{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Lebanon"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":145,"relation":"eq"},"page":8,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Lebanon&page=8","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"prio-001748","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001748","title":"Smokescreen diplomacy: Excluding the Palestinians by Self-Rule","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/77a51144-fb02-4732-8915-406a93c8debc/Smokescreen Diplomacy Excluding the Palestinians by Self-Rule.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that the Palestinian self-rule scheme launched by Menachem Begin in December 1977 was a strategic mechanism of 'preventive diplomacy' designed to facilitate the Egyptian-Israeli peace process without conceding any sovereignty or territory to Palestinians. While President Jimmy Carter initially sought a comprehensive peace including Palestinian representation and Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank and Gaza, he eventually accepted self-rule as a temporary starting point. The author contends that Begin never intended to implement the scheme, using it instead to sideline the PLO and maintain Israeli control over the West Bank and Gaza. The process culminated in the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, after which Begin further watered down the autonomy plan and eventually torpedoed the negotiations entirely with the July 1980 Jerusalem Basic Law, which declared Jerusalem the indivisible capital of Israel.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001748#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Menachem Begin's 'self-rule' proposal was a diplomatic tool used to enable a separate peace treaty with Egypt by providing a nominal Palestinian solution that avoided any actual concessions of sovereignty or territory.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001748#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The self-rule scheme was designed as 'state prevention,' ensuring that any Palestinian administration would remain under Israeli security control and would not evolve into an independent state.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001748#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"President Jimmy Carter's initial 'comprehensive approach' aimed for a full Arab-Israeli peace including Palestinian representation and Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank and Gaza, but this was gradually replaced by the acceptance of self-rule as a temporary transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001748#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The United States continued to exclude the PLO from direct negotiations throughout the Carter administration due to a 1975 secret pledge made by Henry Kissinger during the Sinai II negotiations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001748#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Camp David Accords of September 1978 established a vague three-stage timetable for Palestinian self-governing authority but failed to secure a commitment from Begin regarding a final status or Palestinian sovereignty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001748#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Israeli government purposefully ended the autonomy negotiations in July 1980 by passing a Basic Law declaring Jerusalem the indivisible capital of Israel, a move that Carter described as the 'final nail in the coffin' of the Camp David negotiations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001748#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Egypt","United States","Jordan","Lebanon","Jerusalem"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"prio-001751","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001751","title":"Resources, Regimes and Rebellion","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/7f5e09d5-cb1c-4063-afc6-152c5782c8bd/Sorli - Resources Regimes and Rebellion.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The author replicates and extends the civil war model of Collier & Hoeffler (2002), finding that while natural resources correlate with conflict, the drivers differ by region. In the Middle East, the 'greed' explanation—where rebels fight to seize resources—is less plausible than a 'rentier-state' model, where oil-funded authoritarianism, corruption, and slow growth generate grievances. The study also finds that democracy is significantly and negatively related to civil conflict, a finding absent in the original Collier & Hoeffler analysis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001751#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The author's replication of the Collier & Hoeffler model indicates that democracy is a significant variable that is negatively correlated with the outbreak of civil war, contradicting the original study's findings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001751#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"When breaking down primary commodity dependence, oil dependency is found to be a significant factor in predicting civil war, whereas mineral dependency is not.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001751#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'greed' model, which suggests rebels are motivated by the opportunity to finance insurgency through natural resources, is argued to be flawed when applied to the Middle East.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001751#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Middle East, the link between resource abundance and conflict is better explained by the rentier-state concept, where oil leads to authoritarianism, corruption, and slow growth, which in turn foster grievance-based conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001751#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Oil is distinguished from other natural resources due to its physical and geographical qualities, making it less likely to be looted by rebels and more likely to remain under state control or be targeted via coups d'état or secessionist wars.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001751#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The analysis suggests that oil dependency may mask the effect of democracy in the Middle East, potentially because oil revenues allow regimes to repress or buy off political opposition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001751#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["economic growth"],"geography_discussed":["Sudan","Iran","Iraq","Jordan","Lebanon","Morocco","Yemen","Afghanistan","Algeria"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["econometric analysis","comparative study","theoretical critique"]},{"id":"prio-001776","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001776","title":"Technologizing the Fight against Sexual Violence: A Critical Scoping","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/524ca105-41c6-4334-abbb-c434849749c7/Technologizing the Fight against Sexual Violence A Critical Scoping.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document critically examines the 'turn towards technology' in humanitarian aid, specifically regarding sexual violence. It warns that technological solutions often fail due to inadequate problem definitions and the exclusion of affected populations. The author identifies four key areas of concern: the creation of 'digital bodies' (data representations of physical people), the use of intrusive wearables for reproductive and health tracking, the 'technologization' of safeguarding through quantification and criminal law, and the use of data-driven vulnerability assessments that may render male victims invisible. Finally, it cautions against 'humanitarian experimentation,' where untested technologies are deployed in fragile environments without sufficient ethical frameworks, potentially introducing new harms to victims of gender-based violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001776#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The creation of 'digital bodies'—digital representations consisting of images, biometrics, and data—introduces a double risk where compromising the security of the digital body can directly compromise the security and well-being of the physical body.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001776#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Humanitarian wearables, including devices for tracking health and delivering reproductive control, may be legitimated by the urgency of emergency contexts, potentially leading to intrusive tracking in the Global South that mirrors colonial practices of bodily control.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001776#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'technologization' of safeguarding—exemplified by the Soteria vetting project—shifts the focus toward quantification, remote control, and criminal law, which the author argues is a simplistic solution that obscures complex power relationships.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001776#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Data-driven screening tools, such as UNHCR's Vulnerability Assessment Framework (VAF), often rely on a priori assumptions that women and children are the most vulnerable, which can make the specific gendered vulnerabilities and sexual violence experienced by men invisible.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001776#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The framing of gender-based violence as an 'innovation opportunity' encourages 'humanitarian experimentation,' where untested technologies are deployed in unstable environments without adequate risk analysis or normative frameworks, risking the distribution of new harms to aid recipients.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001776#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Global South","Jordan","Egypt","Lebanon","Nairobi"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["critical scoping","ethical assessment"]},{"id":"sei-001314","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001314","title":"documents-lecbpbrochure-05e53a320c0d8cbf.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://leap.sei.org/Documents\\LECBPBrochure.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The EU-UNDP Low Emission Capacity Building Programme is a collaborative initiative funded by the European Commission and the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. It aims to strengthen the institutional and technical capacities of developing countries to transition toward low-emission, climate-resilient pathways by supporting the development of GHG inventories, Low-Emission Development Strategies (LEDS), and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001314#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The EU-UNDP Low Emission Capacity Building Programme focuses on five primary objectives to enhance national capacities: developing greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory systems, formulating Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), preparing Low-Emission Development Strategies (LEDS), facilitating mitigation action plans for specific industries, and designing measuring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001314#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The Programme provides targeted support for high-emission industries in specific countries, including Argentina, China, Egypt, and Mexico, focusing on sectors such as fertilizers, petrochemicals, iron and steel, and cement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001314#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"In Egypt, the industrial sector's GHG emissions increased by 275 percent over 1990 levels, contributing 14 percent of total emissions in 2000. The iron and steel and cement industries combined account for more than two-thirds (68 percent) of the industrial sector's total emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001314#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The UNDP Global Support Unit provides four types of assistance to national projects: disseminating tools and training for NAMA, LEDS, and MRV; providing targeted technical support to national teams; identifying innovative policy and financing options; and sharing knowledge and lessons learned.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001314#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The Programme identifies several implementation challenges in participating countries, including changes in government leading to shifting priorities, inadequate inter-ministerial coordination, a lack of technical and institutional climate change capacity beyond the Ministry of Environment, and insufficient data quality for decision making.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001314#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["ghg inventory","low-emission development strategies (leds)","nationally appropriate mitigation actions (namas)","mrv","capacity building"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["Programme overview","Case studies"]},{"id":"sei-002023","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002023","title":"WIN Water networking events Delivery report for the sWASH & grow project","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/win-water-networking-events-swashgrow.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details two networking events held between November 2020 and February 2021 as part of the sWASH & grow project. These events, coordinated by WIN Water, aimed to bridge the gap between innovators (sellers) and relief organizations (buyers) to scale circular and sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) innovations. The activities included a 'Digital Water' workshop focusing on digitalization in challenged regions and a dedicated event on business models for clean water and sanitation in disaster and developing areas. In total, approximately 90 participants from various countries and sectors attended, resulting in identified needs for standardized data forms, better understanding of humanitarian procurement, and the development of local value chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002023#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The sWASH & grow project aims to improve the ability of innovators to meet the demands of relief organizations by developing tools for circular, inclusive, and sustainable innovations, with a focus on off-grid solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002023#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A November 2020 workshop on 'Digitalization and business in challenged regions' identified several critical needs for the WASH sector, including the requirement for a 'Sustainable Master Plan on WASH', standardized data forms, and a better understanding of procurement processes in humanitarian and developing markets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002023#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Participants in the digitalization workshop suggested that business cases for WASH should prioritize local value chains, 'Pay as you go' payment solutions for rural areas, and the alignment of finance with global agendas such as the Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002023#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The networking activities across two events attracted approximately 90 participants from multiple countries, including representatives from organizations such as UNICEF Supply Division, UNOPS, and the Stockholm Environment Institute.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002023#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water security","climate change","Paris Agreement"],"geography_discussed":["Barcelona"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["delivery report","event summary"]}]}