{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Maranhão"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":62,"relation":"eq"},"page":4,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Maranh%C3%A3o&page=4","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"glowit-000048","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000048","title":"Slash and sell","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/slash-and-sell/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report alleges that Brookfield Asset Management oversaw the deforestation of approximately 9,000 hectares of the Brazilian Cerrado between 2012 and 2021 across eight farms, subsequently selling these assets in a 'slash and sell' strategy. It further details a case where a Brookfield-controlled firm was fined R$800,000 for slave labour offences at Fazenda Colorado and an attempt to evict the Kayabí Indigenous community from ancestral lands in the Amazon via the company Agropecuaria Vale do Ximari. The document highlights a contradiction between these actions and the public roles of Brookfield Chair Mark Carney, a co-founder of the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ), and the firm's ESG policies. It argues that voluntary initiatives like GFANZ are insufficient and calls for mandatory government legislation on environmental and human rights due diligence for the financial sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Brookfield Asset Management is linked to the deforestation of approximately 9,000 hectares of tropical savannah in the Brazilian Cerrado between 2012 and 2021 across eight farms: Horizontina Norte, Horizontina Leste, Nebraska, San Diego, Nazare, Alvorada, Colorado, and Onça Branca.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies a 'slash and sell' pattern where Brookfield cleared forest land for crops and then sold the properties in 2021, potentially profiting from commodity sales, financial instruments, and asset price fluctuations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Deforestation on Brookfield's farms is estimated to have released 600,000 tonnes of CO2 over a nine-year period ending in June 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A firm controlled by Brookfield, Brookfield Brasil Participacoes (BBP), was fined R$800,000 ($163,000) in December 2021 for slave labour offences occurring at Fazenda Colorado in 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Brookfield Brazil owned Agropecuaria Vale do Ximari, which sought to evict the Kayabí Indigenous community from ancestral lands in the Amazon to facilitate cattle farming, mining, and timber logging.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report alleges that Brookfield may have breached the rules of the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS), which prohibits clearing natural land for soy in Brazil after 2016, as 1,900 hectares were cleared on eight Brookfield farms between 2016 and June 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major financial institutions, including HSBC, Deutsche Bank, and Bank of America, provided significant funding to Brookfield through loans, bond underwriting, and shareholdings, despite their own commitments to stop financing deforestation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) removed the mandatory requirement for members to adhere to UN Race to Zero targets in October 2022, shortly before the introduction of independent monitoring controls.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Brookfield utilized complex ownership structures, including investment funds and Certificates of Agribusiness Receivables (CRAs), to manage land holdings and potentially circumvent Brazilian laws restricting foreign land ownership.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation","carbon sink","sustainable finance","Net-zero emissions","climate finance","Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero","land-use change","biodiversity","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","United Kingdom","United States","European Union","Q43695","Maranhão","Mato Grosso do Sul","Mato Grosso","Pará","Minas Gerais"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["investigative report","corporate accountability analysis"]},{"id":"wwf-000489","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000489","title":"Environmental and Social Management Framework & Process Framework & Indigenous and Traditional Peoples Planning Framework","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://files.worldwildlife.org/wwfcmsprod/files/Publication/file/4d34k56y0r_Brazil_ARCA_ESMF_ITPPF_PF_Final_4_19.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The ARCA Project aims to protect the Caatinga biome in Northeast Brazil by expanding and improving the management of the National System of Protected Areas (SNUC) and conserving endangered species. The project is funded by a $9,880,000 GEF grant and is executed by FUNBIO. It focuses on nine existing protected areas across Bahia, Pernambuco, Piauí, and Paraíba, targeting a minimum of 4,581,821 hectares. The framework outlines rigorous safeguards to protect Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Peoples, and Local Communities (IP/TP&LC), including a commitment to Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and the development of Livelihood Restoration Plans (LRPs) to mitigate economic impacts from resource access restrictions. The project also includes a Gender Action Plan to address systemic inequalities and risks of gender-based violence (GBV) and sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment (SEAH).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The ARCA Project targets the Caatinga biome, which covers over 844,453km² (10% of Brazil's territory) across 10 states, including Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Piauí, Sergipe, and Northern Minas Gerais.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project is funded by a GEF grant totaling $9,880,000, with $8,964,220 allocated specifically to the project grant across four components.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project aims to benefit at least 4,581,821 hectares of protected areas and approximately 4,390 local beneficiaries, with a target of mitigating 1,998,690 metric tons of CO2e.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project focuses on nine specific protected areas: PARNA Serra das Confusões (Piauí), PARNA do Boqueirão da Onça (Bahia), APA do Boqueirão da Onça (Bahia), PARNA da Serra do Teixeira (Paraíba), APA Lago do Sobradinho (Bahia), APA Dunas e Veredas do Baixo Médio São Francisco (Bahia), APA Lagoa de Itaparica (Bahia), PE Mata da Pimenteira (Pernambuco), and ESEC Serra da Canoa (Pernambuco).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project identifies a high level of social vulnerability in the Caatinga, noting that 59.1% of all Brazilians living in extreme poverty reside in the Northeast, and over half of those (52.5%) live in rural areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The framework adopts the category IP/TP&LC (Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Peoples and Local Communities) to encompass a wide range of social groups, including Quilombolas, ciganos (gypsies), and Fundo e Fecho de Pasto communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project mandates a Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) process for any activities that may negatively affect the rights, lands, territories, or livelihoods of Indigenous and Traditional Peoples.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To mitigate economic impacts from restricted access to natural resources, the project will implement Livelihood Restoration Plans (LRPs) developed participatively with affected communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project identifies significant risks of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Harassment (SEAH), particularly where law enforcement officials may misuse power or where shifting resource use changes household dynamics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project explicitly excludes several activities, including those leading to involuntary physical resettlement, river damming, the use of genetically modified organisms, and the procurement of weapons or munitions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The framework identifies a high density of cultural and archaeological sites within the target areas, including cave paintings dating back more than 25,000 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project will implement a tripartite Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) involving FUNBIO, WWF-US, and the GEF Secretariat to ensure transparency and accessibility for affected parties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000489#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity conservation","climate change mitigation","climate change adaptation","desertification","indigenous rights","Free, Prior and Informed Consent","greenhouse gas emissions","land tenure"],"geography_discussed":["Bahia","Q40942","Piauí","Paraíba","Alagoas","Ceará","Maranhão","Rio Grande do Norte","Sergipe","Minas Gerais"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental and social impact assessment","safeguards framework","risk mitigation planning"]}]}