{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Mombasa County"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'Mombasa County' for facet 'geography' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":5,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Mombasa+County","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"sei-001515","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001515","title":"Plastic waste management and recycling in Mombasa, Kenya","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-04","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/plasticwastemanagementmombasa-sei2022.013.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the plastic recycling ecosystem in Mombasa, Kenya, identifying a value chain that ranges from informal waste pickers to formal converters. While PET, HDPE, and PVC are recycled, other polymers like LDPE and polystyrene largely end up as litter. The study highlights significant barriers to a circular economy, including high licensing costs, poor working conditions for marginalized collectors, and a lack of designated recycling infrastructure. It emphasizes the potential of upcoming Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations to transform the sector and recommends implementing waste segregation at the source and providing financial incentives for recyclers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001515#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The primary plastic polymers recovered for recycling in Mombasa are polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), while low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene, and polystyrene are generally not recycled and contribute to environmental litter.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001515#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The plastic recycling value chain in Mombasa is structured into three levels of value addition: Category I (flaking and shredding), Category II (semi-processing into finer particles), and converters who manufacture finished products.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001515#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Recycling activities are often hampered by high operational costs and a lack of infrastructure, with some investors facing licensing and permit costs of approximately KES 250,000 (USD 2,500) for Category I value addition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001515#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Waste collectors, particularly informal pickers and community groups, face severe social and occupational challenges, including social marginalization, exploitation through unstable pricing, child labour, and exposure to hazardous materials and wildlife.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001515#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Kenya's regulatory landscape includes a 2017 ban on plastic carrier bags and a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas, with upcoming Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations expected to shift the burden of waste management to producers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001515#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The recycling sector suffers from a lack of quality control due to contamination from organic waste and the use of non-recyclable adhesives and foils in product branding, which reduces the value of the final recycled product.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001515#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Only a small fraction of plastic waste in Kenya is recycled, estimated at 7% of the 503,000 tons of plastic waste generated nationally.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001515#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Industry-led initiatives like PETCO provide subsidies to recyclers and establish drop-off points to increase the collection of PET packaging, involving approximately 16 manufacturers who control about 60% of Kenya's beverage sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001515#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["circular economy","environmental regulation"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Nairobi","Uganda","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scoping study","value chain analysis","policy review"]},{"id":"cdkn-000328","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000328","title":"RAISING RISK AWARENESS: USING CLIMATE SCIENCE FOR DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2017","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/2016-2017-Kenya-drought-policy-brief-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines how climate science, specifically attribution science, can be used to link extreme weather events to climate change and inform disaster risk management. It highlights a case study of the 2016/2017 drought in Kenya, noting that while human-induced climate change signals were not strong for rainfall, hotter temperatures influenced by climate change and La Nina patterns contributed to the event. The brief recommends increased investment in national and subnational capacities for climate services, better inter-agency coordination, and the alignment of early warning systems with forecast-based early action.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000328#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Attribution science can enhance disaster risk management by improving risk awareness, strengthening preparedness through the anticipation of disasters, providing evidence for climate adaptation policies, and informing the allocation of resources for risk reduction programs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000328#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"An attribution analysis of the 2016/2017 drought in North Western Kenya (Turkana and Marsabit) and South East Kenya (Kwale, Kilifi, Mombasa and Lamu) found that human-induced climate change did not show a strong signal in rainfall trends, but hotter temperatures likely influenced by climate change and La Nina patterns drove the drought.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000328#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 2016-17 drought was found to be a relatively common event with a low return time, and was less severe in Lamu than the 2010-11 drought, though comparable in Marsabit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000328#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The uptake of climate information for early warning in Kenya has been hindered by resource limitations, poor public awareness, gaps between science and policy, and the complexity of how climate information is presented.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000328#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extreme event attribution","disaster risk reduction","Climate information service","early warning system","climate change adaptation","drought","climate variability"],"geography_discussed":["Turkana County","Marsabit County","Kwale County","Kilifi County","Mombasa County","Lamu County"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","policy analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000989","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000989","title":"The drought in Kenya, 2016–2017","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2017","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/The-drought-in-Kenya-2016-2017.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2016–2017 drought in Kenya, declared a national emergency in February 2017, was primarily driven by sea surface temperature patterns, specifically La Niña. While attribution analysis found no strong climate change signal in rainfall trends, it concluded that temperatures during the drought were hotter than they would have been without human-induced climate change. The drought severely impacted 23 counties, leaving up to 4 million people in need of food aid by April 2017, though it was less extreme than the 2010–2011 event.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000989#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2016–2017 drought was declared a national emergency by the Government of Kenya on 10 February 2017, affecting 23 arid and semi-arid counties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000989#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The drought was primarily influenced by sea surface temperature patterns, specifically La Niña, which created drier conditions in both the northwest and southeast regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000989#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Attribution analysis indicates that human-induced climate change made the temperatures during the drought hotter than they otherwise would have been, exacerbating the drought's effects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000989#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is no strong detectable signal of climate change in the rainfall trends for the studied areas, although small changes in the risk of poor rains cannot be excluded.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000989#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 2016–2017 event was an extreme occurrence but was less severe than the 2010–2011 drought; for example, the 2010–2011 drought is expected to occur less frequently than once every 50 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000989#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The drought caused significant humanitarian distress, with food aid needs estimated to reach 4 million people by April 2017 and over 350,000 severely malnourished pregnant mothers and children.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000989#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["drought","climate change","La Niña","sea surface temperature","food security","extreme weather event","extreme event attribution"],"geography_discussed":["Somalia","Ethiopia","Turkana County","Marsabit County","Kwale County","Kilifi County","Mombasa County","Lamu County","Nairobi"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["attribution analysis","meteorological assessment","impact assessment"]},{"id":"isdglo-000145","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000145","title":"scn-ea-lap-toolkit_en-a01b754ba059144a.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/SCN-EA-LAP-Toolkit_EN.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines a multisectoral approach to preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) at the sub-national level. It details a five-step process for creating Local Action Plans (LAPs): securing political buy-in, conducting risk assessments, developing a Theory of Change, establishing coordination structures like Local Prevention Networks (LPNs), and legislating the plan. The guide emphasizes a 'whole-of-city' approach, drawing heavily on the Kenyan County Action Plan (CAP) model, and provides frameworks for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) to ensure sustainability beyond donor funding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000145#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Local governments are uniquely positioned to lead P/CVE efforts because local leaders possess greater trust and proximity to their citizens, and the drivers of radicalisation are predominantly local.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000145#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Strong Cities Network (SCN) defines a 'model city' as one that possesses a multisectoral, community-focused Local Prevention Network (LPN) led by a prevention co-ordinator, driven by an LAP, informed by an evidence-based risk assessment, and integrated into local and national strategies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000145#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Kenyan County Action Plan (CAP) model has evolved through three generations: first-generation strategic documents in coastal 'hotspots', second-generation NCTC-mandated plans in other at-risk counties, and third-generation 'Rapid CAPs' (RCAPs) which are short one-year documents for all remaining counties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000145#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Lessons from Kenya indicate that LAPs fail when they are driven solely by national government representatives, leading to a lack of local ownership and reluctance by county governments to fund activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000145#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To ensure sustainability and legitimacy, LAPs must be grounded in local legislation or policy frameworks, such as executive orders, bills passed by locally elected assemblies, or 'peace and cohesion bills'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000145#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Funding for LAPs should be diversified across four streams to avoid over-reliance on donor funding: maximising existing in-kind resources, utilising local and national government budgets, generating private sector support, and accessing donor or CSO funding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000145#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) requires a Theory of Change (ToC) that links inputs, activities, outputs, immediate outcomes, intermediate outcomes, and the ultimate goal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000145#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["community resilience","public policy","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Jordan","Lebanon","North Macedonia","Kwale County","Mombasa County","Isiolo County","Nakuru County","Kumanovo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["guide","framework"]},{"id":"natjust-000205","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/natjust-000205","title":"Operational Definition of Terms","publisher":{"name":"Natural Justice","organization":"natural-justice"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Final-Infographic-summary-the-state-of-the-CJM-in-Kenya-Report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Climate Justice Movement (CJM) in Kenya is a decentralized coalition of civil society, grassroots organizations, and indigenous groups working to address unequal climate impacts. While the movement has successfully influenced policy and established a strong grassroots presence, it faces challenges including internal leadership disputes, limited funding, and coordination gaps. The study highlights the importance of the Financing Locally Led Climate Action (FLLoCA) program and the need for better gender mainstreaming and technical capacity building to ensure equitable climate action.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000205#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Climate Justice Movement (CJM) in Kenya is composed of a diverse range of actors, including local and international NGOs, faith-based organizations, indigenous peoples and local community (IPLC) organizations, and community-based organizations (CBOs). A total of 332 actors were identified, with 70.8% of IPLC work focused at the local level, while 90% of international NGOs operate at the national level.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000205#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Kenya possesses a robust legal and policy framework for climate governance, including the Climate Change Act of 2016, the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP), and the $171 million Financing Locally Led Climate Action (FLLoCA) program. However, implementation is hindered by limited funding, coordination gaps, and political will, with some national bodies like the Climate Change Council remaining inactive.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000205#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The CJM employs a multi-level advocacy strategy targeting communities, county governments, and the national government. At the county level, this includes using tools like the Mulika Tracking Tool in Marsabit County to monitor ward development funds and conducting participatory climate risk assessments to influence budgeting and policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000205#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite the recognition of gender integration in national policies and the Climate Change Act, actual implementation is weak. Power dynamics and inequality continue to limit the participation of women and marginalized groups in climate-related decision-making processes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000205#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The movement's overall effectiveness is currently undermined by internal fragmentation, leadership disputes, and high dependence on donors. These issues have weakened the CJM's unified voice and its ability to maintain a strong role in governance bodies like the National Climate Change Council.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000205#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate justice","climate finance","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","loss and damage","indigenous people","climate governance","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["Makueni County","Kitui County","Garissa County","Isiolo County","Wajir County","Kisumu County","Marsabit County","Nairobi","Mombasa County"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["SWOT analysis","case studies","policy review"]}]}