{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Leh"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":7,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Leh","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iisd-001635","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001635","title":"Mapping India’s Energy Subsidies 2020: Fossil fuels, renewables, and electric vehicles 2020 Annex Update","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/india-energy-transition-2020-annex.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The annex updates data on electric vehicle GST concessions, power transmission infrastructure in Ladakh, LPG and kerosene subsidies, and a comprehensive list of coal producer and consumer taxes in India between FY 2014 and FY 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001635#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"To increase the uptake of electric vehicles, the central government provides a GST rate of 12% for electric two- and three-wheelers, compared to 28% for fossil fuel vehicles. This measure conferred a subsidy of 1,481.8 INR crore (222.3 USD million) in FY 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001635#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The central government funded the construction of a 220 kV transmission line from Srinagar to Leh via Kargil to improve power supply in Ladakh, with the project completed in February 2019. Total funding for this project in FY 2019 was 500 INR crore (74 USD million).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001635#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana (PMUY) includes a provision of 2% for project management expenditure (PME) and information, education and communication (IEC) to support the goal of providing clean cooking fuel (LPG) to women and children.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001635#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The PDS Kerosene and Domestic LPG subsidy scheme, 2002, which aimed to make these fuels affordable, officially ended on March 31, 2014, though it was extended by one year. A payment of 3,293 INR crore (491 USD million) was made in FY 2017 regarding earlier dues.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001635#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coal royalties are set by individual states and are not subject to GST; in FY 2019, these royalties collected 9,110 INR crore (1,355 USD million). While most states use a flat rate of 14% on coal prices, West Bengal uses rates based on coal grade ranging from INR 4.30 to 6.50 per MT.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001635#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Clean Energy Cess, levied on coal from 2010 to 2017, saw rates increase from INR 50 per tonne in 2010 to INR 400 per tonne by March 2016. It was abolished in 2017 and replaced by the GST Compensation Cess, which also charges INR 400 per tonne of coal and lignite.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001635#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Basic Customs Duty on imported coal, briquettes, and similar solid fuels is currently set at 10% and was not subsumed under the GST. In FY 2019, this duty collected 9,887 INR crore (1,471 USD million).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001635#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["electric vehicle","fossil fuel","coal","energy subsidy"],"geography_discussed":["Ladakh","West Bengal","Srinagar","Leh","Kargil"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["fiscal analysis","policy review"]},{"id":"cdkn-000022","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000022","title":"Local approaches to harmonising climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction policies: Lessons from India","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2014-06-12","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/harmonising-climate-adaptation-and-disaster-risk-reduction-india","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document highlights the disconnect between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction policies in India, noting that a lack of coordination among ministries renders these policies inefficient on the ground. Research conducted by the Sustainable Environment and Ecological Development Society (SEEDS) in the arid regions of Barmer and Leh indicates that while climate change is increasing the frequency and scale of disasters, local knowledge and multi-stakeholder platforms are essential for creating effective, converged risk reduction strategies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000022#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change is altering the scale, frequency, and nature of disasters in India, with the most severe impacts occurring in the country's most arid regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000022#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Operational inefficiencies in disaster and climate change policies result from a lack of coordination between various government departments and ministries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000022#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local innovation and multi-stakeholder platforms are critical for aligning disaster and climate policies, although these platforms require mechanisms for sustained action to be fully effective.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000022#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Urbanization that is rapid and poorly planned has heightened the risk of flash floods in certain areas, while other regions experience 'invisible disasters' that remain unreported.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000022#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","disaster risk reduction","urbanization","flash flood","development planning"],"geography_discussed":["Barmer","Western Rajasthan","Leh","Jammu and Kashmir"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","case study"]},{"id":"cdkn-000679","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000679","title":"Local approaches to harmonising climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction policies: Lessons from India","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2014-05","source_url":"http://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Leh-Barmer-Inside-Story_WEB1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the disconnect between India's national and state-level disaster and climate policies, which often operate in silos. Through research in Barmer and Leh, it highlights how climate change is increasing the frequency of flash floods and 'invisible disasters'—small-scale events that go unreported. The briefing argues that local multi-stakeholder platforms, community-led knowledge sharing (such as 'weather schools' and radio programmes), and the use of post-disaster 'windows of opportunity' can help harmonise DRR and adaptation efforts and influence national policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000679#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change is significantly altering the nature and frequency of disasters in India's arid regions, leading to more intense flash floods and droughts. In Leh, 98% of respondents noticed temperature increases over two decades, while in Barmer, 82% of farmers observed sharp rises in winter and summer temperatures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000679#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical lack of coordination between India's national and state-level climate and disaster policies, such as the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) and the National Disaster Management Act (NDMA). This segregation can lead to maladaptation, exemplified by tree plantations in Leh that blocked streams and worsened the impact of 2010 flash floods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000679#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Small-scale or remote disasters, termed 'invisible disasters', often go unreported and receive little aid because they do not cause human life loss or involve politically represented communities. An example is the February 2013 heavy snowfall in the Changthang region of Ladakh, which killed approximately 40,000 livestock.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000679#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local multi-stakeholder platforms and community-led initiatives can effectively bridge the gap between DRR and climate adaptation. Examples include 'nala training' (stream restoration) in Leh, which reduced flood risk and improved irrigation, and a community-managed weather station and 'weather school' that provided early warnings and scientific data to farmers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000679#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Innovative communication tools can empower marginalised groups to engage with policy-makers. In Barmer, a community radio programme developed by adolescent girls allowed vulnerable populations to discuss climate stresses and connect directly with experts and officials.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000679#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To improve the integration of DRR and adaptation at a national level, the report suggests leveraging post-disaster 'windows of opportunity' by documenting successful local initiatives and creating interfaces between local and national multi-stakeholder platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000679#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","disaster risk reduction","flash flood","drought","maladaptation","Community based adaptation","early warning system","climate finance","urbanization"],"geography_discussed":["Rajasthan","Jammu and Kashmir","Ladakh"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","action research","policy analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000608","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000608","title":"COUNTRY SNAPSHOT","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2013-03","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/India-Country-Snapshot.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details CDKN's efforts in India, focusing on integrating climate change with disaster risk reduction (DRR) and promoting green growth. Key initiatives include addressing heat-health vulnerability in Ahmadabad, improving disaster management planning in Leh, and researching climate-adapted shelter design. It also highlights the challenges facing the adoption of green construction technologies in India, such as lack of technical capacity, inadequate assessment tools, and bureaucratic hurdles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000608#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"CDKN is supporting the development of a Heat Action Plan in Ahmadabad, Gujarat, following a 2010 heat wave where temperatures reached 50°C and 100 people died. The project, 'Climate Change: Addressing Heat-Health Vulnerability in Rapidly Urbanising Regions of Western India', involves identifying vulnerable populations and implementing measures such as converting black tar roofs to china-tiled mosaics at health centres to reduce infant mortality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000608#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A research project by SEEDS, Kyoto University, and IIT found that the Disaster Management plan for Leh, created after the 2010 floods, focused on relief rather than risk management. The project developed a local plan for the Sakti area using village-level resource maps and action plans, which local councillors are now considering for district-wide scaling.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000608#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The adoption of alternative green construction technologies in India is hindered by four primary barriers: a lack of technical capacity and awareness among developers, a lack of quantified benefit assessments for decision-making, government bureaucracy in the building plan review process, and the need for stakeholder behavior change to optimize passive design strategies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000608#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN has committed approximately GBP 1.5 million to provide technical assistance and research in India, specifically supporting States in implementing State Climate Change Action Plans and managing six research projects on climate change and DRR integration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000608#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Low carbon development","disaster risk reduction","climate change adaptation","green growth","resource efficiency"],"geography_discussed":["Ahmedabad","Gujarat","Leh","Odisha","Mumbai","Vietnam","Pakistan","Nepal","Thailand"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","project update","policy analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000433","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000433","title":"COUNTRY SNAPSHOT","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2012-12","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN-India-Country-Snapshot-Dec-2012.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details CDKN's efforts in India to integrate disaster risk reduction (DRR) with climate change adaptation (CCA), specifically through technical assistance to state governments and research on gender-responsive policies and resilient construction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000433#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"CDKN is implementing several research projects in India focused on integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA), including studies on flood risk in Gorakhpur, institutional barriers to DRR/CCA integration in Orissa and Bihar, and multi-stakeholder action in the Leh and Barmer districts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000433#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN is supporting the mainstreaming of gender and inclusiveness within State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs). The Central Ministry of Environment and Forests has agreed to collaborate on this, and the states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttarakhand have already revised their plans using support from Alternative Futures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000433#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technical assistance is being provided to the state governments of Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Orissa to integrate climate concerns into construction projects and develop low carbon and climate resilient building practices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000433#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A mobile phone application designed to help Indian farmers adapt to climate change is being piloted with one million farmers in Andhra Pradesh by the Society for Eradication of Rural Poverty (SERP) and Community Managed Sustainable Agriculture (CMSA).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000433#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["disaster risk reduction","climate change adaptation","sustainability in construction","Low carbon development","Flood risk management"],"geography_discussed":["Himachal Pradesh","Andhra Pradesh","Uttar Pradesh","Madhya Pradesh","West Bengal","Uttarakhand","Vietnam","Odisha","Gorakhpur","Bihar","Leh","Barmer district","Sundarbans"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["project summary","policy briefing"]},{"id":"cdkn-000123","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000123","title":"From frost to flow: An exemplary community-led initiative for water supply in Ladakh, India","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdkn.org/story/frost-flow-exemplary-community-led-initiative-water-supply-ladakh-india","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A pilot project in Gangles, Ladakh, successfully implemented an insulated piped water network to overcome freezing temperatures of -30 degrees Celsius, providing 75 litres of water per person per day. The initiative relied on a partnership between the Public Health Engineering Department, NGOs, and the local community, who contributed to costs and maintenance to ensure ownership. The project's success, characterized by the use of ultrasonic meters and telescopic tariffs, has led to its replication across 11 Indian mountain states and the planning of a city-wide system for Leh.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000123#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Gangles pilot project addressed the challenge of water pipes freezing at temperatures as low as -30 degrees Celsius by implementing an insulated pipe distribution network and heat tracing cables, ensuring a continuous supply of 75 litres per person per day for over 35 households that had lacked constant supply for 60 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000123#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community buy-in and ownership were secured through extensive consultations, training, and a cost-sharing model where residents paid for insulation from property boundary walls to their homes and agreed to telescopic water tariffs based on usage quantity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000123#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The technical infrastructure of the improved system incorporates ultrasonic water meters for real-time data capture, pressure-reducing valves, and heat tracing cables to maintain flow during winter.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000123#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Following its success in Gangles, the project's technology and methodology have been replicated in 11 mountain states in India with populations under two million, and it is informing a detailed project report for the entire city of Leh.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000123#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water-supply management","water management","climate change adaptation","extreme weather event","Community based adaptation"],"geography_discussed":["Leh","India","Europe","Canada"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"cdkn-000883","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000883","title":"catalystsofchange-projectreport-12bc452e10895e5f.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"http://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/CatalystsofChange-ProjectReport.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report investigates how local multi-stakeholder platforms can catalyze the integration of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in India. Focusing on the arid regions of Leh and Barmer, the project utilized household surveys, resource mapping, and the installation of an Automatic Weather Station to identify climate-induced risks and policy gaps. Key findings indicate that while local communities perceive clear trends in rising temperatures and erratic precipitation, government policies remain fragmented and compartmentalized. The project successfully implemented community-led initiatives, such as a radio program in Barmer and a climate school in Leh, to amplify local voices and provide scientific weather data for agricultural adaptation. The report concludes that the district level is the most optimal point for the convergence of DRR and CCA to drive upward policy transformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000883#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Local communities in Leh and Barmer perceive a clear trend of rising temperatures and erratic precipitation, though they often lack a formal conceptual understanding of climate change as distinct from disaster events.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000883#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Government policies for climate change and disaster management in India are operationally divergent and institutionalized within separate ministries, leading to poor coordination and fragmented implementation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000883#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Leh, the project found that rapid and unplanned urbanization to support tourism increased the devastation of the 2010 floods by blocking local streams.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000883#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project established that the district level is the most effective administrative tier for integrating DRR and CCA because it is where government programs converge and is closest to the affected communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000883#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A household survey revealed a significant gap in resilience building, with 83% of respondents in Leh and 64% in Barmer stating that no appropriate government actions had been taken to help them with disasters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000883#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project implemented a community radio program in Barmer, training adolescent girls from marginalized communities to broadcast information on climate change and local adaptation solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000883#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Leh, the installation of an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) and the creation of a climate school aimed to reduce dependence on traditional Buddhist calendars and encourage scientific weather data in farming to combat the trend of youth abandoning agriculture.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000883#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project identified 'invisible disasters,' such as the 2012-2013 snowstorms in Changthang that killed approximately 40,000 livestock, which often go underreported and unnoticed by official response mechanisms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000883#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["disaster risk reduction","climate change adaptation","mainstreaming","flash flood","adaptive capacity","traditional knowledge","climate change vulnerability"],"geography_discussed":["Uttarakhand"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","policy analysis","household survey"]}]}