{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Mid-Atlantic"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":28,"relation":"eq"},"page":2,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Mid-Atlantic&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"ucs-000058","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000058","title":"Reducing Emissions from Transportation in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2018-10-10","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/resources/reducing-emissions-transportation-northeast-and-mid-atlantic","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states can significantly reduce CO2 pollution and consumer fuel spending by transitioning to electric vehicles and low-carbon fuels. It highlights specific targets for emissions cuts and emphasizes the need for equitable investments that prioritize polluted communities and marginalized populations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000058#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"By investing in vehicle efficiency, electric vehicles, and cleaner fuels, Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states could reduce CO2 pollution from on-road transportation by 37% by 2030 and 78% by 2050, while reducing consumer spending on gasoline and diesel by over $1 trillion by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000058#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) could result in savings of nearly $138 billion for ratepayers by 2050, provided there are sustained investments to incentivize adoption, particularly for low and moderate-income residents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000058#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Blending low-carbon biofuels into gasoline and diesel could achieve a 30 percent reduction in carbon emissions per unit of transportation fuel by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000058#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Improving air quality through these measures is projected to lead to more than $3 billion in cumulative avoided health impacts by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000058#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon dioxide emissions","road transport","electric vehicle","biofuel","fuel efficiency","air quality","climate justice"],"geography_discussed":["California","Connecticut","District of Columbia","Delaware","Massachusetts","Maryland","Maine","New Hampshire","New Jersey","New York","Pennsylvania","Rhode Island","Virginia","Vermont"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"ucs-000975","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000975","title":"Three Strategies to Move the Region Forward","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2018-10","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/attach/2018/10/reducing-emissions-from-transportation-in-northeast-and-mid-atlantic.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region can significantly reduce climate pollution and consumer costs by investing in vehicle efficiency, electric vehicles (EVs), and clean fuels. An analysis by M.J. Bradley and Associates indicates that these strategies could cut on-road CO2 emissions by 37% by 2030 and 78% by 2050 (relative to 1990 levels), while saving consumers over $1 trillion on petroleum-based fuels by 2050. The report emphasizes that electrification is the largest driver of emissions reductions and suggests policy mechanisms such as a Clean Fuel Standard and a regional clean transportation investment fund to achieve these goals equitably.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000975#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Implementing vehicle efficiency, electric vehicles, and clean fuels could reduce on-road carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic by 37 percent by 2030 and 78 percent by 2050, compared to 1990 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000975#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transition to clean transportation is projected to save consumers more than $125 billion on gasoline and diesel by 2030, increasing to more than $1 trillion by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000975#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The region could avoid significant health and environmental costs, with cumulative avoided health impacts exceeding $30 billion and avoided environmental damages reaching nearly $195 billion by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000975#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption by 2050 is considered cost-effective, assuming the electrification of 90% of passenger cars, 95% of transit buses, 70% of small trucks, and 30% of large trucks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000975#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"EV adoption could provide financial benefits to electricity ratepayers, potentially saving them nearly $22 billion by 2030 and $138 billion by 2050 through grid efficiency and optimized charging.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000975#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"An investment of nearly $172 billion between 2018 and 2030 is estimated to yield a net benefit of approximately $3 billion by 2030, growing to a cumulative $384 billion by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000975#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document recommends three specific policy approaches: accelerating vehicle efficiency and emissions standards post-2025, increasing utility investment in charging infrastructure, and implementing a Clean Fuel Standard.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000975#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["electric vehicle","Transportation emission","electric vehicle charging network","climate finance","air pollution"],"geography_discussed":["California"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic assessment","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"eninnova-000186","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/eninnova-000186","title":"A ROADMAP FOR FINDING FLEXIBILITY IN WHOLESALE MARKETS","publisher":{"name":"Energy Innovation","organization":"energy-innovation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-10","source_url":"https://energyinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/A-Roadmap-For-Finding-Flexibility-In-Wholesale-Power-Markets_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the challenges RTOs face as the U.S. grid shifts from large central generators to variable renewables and distributed energy resources (DERs). It argues that 'flexibility'—the ability to respond to changes in supply and demand across various timeframes—is essential for reliability and cost minimization. The authors recommend eliminating self-scheduling for all generators and imports, preserving negative pricing, and improving the coordination between natural gas and electricity markets. It also suggests creating technology-neutral products that value specific capabilities, such as ramping and frequency response, and highlights successful examples like MISO's Dispatchable Intermittent Resource category and CAISO's Flexi-Ramp product.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Self-scheduling by power plants reduces the amount of flexibility available to grid operators because these resources do not respond to market price signals. For example, a CAISO study indicated that making all resources dispatchable could increase down ramp capability from 0-3,000 MW to 2,000-5,000 MW on most days.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"MISO's Dispatchable Intermittent Resource (DIR) category successfully integrated variable wind resources into economic dispatch, virtually eliminating manual curtailments by requiring wind plants to follow dispatch signals and bid into markets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High levels of self-scheduled imports can lead to over-generation and the curtailment of renewable energy. In CAISO, reducing self-scheduled imports from 100% to 75% resulted in nearly a 75% reduction in over-generation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Negative pricing in energy markets is critical for efficient dispatch and provides a necessary investment signal for energy storage to manage over-generation and ramping.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Poor coordination between natural gas and electricity markets limits flexibility. Many RTOs post day-ahead electricity commitments too close to or after the natural gas nomination deadline, leaving generators insufficient time to optimize gas purchases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Arbitrary restrictions on resource participation, such as PJM's rules for behind-the-meter battery storage or ERCOT's minimum load requirements for demand response, prevent the grid from utilizing available flexibility.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Market products should be technology-neutral and focused on the desired service rather than the technology. PJM's Regulation D (RegD) product initially succeeded by accommodating fast-responding resources like batteries, but later changes that forced them to behave like thermal units undermined its value.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"ERCOT uses high scarcity pricing (up to $9,000/MWh) and an Operating Reserve Demand Curve (ORDC) adder to create strong financial incentives for flexible resources to be available during system stress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CAISO's Flexi-Ramp product ensures adequate ramping capability to handle deviations from forecasted load and compensates resources for the opportunity cost of providing that ramping.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The growth of inverter-based generators (wind and solar) reduces the amount of endogenous frequency response (inertia) on the grid, creating a need for new market products to pay for these reliability services.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000186#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["electricity market","grid flexibility","distributed generation","energy storage","demand response","economic dispatch"],"geography_discussed":["California","Texas","New York","Midwestern United States","New England","Mid-Atlantic","Southwest"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","market design analysis"]},{"id":"ucs-000881","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000881","title":"Bringing Electric Vehicles to the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2016-11","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/attach/2016/11/northeast-and-mid-atlantic-zev.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document advocates for increasing electric vehicle (EV) availability in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, noting that while 55% of regional consumers are interested, availability lags significantly behind California. It calls for the expiration of a regulatory exemption that allows sales in California to count toward compliance in Northeast states and suggests updating ZEV program credits to account for rapid improvements in battery range.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000881#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The transition to electric vehicles in the Northeast offers significant environmental and economic benefits, including a reduction in vehicle emissions by over 50 percent, lower fuel costs for drivers (potentially less than $2 per gallon equivalent), and improved public health through the reduction of pollutants like nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000881#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite high consumer interest—with 55 percent of Northeast consumers interested in EVs—there is a significant disparity in vehicle availability compared to California. For instance, Boston had 90 percent fewer EV listings than the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Area when adjusted for car ownership, and California dealers have twice as many EVs available for test drives and sale.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000881#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A regulatory loophole in the California ZEV program allows automakers to count battery-electric and fuel-cell EV sales in California toward their compliance obligations in the Northeast, leading manufacturers to prioritize the California market. The document argues this exemption must expire by the end of 2017 to ensure better vehicle availability for Northeast consumers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000881#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The ZEV program requires technical adjustments because actual EV range improvements have outpaced 2012 projections. Because automakers receive more credits for longer-range vehicles, the current regulation may result in fewer total EVs being required than originally intended to meet the goal of over 3 million vehicles by 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000881#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["electric vehicle","Transportation emission","air quality","battery electric vehicle","fuel cell vehicle"],"geography_discussed":["Connecticut","Maryland","Massachusetts","Rhode Island","New York","Vermont","New Jersey","Maine","California","Oregon","Boston","San Francisco-Oakland Bay Area"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","environmental assessment"]},{"id":"clipolin-000594","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clipolin-000594","title":"Improving the consistency of energy efficiency data: A landscape of decision makers and policy needs","publisher":{"name":"Climate Policy Initiative","organization":"climate-policy-initiative"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2012-11","source_url":"http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Improving-Consistency-of-Energy-Efficiency-Data.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The fact sheet highlights the need for consistent energy efficiency data across the U.S. to support decision-makers in grid planning, finance, and regulatory compliance. It maps various drivers for harmonization—ranging from integrated resource planning to the Clean Air Act—and identifies existing initiatives like the Regional Energy Efficiency Database (REED) and the Uniform Methods Project that aim to standardize definitions and reporting formats.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000594#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Demand-side management (DSM) programs are expanding across the United States, with budgets exceeding $8 billion in 2011 and implementation occurring in every state.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000594#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While DSM programs are thoroughly evaluated at the jurisdictional level, the lack of consistent evaluation methods and reporting practices limits their utility for national energy and climate policy-making.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000594#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Harmonizing DSM data would provide specific benefits across several policy areas: it would allow for the integration of energy efficiency into grid planning to displace GHG-emitting generation, unlock lower-cost private finance for efficiency investments, and enable the U.S. EPA to allow states more flexibility in implementing Clean Air Act GHG regulations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000594#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnership (NEEP) is implementing the Regional Energy Efficiency Database (REED) to make program data from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states more comparable and accessible.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000594#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["demand-side management","energy efficiency","greenhouse gas emissions","climate finance","sustainable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Northeastern United States","Mid-Atlantic","California"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","landscape mapping"]},{"id":"ucs-001136","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-001136","title":"Delaware’s Dependence on Imported Coal","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2010-05","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/UCS-BCBC-factsheet-Delaware.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"In 2008, Delaware imported all the coal used by its power plants, resulting in over $161 million leaving the state. While coal provided 70 percent of in-state power generation, the state has implemented an energy efficiency resource standard requiring a 2.5 percent annual reduction in electricity use from 2010 to 2015 and a renewable electricity standard targeting 20 percent of power from renewable resources by 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001136#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Delaware is entirely dependent on imported coal for its power plants, with sources located as far as Colorado and Wyoming, costing the state more than $161 million in 2008.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001136#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coal accounted for 70 percent of Delaware's in-state power generation in 2008, despite the state having no coal mining operations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001136#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Delaware ranks as the 4th most dependent state on net imports as a share of total electricity use at 69 percent, and the 8th most expensive in terms of net imports per person at $183.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001136#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To reduce coal dependence, Delaware established an energy efficiency resource standard in 2009 requiring utilities to reduce electricity use by an annual average of 2.5 percent between 2010 and 2015.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001136#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Delaware has a renewable electricity standard requiring 20 percent of the state's power to come from renewable resources by 2019, with technical potential to meet 43 percent of 2008 electricity needs via in-state land-based renewables like solar and bioenergy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001136#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal","electricity generation","energy efficiency","renewable energy","solar energy","bioenergy","offshore wind power"],"geography_discussed":["Colorado","Wyoming","Mid-Atlantic"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic analysis","policy assessment"]},{"id":"ucs-001148","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-001148","title":"New Jersey\u0019s Dependence on Imported Coal","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2010-05","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/UCS-BCBC-factsheet-New-Jersey.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"In 2008, New Jersey imported all the coal used by its power plants, resulting in $347 million leaving the state, including $93 million for international imports from countries such as Indonesia and Venezuela. While coal provided 14.1% of in-state electricity production, the state's overall energy demand exceeded its generation by 26%. The document argues that New Jersey can reduce this dependence by adopting energy efficiency resource standards and leveraging its technical potential for solar, bioenergy, and offshore wind, noting a state requirement for renewables to supply approximately 22% of power needs by 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001148#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In 2008, New Jersey imported 100% of the coal used by its power plants, with some sourced from Indonesia. This resulted in a total of $347 million being sent out of state to pay for these imports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001148#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"New Jersey ranked 7th among profiled states for spending on international coal imports, totaling $93 million. Specific international expenditures included $65 million to Indonesia and $28 million to Venezuela.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001148#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coal accounted for 14.1% of New Jersey's in-state electricity production in 2008. However, the state's retail customers purchased 26% more power than the state generated internally, suggesting further imports of electricity that may have been coal-derived.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001148#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"New Jersey has the technical capacity to meet 30% of its 2008 electricity requirements through renewable energy, specifically solar and bioenergy. Additionally, the state has mandated that utilities provide approximately 22% of power from renewable resources by 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001148#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document suggests that New Jersey could increase energy independence by adopting energy efficiency resource standards. In 2007, the state spent over $11 per person on ratepayer-funded efficiency programs, which reduced electricity use by 0.3%, though this spending was 3.5 times less than the state's expenditure on imported coal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001148#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal","energy efficiency","renewable energy","solar energy","bioenergy","offshore wind power","energy independence"],"geography_discussed":["Indonesia","Venezuela","Mid-Atlantic"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["financial analysis","energy mix analysis"]},{"id":"ucs-000183","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000183","title":"Urgent Need for Strong Action to Curb Global Warming","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2009-02-20","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/resources/economic-facts-support-united-states-action-curb-global-warming","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document asserts that the United States must reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80 percent below 2000 levels by 2050 to avoid severe climate impacts. It argues that the cost of action is small relative to the global and national economy, while the cost of inaction is significantly higher, citing potential losses of over 3.6% of U.S. GDP annually by 2100. The text advocates for a policy mix of market-based cap-and-trade systems and sector-specific incentives, warning that 'safety valves' or price caps would undermine investment in new energy technologies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000183#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"To address global warming, the United States needs to lower its greenhouse gas emissions by a minimum of 80 percent compared to 2000 levels by the year 2050, regardless of the actions taken by other industrialized or developing nations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000183#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The economic burden of stabilizing emissions is relatively low; the 2007 IPCC report estimated that such actions would result in a reduction of the average annual global GDP growth rate by less than 0.12 percent by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000183#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The financial consequences of failing to act on climate change far exceed the costs of mitigation. The Stern Review (2006) estimates international costs of unabated climate change at least 5 percent of global per capita GDP, while a Tufts University report suggests the U.S. economy could lose more than 3.6% of GDP, or $3.8 trillion, annually by 2100.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000183#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Unabated global warming is projected to cause severe regional economic damage across the United States, including a 70 percent decline in soybean productivity in the Great Plains, a 36 percent reduction in California's agricultural land value, and costs between $300 million and $8 billion for sea wall protection in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000183#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"An effective climate policy should combine sector-specific incentives for renewable energy and efficiency with a comprehensive cap-and-trade program. Such a program should avoid 'safety valves' or carbon price caps, as these would reduce the market certainty required for businesses to invest in new energy technologies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000183#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","emission trading","renewable energy","energy efficiency","climate finance","climate change adaptation","sea level rise","extreme weather event"],"geography_discussed":["World","Northeastern United States","Mid-Atlantic","Midwestern United States","Great Plains","Northwest","Washington","Alaska","California","San Francisco","Santa Barbara","Southeast"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic assessment","policy analysis"]}]}