","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020-01","source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/CIELreportCOP25_HumanRights.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report evaluates COP25 as a failure in meeting the global call for increased climate ambition, noting a disconnect between mass mobilizations and the lack of urgency among negotiating Parties. While it highlights progress in gender-related frameworks and the establishment of the Santiago network for loss and damage, it emphasizes significant failures in integrating human rights and indigenous protections into Article 6 carbon market rules and the Warsaw International Mechanism. The document concludes by identifying 2020 advocacy opportunities to ensure human rights safeguards are embedded in NDCs and carbon trading modalities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000375#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"COP25 failed to meet the global demand for increased climate ambition, reflecting a disconnect between the urgency felt by civil society and activists and the lack of urgency among negotiating Parties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000375#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The sudden relocation of COP25 from Santiago, Chile, to Madrid, Spain, created barriers for public participation, particularly for indigenous peoples, grassroots organizations, and representatives from Latin America.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000375#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Negotiations on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement ended without agreement, which the report views as a positive outcome because the proposed rules lacked robust social and environmental safeguards, independent grievance processes, and protections for human rights and indigenous peoples.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000375#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'San José Principles for High Ambition and Integrity in International Carbon Markets', endorsed by 32 countries, failed to include references to social safeguards or the rights of indigenous peoples and human rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000375#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The review of the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) on Loss and Damage resulted in the creation of the 'Santiago network for averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change', but failed to secure new and additional finance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000375#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant achievement of COP25 was the adoption of a renewed five-year Lima work programme (LWP) and a Gender Action Plan (GAP), which for the first time in UN climate talks referenced discrimination and intersectionality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000375#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform (LCIPP) adopted its first two-year workplan, providing a mechanism to integrate traditional knowledge and indigenous rights into the implementation of the Paris Agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000375#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["human rights","climate justice","indigenous rights","carbon emission trading","loss and damage","Nationally Determined Contributions","just transition","traditional knowledge","capacity building","nature-based solutions","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Chile","Madrid","Santiago","Latin America","Panama","Philippines"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","conference report"]},{"id":"iisd-001358","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001358","title":"Que pourraient signifier les tendances en matière de politiques agricoles nationales face aux efforts d’adaptation des règles de l’OMC concernant les mesures de soutien interne?","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"fr","date_published":"2020","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/farm-policy-trends-summary-fr.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The executive summary highlights that current WTO disciplines fail to significantly limit the agricultural subsidies of major providers like the US and EU, nor do they adequately address the growing support from emerging economies like China and India. It suggests that reforming these rules is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and ensuring global food system stability, especially amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors propose simplifying rules by introducing a minimum level of trade-distorting support based on a percentage of production value, implementing stricter transparency requirements, and establishing new, gradually decreasing global limits on internal support to correct international inequalities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001358#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A small number of WTO members—China, India, the United States, and the European Union—account for nearly 75% of all agricultural aid that the WTO considers to have trade-distorting effects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001358#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Existing WTO disciplines are ineffective at limiting the ability of historically high-subsidizing members, specifically the US and EU, to provide support, and they do not sufficiently address the rapidly growing support provided by emerging economies such as China and India.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001358#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'green box' (Annex 2 of the Agreement) currently allows for unrestricted spending on programs with limited trade effects, such as rural infrastructure, pest and disease control, research, and advisory services, providing a pathway for countries to increase public investment to meet Sustainable Development Goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001358#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To improve equity and transparency, the IISD and IFPRI propose four policy options: establishing new, gradually decreasing global limits on internal support based on production value; providing special and differential treatment for developing countries; setting product-specific support limits; and excluding government food purchases for public stockpiling from internal support limits if the regulated price is below the international market price.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001358#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["agricultural subsidy","sustainable agriculture","food security"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","United States","European Union","Japan","Russia","Indonesia","Brazil","Canada","Norway","Panama","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","economic analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-002858","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002858","title":"What National Farm Policy Trends Could Mean for Efforts to Update WTO Rules on Domestic Support","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2020","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/farm-policy-trends-summary-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document highlights that current WTO disciplines fail to constrain high levels of trade-distorting support in major economies like the US, EU, China, and India, while hindering the ability of other members to invest in food security. It proposes simplifying rules through new overall limits tied to agricultural output, increased transparency, and special treatment for developing countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002858#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A small number of WTO members account for up to 75% of all support classified as trade-distorting, specifically China, India, the United States, and the European Union.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002858#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Existing WTO rules are ineffective at disciplining the ability of historically high-support members, such as the EU and US, to increase domestic support, and they do not address the rapid growth of support in emerging economies like India and China.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002858#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'green box' (Annex 2 of the Agreement) currently allows for unlimited spending on programs with limited trade effects, such as rural infrastructure, research, and pest and disease control, providing room for members to increase public investment in food systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002858#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To reform domestic support, the authors recommend implementing new overall limits on trade-distorting support that are gradually reduced and tied to agricultural output rather than fixed historical levels, alongside stronger transparency requirements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002858#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proposed reforms include special and differential treatment for developing countries via higher initial caps or longer phase-in periods, limits on commodity-specific support, and excluding food bought for public stockholding from limits if the price is below an agreed international market price.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002858#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","sustainable agriculture"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","United States","European Union","Japan","Russia","Indonesia","Brazil","Canada","Norway","Panama","Togo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","trend analysis"]},{"id":"wwf-000304","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000304","title":"Living Planet Report 2020","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/167/279c656a32_ENGLISH_FULL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Living Planet Report 2020 documents a severe global decline in wildlife populations and ecosystems, highlighting the interconnectedness of nature and human health. It identifies land-use change, overexploitation, and climate change as primary drivers of biodiversity loss and proposes a roadmap to 'bend the curve' of this decline through integrated conservation and food system reform.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2020 global Living Planet Index (LPI) indicates an average 68% decrease in the population sizes of monitored vertebrate species—including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish—between 1970 and 2016.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most significant regional decline recorded in the LPI is in the tropical subregions of the Americas, which saw a 94% decrease.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Human activity has significantly altered 75% of the Earth's ice-free land surface, and more than 85% of the area of wetlands has been lost.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Humanity is currently overusing the Earth's biocapacity by at least 56%, meaning the human enterprise demands 1.56 times the amount the planet can regenerate.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Land-use change, specifically the conversion of native habitats into agricultural systems, is the primary direct driver of biodiversity loss in terrestrial systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Freshwater species are experiencing steep declines, with the Freshwater Living Planet Index showing an average decline of 84% since 1970, with megafauna (species over 30kg) being particularly vulnerable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Plant diversity is in serious decline; approximately 22% of sampled plant species are threatened with extinction, and documented plant extinctions are twice as high as those for mammals, birds, and amphibians combined.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Terrestrial insect populations are declining, with a mean global loss of 8.8% per decade since 1925, although freshwater insects have shown a mean increase of 11.3% per decade.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The global stock of natural capital per person has declined by nearly 40% since the early 1990s, while produced capital has doubled and human capital has increased by 13%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Agriculture is a major driver of environmental degradation, responsible for 80% of global deforestation, 70% of freshwater use, and 70% of terrestrial biodiversity loss.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately one-third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally, contributing to at least 6% of total global greenhouse gas emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Bending the Curve' modelling indicates that while increased conservation is the most effective single action to limit future losses, it must be combined with sustainable production and consumption to avoid increasing food prices and to reverse biodiversity trends by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Only 25% of terrestrial Earth is considered 'wilderness' (areas with no human footprint), with the majority of these remaining areas located in Russia, Canada, Brazil, and Australia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-13","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Marine ecosystems are under pressure from overfishing, pollution, and climate change; only 13% of the ocean area is considered wilderness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000304#insight-14","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity loss","ecosystem service","land-use change","sustainable agriculture","climate change","natural capital","food security","planetary health"],"geography_discussed":["Americas","Brazil","Panama","Russia","Canada","Australia","Ethiopia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["trend analysis","predictive modelling","economic assessment"]},{"id":"cmw-000368","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cmw-000368","title":"Carbon markets must benefit people and the planet – anything less is unacceptable","publisher":{"name":"Carbon Market Watch","organization":"carbon-market-watch"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2019-12-09","source_url":"https://carbonmarketwatch.org/2019/12/09/carbon-markets-must-benefit-people-and-the-planet-anything-less-is-unacceptable/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The statement highlights the failures of the UN Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) through examples of hydroelectric projects in Chile and Panama that caused environmental destruction and human rights violations. It calls for mandatory stakeholder consultations and independent grievance redress mechanisms in future carbon markets under the Paris Agreement to ensure a just transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000368#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Alto Maipo Hydropower Project in Chile, approved by the UN Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), threatened the water supply for seven million people in Santiago and caused irreversible damage to local livestock, beekeeping, and tourism activities in El Alfalfal and Los Maitenes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000368#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Barro Blanco hydroelectric dam in Panama, also a CDM-approved project, resulted in the flooding of cultural sites and lands, damage to livelihoods, and violent clashes that led to three deaths.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000368#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The author asserts that the UN Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) failed because it lacked an independent grievance redress mechanism for affected communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000368#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To avoid repeating past mistakes, the author argues that Article 6 rules of the Paris Agreement must mandate inclusive stakeholder consultations throughout a project's duration and establish an independent grievance redress mechanism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000368#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon emission trading","carbon credit","Paris Agreement","clean development mechanism","climate justice","human rights","Environmental and Social Safeguards","hydropower","just transition"],"geography_discussed":["Chile","Santiago","Cajón del Maipo","Panama","Madrid"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","case study"]},{"id":"iisd-002165","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002165","title":"Exploración de los Posibles Impactos de las Reglas de la OMC Sobre Subsidios a la Pesca: El Caso del Camarón en la Costa Oeste de América Latina","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2019-12","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/subsidios-pesca-camaron-america-latina-informe-es.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes how proposed WTO rules to prohibit subsidies for illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, overcapacity, and overfishing would affect shrimp fisheries in Latin America. It highlights that fuel subsidies are the most common form of support, primarily benefiting the industrial sector. The document argues that while subsidy reform is crucial for ecological sustainability and economic efficiency, it must be accompanied by broader fisheries management policies and gradual implementation to protect vulnerable communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002165#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Shrimp fisheries in the Tropical Eastern Pacific are largely overexploited, with a trend of decreasing total landings as fleets move to new areas and deeper waters to compensate for declining catches.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002165#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fisheries subsidies in the region, primarily fuel subsidies and support for vessel maintenance, contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, with the industrial sector receiving the majority of these funds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002165#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The impact of a WTO ban on subsidies for illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing would depend on the ability of regional governments to identify and sanction their own national fleets, as IUU activities are common in the region.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002165#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A prohibition of subsidies that includes bycatch of overexploited or unassessed populations would have a significant impact on regional shrimp fisheries because they capture large quantities of juveniles of other commercial species.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002165#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fuel subsidy removal would likely reduce fishing effort in the Mexican industrial shrimp fishery where subsidies are critical for profitability, but would have less impact on artisanal fishing due to administrative barriers and general profitability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002165#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Evidence from Mexico, Nicaragua, Ecuador, and Panama shows that limiting fishing effort, partly by reducing fuel subsidies, has led to the recovery of some populations, including an increase in total catches in Mexico.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002165#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Costa Rica and Ecuador, industrial shrimp trawling was completely suspended due to negative impacts on bycatch species and economic losses for artisanal fishing and food security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002165#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Mexico","Guatemala","El Salvador","Honduras","Nicaragua","Costa Rica","Panama","Ecuador","Sinaloa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy impact assessment","economic analysis"]},{"id":"ciel-000290","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-000290","title":"Integrating Human Rights in the Modalities Related to Carbon Markets Established under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2019-11","source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/BriefingNote_RightsInArticle6.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing note examines the ongoing negotiations regarding Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, highlighting the risk that poorly designed carbon market and non-market mechanisms could lead to human rights violations. It advocates for the inclusion of rights-based safeguards, meaningful stakeholder consultation (including free, prior, and informed consent for indigenous peoples), and independent grievance redress processes to avoid repeating failures seen in the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000290#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Negotiations on Article 6 rules remain incomplete and divisive heading into COP25, with significant disagreement over environmental integrity, double-counting, and the inclusion of human rights and social safeguards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000290#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document identifies three essential components for preserving human rights within Article 6 activities: social and environmental safeguards, public participation, and an independent grievance redress mechanism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000290#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon emission trading","human rights","Environmental and Social Safeguards","public participation","clean development mechanism","just transition","indigenous rights","Free, Prior and Informed Consent"],"geography_discussed":["Panama","Chile"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","legal briefing"]},{"id":"transfor-000004","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/transfor-000004","title":"BUENAS PRÁCTICAS PARA EL TURISMO CIENTÍFICO","publisher":{"name":"Transforma","organization":"transforma"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2019-11","source_url":"https://transforma.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/200612-Reporte-Final-Buenas-Practicas-para-el-Turismo-Cientifico-Caso-OET.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that scientific stations cannot be 100% financially self-sufficient and must combine 'Investigative Scientific Tourism' with 'Amateur Scientific Tourism' to achieve holistic sustainability. Using the OET stations in Costa Rica (La Selva and Las Cruces), it proposes a target visitor mix of 40% researchers and 60% high-paying amateurs to maximize revenue and reduce seasonality. Key recommendations include territorial zoning to separate researchers from tourists, implementing differentiated pricing, and establishing university consortia to ensure a steady flow of students and institutional funding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000004#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"No scientific station is currently 100% financially self-sufficient; the OET stations cover 80% of their costs through operations and the remaining 20% through donations from academia, philanthropy, and international cooperation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000004#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To maximize financial and environmental sustainability, stations should aim for a visitor distribution of 40% Investigative Scientific Tourism and 60% Amateur Scientific Tourism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000004#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The coexistence of researchers and amateur tourists requires territorial zoning—specifically an 80% allocation for conservation/research and 20% for tourism—and the use of higher amateur fees to subsidize scientific work.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000004#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Amateur scientific tourists, such as birdwatchers, represent a significant untapped market opportunity due to their high purchasing power and ability to mitigate the seasonality of academic visits, which typically peak from December to February and June to August.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000004#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"University consortia are essential for stability; the OET's consortium of approximately 51 to 70 universities provides annual memberships of around $10,000 USD each and ensures a consistent flow of students.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000004#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Transitioning to solar energy can significantly reduce operational costs; La Selva invested $300,000 USD in 800 panels, reducing annual energy costs from $130,000 USD to $75,000 USD, with a projected further reduction to $30,000 USD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000004#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity conservation","solar energy","ecotourism"],"geography_discussed":["Colombia","Ecuador","Panama","United States","Mexico","South Africa","Peru","Sarapiquí","Coto Brus Canton"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","business model analysis","best practices report"]},{"id":"wmbco-000004","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wmbco-000004","title":"Businesses call for deeper partnership to build a more forest positive future","publisher":{"name":"We Mean Business Coalition","organization":"we-mean-business-coalition"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2019-08-30","source_url":"https://www.wemeanbusinesscoalition.org/what-we-do/for-policymakers/coalition-led-advocacy-interventions-from-business/statement-in-response-to-amazon-fires/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that halting deforestation is essential to limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius and calls for deeper collaboration between governments, the private sector, and civil society. It highlights that over 40% of global deforestation is driven by agricultural expansion for commodities like soybeans, cattle, palm oil, rubber, and cocoa. The authors advocate for the inclusion of farmers and producers in solutions and cite the Soy Moratorium in Brazil and the Palm Oil Moratorium in Indonesia as successful models where agricultural production increased while deforestation decreased.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wmbco-000004#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicates that maintaining a temperature limit of 1.5 degrees Celsius is impossible without an end to deforestation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wmbco-000004#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Agricultural expansion for commodities—specifically soybeans, cattle, palm oil, rubber, and cocoa—is responsible for more than 40% of deforestation worldwide.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wmbco-000004#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Soy Moratorium in Brazil and the Palm Oil Moratorium in Indonesia serve as successful examples where deforestation declined while agricultural production increased.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wmbco-000004#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective solutions to deforestation require the active engagement of farmers and producers who are at the base of global supply chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wmbco-000004#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation","climate change mitigation"],"geography_discussed":["Indonesia","Congo Basin","Southeast Asia","Panama","Belgium"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy advocacy"]},{"id":"gclifun-004866","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gclifun-004866","title":"Sustainable Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) Coffee of Honduras","publisher":{"name":"Green Climate Fund","organization":"green-climate-fund"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-07-02","source_url":"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/22310-sustainable-nationally-appropriate-mitigation-actions-nama-coffee-honduras.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Sustainable Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) Coffee of Honduras programme seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the resilience of 4,000 small coffee producers and 80 coffee mills. With a total indicative cost of USD 39,623,400, the initiative focuses on introducing agroforestry systems, improving fertilizer use, and implementing solar technologies for coffee drying. The programme proposes a dual financial mechanism consisting of a non-reimbursable Coffee Fund and a reimbursable Coffee Credit Line, managed by the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI). Key goals include a mitigation impact of 320 GgCO2e by 2023 and the establishment of a Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system to track emissions reductions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004866#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The programme aims to achieve a total mitigation impact of 320 GgCO2e by the end of its implementation in 2023, followed by annual average reductions of 64 GgCO2e over the subsequent 10 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004866#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The initiative targets 4,000 small low-income coffee producers and 80 coffee mills, aiming to have them apply at least one low-carbon practice or technology across 10,000 hectares by 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004866#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The programme identifies four primary mitigation measures: comprehensive management of agroforestry systems (estimated 260 GgCO2e over 20 years), more efficient fertilizer use, waste treatment technologies in mills (estimated 418 GgCO2e over 13 years), and replacing mechanical-electric dryers with solar technologies (estimated 188 GgCO2e over 10 years).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004866#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To overcome financial barriers, the programme will implement two mechanisms: a non-reimbursable Coffee Fund (CF) for grants to support low-carbon practices and a reimbursable Coffee Credit Line channeled through CABEI's network of Financial Institutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004866#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The programme will establish a comprehensive Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system to track GHG emissions at both production and processing levels, which is intended to eventually become a mandatory requirement for coffee farmers and mill operators.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004866#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The total indicative project cost is USD 39,623,400, with USD 22,831,400 requested from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) as a grant, representing 58% of the total cost.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004866#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["agroforestry","carbon neutrality","climate finance","greenhouse gas emissions","measurement, reporting, and verification","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Costa Rica","Dominican Republic","El Salvador","Guatemala","Nicaragua","Panama"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["programme proposal","mitigation assessment","financial planning"]},{"id":"iai-001730","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-001730","title":"Decisions of the 27th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-06-22","source_url":"https://iai.int/administrador/assets/images/ckfinder/files/CoP-27-Decisions-en-.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 27th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) approved the 2019-2020 Core Budget and adopted the IAI Strategic Plan and a revised Scientific Agenda. Key decisions include the invitation of the Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute (Colombia) and Estación Científica COIBA AIP (Panama) to become Associates, and the instruction to implement the Science and Technology Policy (STeP) Fellowships Program. The IAI Directorate was also directed to explore collaboration with the Green Climate Fund and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research to address climate change and global change research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001730#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Conference of the Parties approved the Core Budget for the 2019-2020 fiscal year and a preliminary request for the 2020-2022 period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001730#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI adopted its Strategic Plan and a revised Scientific Agenda, with instructions for the latter to be further updated to better incorporate human systems and transdisciplinary research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001730#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Two institutions were invited to become Associates of the Institute: the Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute in Colombia and the Estación Científica COIBA AIP in Panama.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001730#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI Directorate is tasked with exploring partnerships to support climate and global change research, specifically with the Green Climate Fund Secretariat to serve as a Readiness Delivery Partner in Latin America and with Germany's Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001730#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is pursuing a 'Collaborative South-South regional approach' to open data and open science, involving collaboration with the African Academy of Science (AAS), the International Council for Science (ICS), and the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001730#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate finance","capacity building"],"geography_discussed":["Brazil","Colombia","Panama","Latin America","Germany"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["institutional governance","policy decision"]},{"id":"iai-000603","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000603","title":"Report of the 48th meeting of the IAI Executive Council","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-06-18","source_url":"http://iai.int/pdf/en/EC-48-draft-report-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The 48th meeting of the Executive Council (EC-48) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research took place on 6 June 2019 in Brasilia, Brazil, held in conjunction with the 27th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP-27).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000603#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 48th meeting of the Executive Council (EC-48) was held on 6 June 2019 in Brasilia, Brazil, and was conducted back-to-back with the 27th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP-27).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000603#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The meeting was attended by representatives from five Parties to the Agreement: Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Panama, and the United States of America.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000603#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The Executive Council approved the agenda by consensus and noted that CoP-27 had approved all Decisions from the 47th meeting of the Executive Council (EC-47) with minimal revisions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000603#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Regarding implementation strategies for Decisions from EC-47 and CoP-27, the IAI Executive Director proposed a mid-way review of actions during the intersessional period, and the United States suggested a one-hour teleconference for the second EC meeting, an option the Executive Director will explore.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000603#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Chile","Guatemala","Panama","United States","Brasília"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"iai-001774","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-001774","title":"Report of the 47th meeting of the IAI Executive Council","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-06-18","source_url":"http://iai.int/pdf/en/EC-47-draft-report-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 47th meeting of the IAI Executive Council focused on coordinating scientific priorities, financial planning, and governance structures ahead of CoP-27. Key outcomes include recommendations for the adoption of a new IAI Strategic Plan and Scientific Agenda, the proposal to create a task force to engage national funding agencies, and the recommendation to extend the IAI Executive Director's contract. The Council also addressed the need for greater geographic and subject matter diversity within the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) and discussed capacity-building efforts in Central America and the Caribbean.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001774#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Executive Council recommended that the Conference of the Parties (CoP) adopt the revised IAI Scientific Agenda and the new IAI Strategic Plan, the latter of which incorporates national priorities and international frameworks like the Sustainable Development Goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001774#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To improve funding for science and capacity building, the Council proposed the creation of a task force specifically to engage with national funding agencies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001774#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI Directorate identified a need to increase the participation of researchers from Central America, noting a specific lack of such researchers in the Small Grants Human Well Being (SGP-HW) program.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001774#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Council emphasized that the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) membership must be balanced across regions and between natural and social sciences to ensure geographic and subject matter diversity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001774#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Executive Council recommended the extension of the IAI Executive Director's contract and requested the CoP to approve the Core Budget and Country Contributions for FY 2019-2020, as well as the preliminary request for 2020-2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001774#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is working to establish a regional network of cooperating research entities using mechanisms such as institute research centers, affiliated research institutions, and associates of the Institute.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001774#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["capacity building","climate finance","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["Central America","Caribbean","Chile","Guatemala","Mexico","Panama","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["governance report","administrative review"]}]}