{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Marereni"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Marereni","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"natjust-000087","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/natjust-000087","title":"The Unwavering Faith of Bora Imani: Lessons from Environmental Injustices","publisher":{"name":"Natural Justice","organization":"natural-justice"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2023-06-19","source_url":"https://naturaljustice.org/the-unwavering-faith-of-bora-imani-lessons-from-environmental-injustices/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details how quarrying by H-Young for the Malindi-Lamu road project in Kilifi County, Kenya, exacerbated water scarcity and health risks for the Bora Imani community, despite promises of poverty alleviation. While interventions by Natural Justice led to temporary remedies from NEMA and the Public Health Office, the company's eventual decommissioning of the site in February 2023 left the community struggling with water scarcity. The case emphasizes the need for sustainable environmental remedies, robust decommissioning plans, and climate-sensitive Environmental Impact Assessments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000087#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Quarrying activities by H-Young in the ADU ward of Magarini Sub County caused significant environmental and health harms, including the destruction of the community's main water pan through the accumulation of \"sand and debris\", and the contamination of remaining water sources due to a lack of sanitary facilities, which led to \"cases of cholera\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000087#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Bora Imani community faced compounded vulnerabilities due to the intersection of industrial activity and climate-related shocks, specifically severe drought conditions in Kilifi County between 2016 and 2017 that left the area prone to \"food insecurity, water shortages, and other climate-related shocks\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000087#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Administrative interventions by the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) and the Public Health Office provided only temporary relief, such as a water bowser truck delivered \"every Tuesday and Thursday\", which became unreliable during the COVID-19 pandemic and ceased entirely after H-Young decommissioned the quarry in February 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000087#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The case highlights four systemic lessons for future projects: the importance of community awareness of legal rights, the need for sustainable remedies that do not rely solely on the project proponent, the requirement for proper restoration plans during decommissioning to address \"open pits, fencing, and aesthetic degradation\", and the need for Environmental Impact Assessments to better incorporate \"adaptive and mitigative measures to combat climate change’s effects\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000087#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["environmental justice","water scarcity","drought","environmental impact assessment","mining","climate change adaptation"],"geography_discussed":["Magarini Sub County","Marereni"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"natjust-000272","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/natjust-000272","title":"SUBMISSION OF COMMENTS TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED SALT WORKS IN A SECTION OF LAND PARCEL L.R. NO. 13536, MARERENI, KILIFI COUNTY","publisher":{"name":"Natural Justice","organization":"natural-justice"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2018-11-27","source_url":"https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/NEMA_Al-Sherman_Submissions-to-the-Proposed-EIA_2018-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Natural Justice submitted comments to the National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) on November 27, 2018, challenging the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for a proposed salt works project by Al-Sherman Limited in Kilifi County. The submission argues that the EIA fails to adequately address risks to water sources, climate change impacts, local ecosystems, and community livelihoods, while also citing failures in the public participation process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000272#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The EIA fails to provide sufficient detail on the protection of critical water sources, including four ephemeral streams and forty-nine underground wells. Natural Justice argues that the project's land requirements—estimated to exceed 800 hectares—leave insufficient space for these water points and community access, making the proponent's claim that they will not block streams or encroach on wells unrealistic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000272#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The project poses a risk of salinizing fresh ground and surface water through underground leaching and the discharge of hyper-saline water. The submission notes that the EIA does not specify the 'impermeable material' proposed for brine ponds or provide quantitative projections for the increased fresh water demand during the operational phase.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000272#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The EIA completely omits an assessment of climate change impacts. Natural Justice highlights that the project will contribute to greenhouse gas emissions through the use of diesel and the clearing of vegetation on 753.8 hectares of land, which reduces carbon sequestration capacity. This is particularly critical as coastal East Africa is highly susceptible to rising temperatures and water stress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000272#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"There is a lack of adequate information regarding the project's impact on the bordering mangrove swamps and local wildlife, such as hippopotamuses, cranes, buffalo, and dik-dik. Specifically, the EIA does not detail the impact of extracting 45,000 litres of water per minute from a creek, nor does it provide a comprehensive waste disposal plan for human waste.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000272#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The project threatens local community livelihoods by potentially displacing residents and blocking access to beaches and fish landing sites. Natural Justice criticizes the proponent's plan to identify access routes only after receiving a license, and notes that the EIA does not address dust pollution from dykes, which has previously led to NEMA stop-orders for other salt companies like Krystalline Marereni.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000272#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The EIA fails to consider the cumulative environmental impact of the proposed works alongside six other existing salt works in the Magarini salt belt, including Kensalt Limited and Kurawa Industries Limited. These existing projects have a history of diverting rivers, destroying mangroves, and causing water shortages.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000272#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The public participation process was inadequate and discriminatory. The proponent failed to publish notices in the Kenya Gazette, did not engage community members living upstream or downstream (such as those in Kamale and Mto wa Mbono), and relied on questionnaires that likely excluded non-literate stakeholders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000272#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","greenhouse gas emissions","carbon sequestration","water scarcity","coastal vulnerability"],"geography_discussed":["Kamale","Mto wa Mbono"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["Environmental Impact Assessment Critique","Policy Submission"]},{"id":"natjust-000273","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/natjust-000273","title":"SUBMISSION OF COMMENTS TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED SALT WORKS IN A SECTION OF LAND PARCEL L.R. NO. 13536, MARERENI, KILIFI COUNTY","publisher":{"name":"Natural Justice","organization":"natural-justice"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2018-11-27","source_url":"https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/NEMA_Al-Sherman_Submissions-to-the-Proposed-EIA_2018.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Natural Justice submitted comments to the National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) on November 27, 2018, challenging the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for proposed salt works by Al-Sherman Limited in Marereni, Kilifi County. The organization argues that the EIA fails to adequately address risks to water sources, climate change impacts, local ecosystems, and community livelihoods, while also citing deficiencies in the public participation process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000273#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The EIA fails to provide sufficient information on how the project will protect critical water sources, including four ephemeral streams and forty-nine underground wells. Natural Justice argues that the project's scale—requiring over 800 hectares for components like 17 evaporators and 20 crystallisers—makes it unlikely that these water sources can be preserved, especially since the EIA does not map their exact locations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000273#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"There is a significant risk of salinization of fresh ground and surface water due to the potential discharge of hyper-saline water and underground leaching. The document notes that the EIA mentions using \"impermeable material\" in brine ponds but does not specify what that material is or how it will prevent contamination.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000273#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The project is expected to increase the demand for fresh water, which is already a scarce resource in the area. Natural Justice claims the EIA provides no qualitative or quantitative projections for this increased demand and offers inadequate mitigation measures, failing to identify alternative water sources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000273#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The EIA completely omits an assessment of climate change impacts. Natural Justice highlights that the project will contribute to greenhouse gas emissions through the use of diesel for machinery and the clearing of vegetation on 753.8 hectares of land, which removes carbon sinks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000273#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The project's proximity to mangrove swamps and wetlands is not sufficiently detailed, posing a risk to species such as shrimps, crabs, hippopotamus, and cranes. The document notes a \"fatal flaw\" in the EIA's failure to describe the impact of extracting 45,000 litres of water per minute from a creek.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000273#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The project may negatively impact the local community through the displacement of residents, blockage of beach access routes, and dust pollution. Natural Justice points out that the proponent intends to document access routes only after receiving a license, which they deem inadequate.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000273#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The EIA fails to consider the cumulative environmental impact of the proposed works alongside six other existing salt works in the Magarini salt belt, such as Krystalline Salt Limited and KenSalt Limited, which have histories of river diversion and mangrove destruction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000273#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The public participation process was allegedly inadequate and discriminatory. Natural Justice claims the proponent failed to notify the public via the Kenya Gazette, relied on questionnaires that favored literate stakeholders, and failed to engage community members living upstream and downstream of the affected streams.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000273#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","greenhouse gas emissions","carbon sequestration","water scarcity","sea level rise"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental impact assessment critique","community submission"]}]}