{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Mexico"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":2326,"relation":"eq"},"page":35,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Mexico&page=35","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Mexico&page=36","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"ciel-000597","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-000597","title":"INFORME JURÍDICO SOBRE LA DECISIÓN DEL TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DE NEGAR LA PRESENTACIÓN DE UN AMICUS POR TERCEROS INTERESADOS EN EL CASO ODYSSEY MARINE EXPLORATION, INC. C. LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2022-02","source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Informe-jurídico-sobre-la-decisión-del-Tribunal-Arbitral-de-negar-la-presentación-de-un-amicus-por-terceros-interesados-en-el-caso-Odyssey-Marine-Exploration-Inc-c-Los-Estados-Unidos-Mexicanos.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the denial of amicus curiae status to CIEL and the Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Puerto Chale in the ICSID case UNCT/20/1, which concerns the Don Diego deep-sea mining project in Mexico. The author argues that the tribunal's majority decision ignored significant public interests, including environmental risks to the Gulf of Ulloa and the human rights of local fishers. By relying on discretionary power rather than an obligation to recognize public interest, the report contends that the tribunal undermined the legitimacy of the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) system and failed to integrate international environmental and human rights law into the proceedings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000597#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The arbitral tribunal in the case of Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. v. Mexico (ICSID Case No. UNCT/20/1) denied a request from the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and the Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Puerto Chale to participate as amicus curiae.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000597#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The tribunal's majority reasoned that the applicants lacked a significant interest in the arbitration and would not provide a perspective or knowledge different from the contending parties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000597#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Arbitrator Professor Philippe Sands dissented from the majority, stating that the unique perspective of the affected community would have been valuable and that the decision to exclude them undermines the procedure's legitimacy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000597#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Don Diego project, the subject of the dispute, is identified as being of public interest because it is incompatible with fishing refuge and concession zones, threatens regional biodiversity, and potentially violates human rights including the rights to health, work, and a healthy environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000597#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report argues that the current ISDS system relies on the 'discretionary power to authorize' rather than an 'obligation to recognize' public interest representation, which allows tribunals to dismiss public concerns without adequate reasoning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000597#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report highlights a broader international movement against deep-sea mining, noting a September 2021 IUCN World Conservation Congress motion for a moratorium and a statement by 622 marine science and policy experts from over 44 countries calling for a pause.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000597#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["environmental law","human rights","biodiversity"],"geography_discussed":["Baja California peninsula","Gulf of Ulloa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["legal analysis","case study"]},{"id":"ciel-000648","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-000648","title":"LEGAL BRIEFING ON THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL'S DECISION TO DENY THIRD PARTY SUBMISSION IN ODYSSEY MARINE EXPLORATION, INC. V. THE UNITED MEXICAN STATES","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2022-02","source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Legal-Briefing-on-the-Arbitral-Tribunals-Decision-to-Deny-Third-Party-Submission-in-Odyssey-Marine-Exploration-Inc-v-The-United-Mexican-States_English.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document analyzes the denial of third-party participation in the Odyssey v. Mexico case, arguing that the tribunal's discretionary power to exclude affected communities undermines the legitimacy of the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) system and ignores critical environmental and human rights considerations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000648#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"On December 20, 2021, the arbitral tribunal in Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. v. United Mexican States (ICSID No. UNCT/20/1) denied an application for leave to file an amicus curiae brief by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and the Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Puerto Chale.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000648#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The tribunal's majority reasoned that the applicants lacked a significant interest in the arbitration and would not provide knowledge or insight different from the disputing parties. The majority specifically argued that because the claimant sought compensation for NAFTA breaches rather than project restitution, the Cooperativa did not have a significant interest.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000648#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Don Diego Project, a seabed mining project off Mexico’s Baja California Peninsula, is identified as posing risks to the marine environment of the Gulf of Ulloa, the livelihoods of local fisherfolk, and human rights including the rights to work, health, a healthy environment, and cultural life.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000648#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Arbitrator Professor Philippe Sands dissented from the majority, stating that the Cooperativa's unique perspective as a directly affected community was valuable and that the decision to exclude them undermines the legitimacy of the proceedings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000648#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document argues that the ISDS system's reliance on a 'discretionary power to authorize' rather than a 'duty to recognise' public interest representation allows tribunals to dismiss environmental and human rights concerns without proper argumentation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000648#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The briefing notes a broader international movement against seabed mining, citing a September 2021 motion by the World Conservation Congress of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for a moratorium and a statement by 622 marine science and policy experts from over 44 countries calling for a pause.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000648#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["environmental law","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Baja California peninsula","Gulf of Ulloa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["legal analysis","policy critique"]},{"id":"clibonds-000770","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clibonds-000770","title":"Global green taxonomy development, alignment, and implementation","publisher":{"name":"Climate Bonds Initiative","organization":"climate-bonds-initiative"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-02","source_url":"https://www.climatebonds.net/files/documents/publications/Global-Green-Taxonomy-Development-Alignment-and-Implementation.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the rise of green taxonomies as classification systems to identify sustainable economic activities and reduce greenwashing. It identifies three primary development approaches: whitelist-based, technical screening criteria (TSC) based, and principle-based. A central focus is the alignment between the EU and China taxonomies via the International Platform on Sustainable Finance (IPSF) and the Common Ground Taxonomy (CGT), which aims to facilitate cross-border green capital flows. The document details how these taxonomies are implemented by regulators for mandatory disclosure and by financial intermediaries for product development and risk management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000770#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Green taxonomies generally follow one of three methodological approaches: whitelist-based (listing specific green technologies), technical screening criteria (TSC) based (using technology-neutral thresholds to determine substantial contribution and 'do no significant harm'), or principle-based (defining core guiding principles).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000770#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EU and China taxonomies differ in their primary environmental focus and design; the EU initially focused on climate change adaptation and mitigation across six objectives, while China's system addresses broader pollution challenges and resource efficiency across three objectives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000770#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The International Platform on Sustainable Finance (IPSF) developed the Common Ground Taxonomy (CGT) to improve the interoperability of the EU and China frameworks, serving as a voluntary reference to reduce verification costs and facilitate cross-border green investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000770#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Implementation of the EU taxonomy includes mandatory disclosure for large companies under the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) regarding the proportion of turnover, CAPEX, and OPEX aligned with the taxonomy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000770#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In China, the Green Bond Endorsed Projects Catalogue (2021 Edition) provides a unified domestic definition for green bonds, making its application mandatory for onshore green bond issuance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000770#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable finance","climate bond","greenwashing","climate change mitigation","climate change adaptation"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","People's Republic of China","Mexico","United Kingdom","South Africa","Japan","Malaysia","Mongolia","Russia","South Korea","Canada","Chile","Colombia","Singapore","Sri Lanka","ASEAN"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative analysis","policy review","market audit"]},{"id":"sei-002554","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002554","title":"Submission to the First Technical Dialogue of the Global Stocktake","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-02","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/sei-gst-submission-20220225.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Stockholm Environment Institute argues that current global efforts are inadequate, highlighting a significant 'production gap' where fossil fuel plans exceed 1.5°C limits. The report emphasizes the need for 'just resilience' in adaptation, the urgent requirement for dedicated loss and damage financing, and the necessity of aligning financial flows with low-emission pathways while ensuring equity for developing nations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a significant gap between government fossil fuel production plans and the goals of the Paris Agreement; by 2030, producing countries plan to extract more than twice the amount of oil, gas, and coal compatible with a 1.5°C warming limit, and 45% more than compatible with 2°C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 136 countries representing 90% of global GDP and 88% of emissions have set net zero targets, these pledges often lack specific policy planning, scope, and near-term action requirements, and may rely too heavily on negative emission technologies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate mitigation efforts can be enhanced by linking them to health and air quality benefits; for example, implementing current NDCs could prevent 400,000 premature deaths annually by 2050, increasing to 1 million if targets align with a 2°C limit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"All countries face transboundary climate risks through agricultural trade; the US, China, and Brazil are identified as significant sources of risk for global commodity markets, particularly affecting food security in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) are progressing slowly, with only 34 countries having submitted them to the registry; these plans typically overlook human rights principles and transboundary risks, focusing instead on domestic hazards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Adaptation finance for Africa is severely insufficient and poorly targeted; between 2014 and 2018, commitments remained below US$5.5 billion per year, with a disbursement ratio of only 46% and a bias toward mitigation over adaptation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global climate finance is not yet aligned with 1.5°C pathways, with clean energy investment at only one-third of the required level; furthermore, investments in 'brown' sectors like oil and gas have continued to increase since 2015.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Just transition efforts are currently too narrow, focusing primarily on labor policies in the energy sector; they need to expand to other GHG-intensive sectors, such as food production, and address socio-cultural impacts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Progress on loss and damage (L&D) is limited by the lack of a formal definition and financial mechanisms; annual finance needs for developing countries are estimated to reach between US$200 billion and US$580 billion by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002554#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["petroleum industry","ecosystem-based adaptation","food security","disaster risk reduction","national adaptation plan","climate finance","climate bond","just transition","loss and damage"],"geography_discussed":["Africa","United States","People's Republic of China","Brazil","South Africa","Nigeria","Sweden","Rwanda","Mexico","Chile","Colombia","Ghana"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","quantitative analysis","gap analysis"]},{"id":"pari-000024","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/pari-000024","title":"Collective call to stop attacks on migrants","publisher":{"name":"Public Affairs Research Institute","organization":"public-affairs-research-institute"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2022-01-24","source_url":"https://pari.org.za/press-statement-collective-call-to-stop-attacks-on-migrants/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A collective of South African organisations expresses grave concern over the targeting of migrants in homes and workplaces, warning that political calls for forced removals could trigger widespread xenophobic violence similar to the 2008 events. The statement argues that migrants are used as scapegoats for systemic issues like corruption, state failure, and pandemic-exacerbated unemployment. It calls for the South African Police Services to act against vigilantism, the government to initiate a national dialogue, and the implementation of the National Action Plan to Combat Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance. The authors note that anti-migrant sentiment is a global phenomenon and highlight that climate change and political instability will necessitate a human-rights-based approach to migration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000024#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The statement warns that current calls by political parties and activists to forcefully remove migrants and conduct headcounts in businesses could lead to widespread xenophobic violence, recalling the 2008 events where 62 people were killed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000024#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors argue that blaming migrants for unemployment is a 'scapegoat' that ignores systemic corruption, state failure, and the inefficiencies of the Home Affairs Department in processing documents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000024#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The collective calls for the South African Police Services to stop the normalization of vigilantism and for the government to implement the National Action Plan to Combat Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000024#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document identifies anti-migrant sentiment as a global issue driven by right-wing racism and fascism, and asserts that climate change-induced environmental devastation will increase the need for a human-rights-led approach to migration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000024#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate migration","climate change","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Alexandra","City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality","United States","Mexico","Aegean Sea","Mediterranean Sea"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","advocacy"]},{"id":"greeneur-000334","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/greeneur-000334","title":"Zielona feministyczna polityka zagraniczna dla UE","publisher":{"name":"Green European Journal","organization":"green-european-journal"},"document_type":"statement","language":"pl","date_published":"2022-01-12","source_url":"https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/zielona-feministyczna-polityka-zagraniczna-dla-ue/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document advocates for a 'green feminist foreign policy' for the EU that moves beyond basic gender equality to an intersectional approach. It criticizes the current male-dominated culture of the European External Action Service (EEAS) and the limitations of the Gender Action Plan III (GAP III). The author proposes systemic changes, including mandatory training, gender-responsive budgeting, and the inclusion of marginalized groups in climate and security decision-making, citing Sweden's pioneering model as a reference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"greeneur-000334#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A green feminist foreign policy differs from standard feminist foreign policy by recognizing gender as a social construct and applying an intersectional lens to global challenges like climate change and conflict, aiming for equality for all people and genders, not just privileged women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"greeneur-000334#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The European External Action Service (EEAS) exhibits a significant gender imbalance in its leadership, with men holding nearly 80% of senior positions and approximately 70% of middle-management roles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"greeneur-000334#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While the EU has established frameworks like the Gender Action Plan III (GAP III), the author argues they are insufficient for structural change due to binary language, a lack of gender-responsive budgeting, and inconsistent application of intersectionality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"greeneur-000334#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sweden is identified as a global pioneer in this field, having announced a feminist foreign policy in 2014 and allocating 90% of its development aid to gender equality goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"greeneur-000334#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The author proposes specific practical measures for the EU, including mandatory staff training, zero-tolerance policies for sexual harassment, binding gender chapters in trade agreements, and the inclusion of LGBTQI+ rights in foreign policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"greeneur-000334#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document highlights a growing global and internal backlash against gender equality and LGBTQI+ rights, evidenced by opposition to the Istanbul Convention and difficulties in passing UN resolutions on women, peace, and security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"greeneur-000334#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","intersectionality","climate change","human rights","trade policy"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden","Mexico","Luxembourg","Spain","Cyprus","France","Canada","Malaysia","Germany","Kosovo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","advocacy"]},{"id":"iisd-001675","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001675","title":"Investment Dispute Prevention and Management Agencies","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-01","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-10/investment-dispute-prevention-management-agencies-policy-discussion.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes Investment Dispute Prevention and Management Agencies (DPMAs), which are government bodies designed to prevent or manage investor-state disputes. It critiques the assumptions of international institutions—such as the World Bank and UNCTAD—that promote DPMAs, arguing that these bodies often overlook the tension between public interests and investor rights. The authors propose a four-part typology (Aftercare, Treaty Compliance, Litigation Management, and Administrative Review) and provide case studies from seven countries, including South Korea, Brazil, and Peru, to illustrate how these agencies function in practice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"International institutions often promote DPMAs based on the questionable assumption that all foreign direct investment (FDI) automatically benefits development, ignoring that some projects may cause environmental degradation or be linked to corruption.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a prevailing but contested assumption in DPMAs' promotion that investment treaties and investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) are necessary to attract foreign investment, which leads policymakers to ignore alternatives like treaty reform or the use of domestic courts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many international institutions assume investment disputes stem from government incompetence or coordination failures, whereas evidence suggests many disputes arise from fundamental tensions between investor interests and public interests, such as health, environment, or resource distribution.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"DPMAs may pose risks to public interest because they can be empowered to override specialized agencies (e.g., tax or environment) and may be vulnerable to 'capture' by investors or corruption due to a lack of bureaucratic accountability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report establishes a typology of DPMAs based on when they intervene and their operational logic: Aftercare Agencies (interest-based, pre-legal), Treaty Compliance Agencies (legal-based, systemic prevention), Litigation Management Agencies (legal-based, managing formal claims), and Administrative Review Agencies (domestic law-based).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"South Korea's Office of the Foreign Investment Ombudsman (OFIO) serves as a primary example of an aftercare agency, focusing on removing practical barriers and providing 'home doctors' to investors rather than managing legal risks of ISDS.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Brazil's Direct Investments Ombudsman (DIO) is an aftercare-focused agency established under its Cooperation and Facilitation Investment Agreement (CFIA) program, which avoids providing advance consent to ISDS.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Peru's Coordination and Response System for International Investment Disputes (SICRECI) is a hybrid model that functions as both a treaty compliance agency and a litigation management agency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Colombia's high-level government body (HLGB) focuses on litigation management and raising official awareness of treaty obligations to prevent involuntary violations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Myanmar's Investment Assistance Committee (IAC) combines aftercare and administrative review, evaluating grievances based on domestic law, though it lacks the power to compel other agencies to comply with its recommendations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001675#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["environmental regulation"],"geography_discussed":["Brazil","Colombia","Costa Rica","Dominican Republic","Myanmar","South Korea","Peru","Algeria","Egypt","Georgia","Mexico","Kazakhstan","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","institutional typology","case study"]},{"id":"transfor-000045","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/transfor-000045","title":"Recuperación justa y resiliente en América Latina para enfrentar el cambio climático","publisher":{"name":"Transforma","organization":"transforma"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"es","date_published":"2022-01","source_url":"https://transforma.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/BRIEF-ALAS-26_01_2022.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The policy brief argues that most recovery packages in Latin America and the Caribbean are 'inertial' and environmentally negative, prioritizing short-term economic growth over long-term climate sustainability. It highlights a significant gap between national climate commitments (NDCs) and actual recovery spending, noting a trend toward fossil fuel subsidies and increased deforestation. The document recommends integrating social justice, gender equity, and systemic resilience into recovery plans, while urging governments to adopt green taxonomies and align financial incentives with the 1.5°C goal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000045#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Many Latin American and Caribbean countries have implemented recovery measures that are environmentally harmful, including the extension of fossil fuel concessions and investments in non-resilient infrastructure. Between the start of the pandemic and May 2021, nine countries—Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Panama, Bahamas, Peru, Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, and Haiti—invested $4.1 billion in policies promoting fossil fuels, with 83% of these funds supporting short-term liquidity for fossil-fuel-consuming industries and transport.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000045#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mexico has emerged as a major subsidizer of fossil fuels, ranking as the second-highest G20 country in this regard since 2019, with $17 billion allocated to oil and gas subsidies. Additionally, Mexico's recovery packages included nearly $3.3 billion in environmentally negative policies, accounting for 76% of such investments in the region due to spending on traditional fossil energy infrastructure and coke and ethane units.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000045#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Deforestation increased significantly during the pandemic in Colombia and Mexico. In Colombia, deforestation rose by 83% in 2020 compared to 2019, an increase of 29,000 hectares, driven by illegal logging and cattle ranching. In Mexico, Global Forest Watch estimated a loss of 68,423 hectares, attributed to reduced environmental protection measures in the rush for economic recovery.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000045#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a stark disparity between the recovery spending of Latin American and Caribbean countries compared to advanced economies. As of May 2021, the region spent approximately $490 per person on reactivation, compared to $12,700 in advanced economies. Furthermore, climate spending in the region represents only 1% of total spending and 6.9% of recovery spending, far below the global averages of 4.7% and 27%, respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000045#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Recovery measures in the region are largely 'inertial' and fail to align with Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). While energy and agriculture are priorities in both NDCs and recovery packages, recovery spending in energy often focuses on strengthening the existing electrical grid and supporting fossil infrastructure rather than transitioning to a clean energy matrix. In sectors like waste management, which are prioritized in 15 countries' NDCs, recovery investment has been minimal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000045#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The pandemic exacerbated social and gender inequalities, with recovery plans failing to incorporate social justice or human capital creation. In 2020, 52% of jobs lost during the pandemic were held by women, leading to a decline in female labor participation that represents a regression of approximately 18 years, returning to 2002 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000045#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Several countries in the region are developing 'green taxonomies' to classify environmentally friendly activities and attract sustainable capital. Progress includes a Sustainable Finance Roadmap in Argentina, a Green Taxonomy Roadmap in Chile, a National Green Taxonomy and Explanatory Guide in Brazil, a public consultation for Phase 1 in Colombia, an action plan in the Dominican Republic, and a proposal for development in Mexico.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000045#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","Nationally Determined Contributions","fossil fuel subsidy","deforestation","energy transition","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","nature-based solutions","climate bond","carbon neutrality","climate justice","green infrastructure"],"geography_discussed":["Mexico","Colombia","Brazil","Argentina","Panama","The Bahamas","Peru","Antigua and Barbuda","Bolivia","Haiti","Dominican Republic","Chile"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy evaluation","economic analysis"]},{"id":"commyale-000264","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000264","title":"international public opinion on climate change 2022","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/app/uploads/2023/07/international-public-opinion-on-climate-change-2022b.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report presents survey data from 108,946 Facebook users worldwide, revealing high global levels of worry and belief that climate change is happening, though perceptions of its causes and the responsibility for action vary significantly by region. While there is widespread support for renewable energy and the belief that climate action will not harm economic growth, willingness to engage in organized climate activism remains low in most regions, with a notable exception in Sub-Saharan Africa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000264#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"While a vast majority of respondents globally believe climate change is occurring, knowledge levels and beliefs about its causes vary. Respondents in Finland (92%) and Hungary (90%) are most likely to report knowing a moderate to large amount, whereas those in Benin (34%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, and Haiti (all 32%) are most likely to have never heard of it. Regarding causality, majorities in 108 of 110 areas believe human activities are at least partially responsible, but only 26 areas have a majority who believe it is mostly caused by humans, with the highest agreement in Spain (65%), Sweden (61%), and Taiwan (60%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000264#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Worry about climate change is widespread, with majorities in 108 of 110 areas expressing concern. The highest levels of worry are found in Mexico (95%), Portugal (93%), and Chile (93%), while the lowest are in Yemen (32%) and Jordan (48%). Most respondents (76 of 110 areas) believe climate change will harm future generations 'a great deal,' but far fewer (17 of 110 areas) believe it will harm them personally 'a great deal,' with the highest personal risk perceived in Malawi (62%) and Chile (61%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000264#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Perceptions of responsibility for reducing climate pollution are split across three main entities. In 42 areas, the government is seen as most responsible (e.g., Romania, Uzbekistan, and Lebanon at 50%); in another 42 areas, individual people are seen as most responsible (e.g., El Salvador at 52%); and in 25 areas, businesses are viewed as most responsible (e.g., Germany and Mexico at 43%). Despite these differences, 104 of 110 areas believe climate change should be a high or very high government priority.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000264#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong global support for the economic viability of climate action and the transition to renewable energy. Majorities in 109 of 110 areas believe that reducing climate change will either improve economic growth and jobs or have no effect. Additionally, 109 of 110 areas support increasing the use of renewable energy, with the highest support in Hungary (91%), Portugal (89%), and Spain (89%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000264#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Support for reducing fossil fuel use is less uniform than support for renewables. Majorities in 41 of 110 areas support decreasing fossil fuel use, led by Denmark (79%), the UK (72%), and Sweden (72%). Conversely, 13 areas have majorities who believe their country should increase fossil fuel use, including Ghana (58%) and Mozambique (57%), although these same populations also support increasing renewable energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000264#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Willingness to join organized climate activism is generally low, with majorities in only 20 of 108 surveyed areas expressing a definite willingness to join such groups. This trend is most pronounced in Sub-Saharan Africa, where majorities in 12 of 17 areas would join, including Zambia (75%) and Malawi (74%). In contrast, no surveyed areas in Europe, North America, or South America had a majority willing to join an organized group.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000264#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["renewable energy","fossil fuel","economic growth","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["Europe","sub-Saharan Africa","South America","Southwest Asia and North Africa","North America","Finland","Hungary","Benin","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Nigeria","Haiti","Spain","Sweden","Taiwan","Indonesia","Yemen","Germany","Algeria","Cambodia","Mexico","Portugal","Chile","Jordan","Puerto Rico","Costa Rica","Malawi","Czech Republic","Norway","Angola","Zambia","Sri Lanka","Romania","Uzbekistan","Lebanon","El Salvador","Panama","Australia","Bangladesh","Brazil","Japan","Mozambique","Ghana","Netherlands"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"costratri-000181","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000181","title":"U.S. GOVERNMENT GLOBAL WATER STRATEGY 2022-2027","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/29.-US-Global-Water-Strategy-2022.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The U.S. Government Global Water Strategy 2022-2027 establishes a whole-of-government approach to achieve a water-secure world. It prioritizes four strategic objectives: strengthening sector governance and financing, increasing equitable access to climate-resilient water and sanitation services, improving the conservation of freshwater resources, and reducing water-related conflict. The strategy emphasizes local leadership, the needs of marginalized populations, and the integration of climate resilience. Implementation is coordinated through the Interagency Water Working Group (IWWG) and focuses on High-Priority Countries (HPCs) identified by a data-driven needs and opportunity index. Specific agency plans from USAID, the Department of State, CDC, and others detail how they will leverage technical expertise, diplomatic engagement, and financial tools to meet these goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The U.S. government has identified four interconnected strategic objectives for the 2022-2027 period: strengthening sector governance, financing, institutions, and markets; increasing equitable access to safe, sustainable, and climate-resilient water and sanitation services; improving climate-resilient conservation and management of freshwater resources; and anticipating and reducing water-related conflict and fragility.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"USAID has set specific targets for the 2022-2027 period, including providing 22 million people with sustainable drinking water services and 22 million people with sustainable sanitation services, and mobilizing $1 billion in financing for water security and resilient watersheds beyond direct investments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The strategy prioritizes a shift from providing quick infrastructure fixes to building self-sustaining systems, emphasizing local leadership and the capacity of local actors to ensure investments are durable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is identified as a primary driver of water insecurity, increasing the frequency of extreme events like floods and droughts, which the strategy addresses through nature-based solutions and climate change adaptation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The U.S. government identifies High-Priority Countries (HPCs) using a four-step analytical process involving a WASH Needs Index, an Opportunity Score, programmatic considerations, and the presence of a bilateral USAID mission.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The strategy explicitly targets marginalized and underserved populations, including women, girls, Indigenous Peoples, and LGBTQI+ individuals, to reduce inequalities in water access and resource allocation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Department of State uses diplomatic tools to raise the profile of water and sanitation in national development plans and promotes the peaceful resolution of disputes over shared waters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The CDC focuses on the intersection of water and public health, specifically targeting waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis E, and strengthening WASH in healthcare facilities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"NASA provides critical global monitoring and modeling of the hydrological system through satellite observations, such as the GRACE mission for groundwater and the SWOT mission for surface water.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The DFC aims to commit $500 million in water sector financing by the end of 2025, utilizing tools like blue bonds and debt-for-nature swaps to mobilize private capital for water infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) serves as an executing agent providing technical expertise in water resources planning, dam safety, and river basin modeling to other agencies and foreign governments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The International Trade Administration (ITA) supports the GWS by helping U.S. water and wastewater treatment companies export technologies and services to emerging markets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The strategy recognizes that water insecurity can exacerbate state fragility and the risk of state failure, particularly in shared water bodies where no cooperative agreements exist.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000181#insight-13","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water security","climate change adaptation","nature-based solutions","greenhouse gas emissions","water management","Flood risk management"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Cambodia","Kenya","Mozambique","Nepal","Philippines","Senegal","South Africa","Zambia","Vietnam","India","Jordan","Cape Verde","Mongolia","Timor-Leste","Niger","Lesotho","Brazil","Canada","Mexico","Algeria","Belize","Uzbekistan","Ghana","Israel"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy framework","strategic plan"]},{"id":"earjust-002545","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/earjust-002545","title":"Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax","publisher":{"name":"Earthjustice","organization":"earthjustice"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://earthjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/earthjustice-form990-fy23.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Earthjustice, a nonprofit public interest environmental law organization, reported total revenue of $125,960,142 and total expenses of $148,016,730 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023. The organization focuses on protecting health, preserving ecosystems, and combating climate change through legal representation and public awareness. Key financial activities include $117,451,493 in contributions and grants, and $118,249,374 in total program service expenses. Earthjustice also engaged in lobbying activities, spending $1.9 million to influence legislation, regulations, and nominations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002545#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, the organization reported total revenue of $125,960,142 and total expenses of $148,016,730, resulting in a revenue loss of $22,056,588.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002545#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization's total revenue was primarily driven by contributions and grants, which totaled $117,451,493.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002545#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Earthjustice's program service accomplishments are divided into three main goals: fighting for healthy communities, preserving the wild, and advancing clean energy and a healthy climate.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002545#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization spent $118,249,374 on program service expenses, with the largest portion dedicated to providing free legal representation through the courts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002545#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization's total assets at the end of the year were $294,773,000, with total liabilities of $56,448,684.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002545#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Earthjustice provided grants to several domestic and foreign organizations, including $113,600 to support clean energy in Australia and $60,000 for clean energy in Mexico.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002545#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The organization's highest-paid employee, President Abigail Dillen, received a total reportable compensation of $518,145 from the organization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002545#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","clean energy","environmental law"],"geography_discussed":["Mexico"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["financial report","regulatory filing"]},{"id":"foei-001052","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001052","title":"GENDER JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Gender-Justice-and-Community-Forest-Management.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that the extractivist model, driven by capitalism and patriarchy, disproportionately impacts women by devaluing their care work and restricting their land tenure rights. It positions Community Forest Management (CFM) as a political tool for gender justice, emphasizing that women's specialized knowledge of biodiversity and their role in social reproduction are essential for territorial defense and food sovereignty. The framework calls for the recognition of women's land rights and active political participation to dismantle patriarchal structures and prevent the privatization of the commons.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The extractivist model, characterized by agribusiness, monoculture expansion, and mining, exacerbates violence against women and restricts their autonomy through the loss of food sovereignty, impoverishment, and institutional violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women perform the vast majority of unpaid care work globally, and the degradation of forests and biodiversity increases the burden of this work by endangering water, land, and health resources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite producing 60-80% of food in non-industrialized countries and playing a key role in conservation, only 30% of rural women worldwide own agricultural land, which limits their ability to participate in decision-making.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'masculinisation' of territories reconfigures community life around hegemonic masculinity, leading to the exclusion of women's needs, increased domestic violence, and the criminalization of women human rights defenders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women possess specialized, diversified knowledge of forest species, agrobiodiversity, and conservation practices that are critical for food security and the defense of common resources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community Forest Management (CFM) serves as a political tool to counter the privatization of territories and the commodification of nature by centering care work and the preservation of life.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extractive industry","biodiversity conservation","agroecology","land tenure","deforestation"],"geography_discussed":["Guatemala","Honduras","Nepal","Colombia","Mexico","Philippines","Brazil","Malaysia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy framework","gender analysis"]},{"id":"foei-001081","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001081","title":"LA JUSTICE DE GENRE ET LA GESTION COMMUNAUTAIRE DES FORÊTS","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/La-justice-de-genre-et-la-gestion-communautaire-des-forets.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that gender justice is inseparable from community forest management (CFM), as patriarchal and capitalist systems jointly oppress women and degrade the environment. It highlights how extractivism—including agribusiness and mining—displaces women, erodes their ancestral knowledge, and increases violence against them. The document emphasizes that women are central to CFM through their roles in care work, seed preservation, and biodiversity conservation, yet they face systemic barriers to land ownership and decision-making. It calls for the recognition of women's land rights and the valuation of their unpaid care work as fundamental steps toward social and environmental justice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001081#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The document posits that modern dichotomous thinking creates a hierarchy between humans and non-humans, rooted in structural racism and colonial logic, which leads to the devaluation of nature and harmful consequences for women and their territories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001081#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extractivist models—including agribusiness, monocultures (such as oil palm and soy), and mining—contribute to the climate crisis and biodiversity loss while specifically targeting women's bodies and territories through violence, militarization, and the loss of food sovereignty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001081#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women perform the vast majority of unpaid care work globally—over three-quarters of such activities—including childcare, elderly care, and the collection of water and firewood, yet this work remains invisible and undervalued within the dominant capitalist model.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001081#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite their central role in food production (60-80% in non-industrialized countries) and forest conservation, women face severe disparities in land ownership, with only 30% of rural women worldwide owning agricultural land.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001081#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women possess specialized and crucial knowledge of forest species, agrobiodiversity, and medicinal plants, which are essential for food security and the preservation of life, but this knowledge is often erased by 'masculinized' agricultural discourses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001081#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'masculinization' of territories, driven by extractivist industries, reorganizes local life around hegemonic masculinity, leading to increased domestic violence, human trafficking, and the criminalization of women human rights defenders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001081#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extractive industry","biodiversity conservation","agroecology","land tenure","climate crisis","deforestation"],"geography_discussed":["Colombia","Mexico","Philippines","Guatemala","Honduras","Nepal","Brazil","Malaysia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["conceptual framework","policy analysis"]},{"id":"prio-001598","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001598","title":"Nature as Patronage? Exploring The Effects of Democratization and Support Coalition Identity on Forest Loss","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/7f42acbe-ff1a-4eba-899d-7c0805fc6d55/Nature as Patronage Exploring The Effects of Democratization and Support Coalition Identity on Forest Loss.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study examines the relationship between political institutions, support coalition identity, and deforestation. Using satellite data and expert-coded regime data, the author finds that while democratization is generally associated with forest loss, this effect is moderated by the support base: democracies with rural supporters are associated with reforestation. Conversely, regimes relying on urban supporters are linked to higher-than-average forest loss globally and in the tropics, potentially reflecting the consumption demands of urbanizing populations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001598#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Democratization is generally associated with higher rates of forest loss, but this effect is heterogeneously moderated by the identity of the regime's support coalition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001598#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Democratic regimes that rely on rural supporters are associated with an average increase in forest cover globally, indicating reforestation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001598#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regimes that rely on support from urban groups are associated with higher-than-average forest loss across both global forests and tropical forests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001598#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Neither democratization nor its interaction with various support coalitions had a statistically significant effect on forest change within the tropical forest sub-sample.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001598#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regimes dominated by urban business elites are associated with higher-than-average forest loss, with some evidence suggesting a sequential effect where deforestation peaks a few years after these elites enter the coalition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001598#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Economic size (per capita GDP) is positively associated with forest regrowth globally, supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, although economic growth is associated with deforestation in tropical forests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001598#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The geographical location of the support coalition (rural vs. urban) is a less salient predictor of forest cover change than the identity of the support groups themselves.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001598#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation","reforestation","climate change","carbon sink","urbanization"],"geography_discussed":["Indonesia","Kenya","Brazil","Mexico","Morocco","Ethiopia","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative","panel data analysis","two-way fixed effects","Mahalanobis distance matching"]},{"id":"prio-001619","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001619","title":"The UN Security Council and Women’s Full, Equal and Meaningful Participation","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/dc34d77c-7f71-40a2-9448-76c4054eedc7/Obermeier and Olsson - The UN Security Council and Womens Full Equal and Meaningful Participation GPS Policy Brief 1-2022.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The brief examines gender representation among individuals invited to brief the UN Security Council between 2015 and 2021. While the period remained male-dominated overall, the proportion of male briefers fell from 77% in 2015 to 52% in 2021. Women are more frequently represented when briefing as members of civil society organizations (CSOs) or government institutions, whereas men dominate the UN system and other multilateral organizations. The authors note a positive trend in the consultation of women's CSOs, which have moved from being primarily invited to thematic Women, Peace and Security (WPS) debates to briefing on a wider array of country-specific issues, including Afghanistan, Colombia, the DRC, Libya, and Mali.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001619#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between 2015 and 2021, the UN Security Council's invited briefers were predominantly male, though the gender gap narrowed significantly over the period. Male briefers accounted for 70% of all recorded briefers, but their proportion decreased from 77% in 2015 to 52% in 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001619#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a distinct gender divide based on the organizational affiliation of the briefers. Men primarily represent the UN system and other multilateral organizations, while women are more frequently found representing government institutions and civil society organizations (CSOs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001619#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The UN system is the most dominant source of briefers, accounting for 63% of all individuals. Within this group, there is a strong male imbalance, with 78% being men and 22% being women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001619#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women's CSOs have seen an increase in both the frequency of their invitations and the diversity of the topics they address. In 2015, women's CSOs were invited to brief five times, mostly for WPS meetings; by 2021, they were invited 16 times, covering 12 different topics including 10 country-specific meetings such as Afghanistan, Colombia, the DRC, Libya, and Mali.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001619#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The representation of women varies significantly by meeting topic. Women were consulted more frequently than men on eight specific topics, including Haiti, the Middle East, and Women, Peace and Security (WPS)—the latter of which had no male briefers. Conversely, men dominated deliberations on Sanctions, Mali, and Israel/Palestine.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001619#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality"],"geography_discussed":["Afghanistan","Iraq","Somalia","Ireland","Kenya","Mexico","Norway","South Africa","Spain","Sweden","Colombia","South Sudan","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Libya","Mali"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","policy assessment"]},{"id":"prio-001631","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001631","title":"Conflict Trends: A Global Overview, 1946–2021","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/988284ec-ec0d-4d9b-ba30-006b223ce98e/Palik et al - Conflict Trends A Global Overview 1946-2021 PRIO Paper 2022.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes global conflict dynamics, noting that state-based conflicts reached historic highs in 2019 and 2020. It highlights the significant role of the Islamic State (IS) in driving conflict numbers and the rise of non-state conflicts, particularly in the Americas and Africa. The document also tracks the declining success rates of non-violent resistance campaigns and the prevalence of conflict-related sexual violence, which is most frequently recorded in Africa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001631#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"State-based conflicts reached record highs in 2019 and 2020, with 56 conflicts recorded in each year. In 2021, 54 state-based conflicts were recorded across 35 countries, resulting in nearly 85,000 battle-related deaths.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001631#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The conflict in Yemen saw a massive escalation in fatalities, with battle-related deaths increasing from 2,300 in 2020 to more than 23,000 in 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001631#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The expansion of the Islamic State (IS) has been a primary driver of the increase in state-based conflicts. In 2021, there were 15 conflicts involving IS, and between 2015 and 2021, IS-related conflicts represented 26% to 33% of all conflicts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001631#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-state conflicts have stabilized at higher levels than before 2012. In 2021, 76 non-state conflicts were recorded, resulting in 25,247 battle-related deaths, an increase of over 2,000 from the previous year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001631#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-state conflict in the Americas is primarily characterized by fighting between highly organized actors, specifically drug cartel violence in Mexico, whereas non-state conflict in Africa features a higher number of communal conflicts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001631#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"One-sided violence fatalities increased from 8,596 in 2020 to 10,003 in 2021. While non-state actors commit the largest share of this violence, there has been an increase in government-perpetrated one-sided violence since 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001631#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-violent resistance campaigns were more prevalent than violent ones between 1989 and 2019, but their success rate has declined since 2010. In the last decade, six of ten years saw failure rates of 60% or higher.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001631#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is most frequently recorded in Africa, where 18% of all active conflict-actor-years between 1989 and 2019 experienced it. State actors are the most frequent perpetrators, responsible for more than half of all reported 'massive' levels of sexual violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001631#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Afghanistan","Yemen","Syria","Ethiopia","Mexico","Africa","Asia","Middle East","Americas","Europe","Tanzania"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","trend analysis","regional comparison"]},{"id":"seforall-000236","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/seforall-000236","title":"Cooling for human comfort and safety","publisher":{"name":"Sustainable Energy for All","organization":"sustainable-energy-for-all"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.seforall.org/chilling-prospects-2022/human-comfort-and-safety","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report highlights the escalating risks of extreme heat on human health and productivity, noting that 356,000 people died from extreme heat in 2019. It argues that while cooling demand is expected to soar—with space-cooling units potentially reaching 2.5 billion by 2030—this must be managed through sustainable solutions to avoid tripling global electricity demand by 2050. The text advocates for a mix of passive cooling, nature-based solutions, and energy-efficient active cooling, supported by policies like Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and the appointment of Chief Heat Officers in cities such as Athens and Miami Dade County.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000236#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Extreme heat poses a severe and growing threat to human life, with 356,000 deaths recorded in 2019. Future risks are projected to escalate significantly; at 4°C of warming, the number of people exposed to heat waves could increase 36 times.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000236#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Heat stress significantly impairs economic productivity. In 2020, 295 billion potential work hours were lost globally, with losses in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan being two-and-a-half to three times higher than the global average. By 2030, the world may lose the equivalent of 80 million full-time jobs due to heat stress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000236#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High temperatures negatively impact educational outcomes, as students score lower in heat. While WHO recommends 19°C for productive learning, passive solutions can help; for example, a cool roof in rural India reduced peak classroom temperatures by 5°C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000236#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Urban populations are increasingly vulnerable to heat, particularly in South and Southeast Asia, where 1.1 billion dwellers could face heat waves lasting over 30 days a year by 2080. In Africa, urban exposure to extreme heat could increase more than 20 times by the 2060s, especially in West Africa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000236#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global demand for space-cooling is projected to grow, with total ownership of units like ceiling fans reaching 2.5 billion by 2030. However, this growth threatens net-zero goals, as cooling already uses 17 percent of global electricity and could triple its demand by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000236#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sustainable cooling requires a combination of passive, nature-based, and active solutions. Nature-based solutions are currently underfunded, receiving less than 0.3 percent of city infrastructure budgets. Active cooling efficiency can be improved via Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS), with the most efficient air conditioners being 30 percent more efficient than market averages.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000236#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The adoption of climate-friendly refrigerants and energy-efficient cooling could prevent a global average temperature increase of approximately 0.4°C by the end of the century.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000236#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extreme heat","heat stress","energy efficiency","passive cooling","nature-based solutions","air conditioning","refrigerant","urban heat island","climate change adaptation","electric energy consumption"],"geography_discussed":["Africa","South Asia","Bangladesh","India","Pakistan","Southeast Asia","Buenos Aires","Rio de Janeiro","São Paulo","Brazil","Mexico","Hyderabad","Athens","Greece","Freetown","Sierra Leone","Santiago","Chile","Miami-Dade County","United States","Nigeria","Sudan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","policy review"]},{"id":"sei-002788","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002788","title":"Charting a youth vision for a just and sustainable future","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/stockholm50-youthreport-10.51414-sei2022.010.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report presents a vision for a healthy planet based on solidarity, equality, and living within planetary boundaries. It argues that current economic metrics like GDP fuel environmental degradation and calls for a shift toward health and well-being. Based on a survey of over 900 youth from 89 countries, it highlights widespread climate anxiety and a perceived lack of youth agency in global governance. The authors propose specific policy pathways, including a Global Resilience Mechanism for social security, inclusive disaster risk reduction, and a rapid low-carbon transition. It emphasizes the need to move beyond tokenistic youth representation toward meaningful decision-making power and comprehensive climate education.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Youth experience significant psychological distress due to the climate crisis; over half of the survey respondents reported feeling anxiety, and nearly 20% feel powerless.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Children born in 2020 face drastically higher lifetime exposure to extreme weather events compared to those born in 1960, including 6.8 times more heatwaves, 2.8 times more river floods, 2.6 times more droughts, and twice as many wildfires.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The youth vision advocates for replacing GDP with metrics focused on health, education, and community well-being to assess national prosperity, arguing that economic growth as the sole metric drives environmental degradation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To restore the relationship with nature by 2030, the report calls for a world without biodiversity offsets, limiting global temperature rise to under 1.5°C, and ensuring growth remains within planetary boundaries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that global crises require collective cooperation and that delays in action are costly; the report suggests applying these lessons to the climate crisis by treating it as an existential threat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report proposes a 'Global Resilience Mechanism' consisting of a Global Safety Net and a Global Social Security Fund to support vulnerable populations during shocks caused by climate change, disease, or conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Youth representation in global climate governance is viewed as tokenistic; 57% of survey respondents feel youth are inadequately represented, with higher levels of perceived inadequacy among youth from non-Annex I countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical gap in climate literacy due to rigid curricula and lack of teacher training; the report calls for mandatory climate education with civic engagement components across all educational levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Youth are increasingly using climate litigation to hold governments and corporations accountable, with cases filed in over 28 countries, often led by young plaintiffs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002788#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","planetary boundary","biodiversity loss","energy transition","climate finance","climate change litigation","climate education","disaster risk reduction","nature-based solutions","intergenerational equity","circular economy","loss and damage"],"geography_discussed":["Bhutan","New Zealand","India","Italy","Mexico","United States","Sweden","Colombia","Kenya","Philippines","Germany","Wales"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","survey","visioning"]},{"id":"wwf-000231","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000231","title":"SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COASTAL TOURISM","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/652/1jveun4bk1_Oceans_Markets_Coastal_Development.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"WWF aims to leverage the coastal tourism sector's dependency on nature to drive sustainable development and blue economic growth. The strategy combines a global science-based roadmap, based on the Nature Positive Framework for Oceans, with place-based conservation in the Western and Eastern Pacific Seascapes. Key actions include supporting marine protected areas through innovative finance, improving local seafood sourcing, and collaborating with Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities, financial institutions, and industry associations to integrate ESG criteria and science-based targets into the sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000231#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The coastal tourism sector is a major economic driver for coastal communities globally, particularly for small island developing states, with approximately 80% of the value of its goods and services depending on nature.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000231#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"WWF's global strategy utilizes a Nature Positive Framework for Oceans to create science-based recommendations and a roadmap for stakeholders to mitigate environmental impacts and restore nature.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000231#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"WWF focuses its place-based efforts on the Western Pacific (Fiji and Indonesia) and Eastern Pacific (Ecuador, Columbia, Mexico, Peru, and Chile) Seascapes, where nature-based tourism is a critical economic sector dependent on healthy ecosystems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000231#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The strategic approach includes specific interventions such as innovative finance for marine and coastal protected areas, improvements in local seafood sourcing and traceability for small-scale fisheries, and the support of marine corridors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000231#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To drive systems change, WWF collaborates with Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs), engages companies via the Science Based Target for Nature’s Ocean Hub, and works with financial institutions to embed ESG criteria into hospitality sector policies and capital allocation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000231#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["blue economy","sustainable development","environmental, social and corporate governance"],"geography_discussed":["Fiji","Indonesia","Ecuador","Columbia","Mexico","Peru","Chile"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["strategic framework","policy approach"]},{"id":"wwf-000571","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000571","title":"PROTECTING BLUE CORRIDORS","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/684/5dcmm9jsc3_WWF_Protecting_Blue_Corridors_report_Feb2022.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that whales are sentinel species for ocean health and critical for climate regulation, but face imminent extinction risks from cumulative threats. It advocates for 'connectivity conservation' through the establishment of blue corridors and networks of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to safeguard migratory routes across national and international waters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Whales contribute to global climate regulation by capturing carbon and fertilizing the ocean with excrement, which fuels phytoplankton that produce more than half of the world's oxygen.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The extinction risk for cetaceans is described as \"real and imminent,\" with one-third of the world's cetaceans classified by the IUCN as Threatened and six of the 13 great whale species listed as Endangered or Vulnerable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fisheries bycatch, specifically entanglement in fishing gear and ghost nets, is the most significant global threat to the survival of cetacean populations, with an estimated 300,000 cetaceans killed annually.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Shipping traffic is a leading cause of human-induced mortality for several whale populations due to vessel strikes and underwater noise pollution, which can disrupt communication and feeding behavior.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is altering the distribution and abundance of prey, such as Antarctic krill, and shifting the timing of biological events like migration, which may impose high energetic costs on whales.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The North Atlantic right whale is Critically Endangered, with a population of approximately 336 individuals as of 2020, and may face extinction in less than 30 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Bering Strait, shipping traffic has nearly doubled between 2009 and 2019, increasing the risk of oil spills, ship strikes, and noise pollution in a key migratory corridor.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea humpback whale is critically endangered with fewer than 250 mature animals, and over 60% of photo-identified individuals off Oman show scars from fishing gear entanglement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Mediterranean Sea is one of the world's busiest seas, hosting 20% of seaborne trade, which leads to high ship strike rates, particularly in the Pelagos Sanctuary where the rate is 3.25 times higher than elsewhere in the region.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report advocates for the '30x30' goal: protecting 30% of the global ocean by 2030 through networks of MPAs and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000571#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","carbon sequestration","ocean acidification","nature-based solutions"],"geography_discussed":["Bering Strait","Hawaii","United States","Mexico","Chile","Peru","Panama","Costa Rica","Ecuador","Colombia","Southern Ocean","Indian Ocean","Oman","Sri Lanka","Mediterranean Sea","Greece","Argentina","Brazil","Canada"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["threat assessment","policy recommendation","spatial analysis"]}]}