{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Koshi River Basin"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'Koshi River Basin' for facet 'geography' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":5,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Koshi+River+Basin","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"gclifun-006009","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gclifun-006009","title":"Nepal Country Programme for the Green Climate Fund","publisher":{"name":"Green Climate Fund","organization":"green-climate-fund"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-08","source_url":"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/nepals-country-programme-gcf-v0-11-aug-2023-cover.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Nepal is highly vulnerable to climate change, facing increasing frequencies of floods, landslides, and droughts. The government aims for net-zero emissions by 2045 and net-negative emissions by 2050. To achieve this, Nepal has developed a GCF country programme featuring a pipeline of 14 projects focusing on e-mobility, climate-resilient agriculture, and watershed management. The document details the institutional arrangements for GCF engagement, including the role of the Ministry of Finance as the National Designated Authority, and identifies significant financing gaps, estimating a need for USD 49.4 billion by 2030 to meet NDC and NAP targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Nepal is ranked as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, with the Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) 2021 ranking it as the 10th most vulnerable country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate-induced disasters cause significant economic damage, with an average annual loss of NPR 2,778 million, representing 0.08% of the total GDP for fiscal year 2018/19.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Nepal has set ambitious climate targets, aiming for net zero emissions by 2045 and net negative emissions by 2050, primarily through land use changes acting as a carbon sink.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a substantial climate finance gap; Nepal requires USD 25 billion for conditional mitigation targets and USD 2.1 billion annually for the implementation of its National Adaptation Plan (NAP).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government has increased domestic climate-relevant budget allocations, which nearly doubled from NPR 58.0 billion in 2018/19 to NPR 105.8 billion in 2022/23.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Nepal's GCF portfolio currently includes three approved projects totaling USD 87 million in grants, focusing on the Gandaki River Basin, the Churia Region, and clean cooking solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Ministry of Finance serves as the National Designated Authority (NDA), supported by a Climate Finance Steering Committee (CFSC) and a Climate Finance Technical Committee (CFTC).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Direct Access Entities (DAEs) such as the Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) and the National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) are accredited to manage GCF resources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change disproportionately affects vulnerable groups, including women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities, leading to increased mortality and morbidity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-006009#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","carbon neutrality","climate change adaptation","Nationally Determined Contributions","national adaptation plan","electromobility","renewable energy","glacier lake outburst flood","Climate-smart agriculture","greenhouse gas inventory","disaster risk reduction"],"geography_discussed":["Gandaki River Basin","Churia Region","Koshi River Basin","West Seti Basin","Kathmandu Valley"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy document","strategic framework","project pipeline"]},{"id":"gclifun-004888","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gclifun-004888","title":"Promoting transformative and climate resilient agriculture for sustainable livelihoods and food security in Nepal (CRA)","publisher":{"name":"Green Climate Fund","organization":"green-climate-fund"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020-05-08","source_url":"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/24550-promoting-transformative-and-climate-resilient-agriculture-sustainable-livelihoods-and-food.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The project aims to support 603,000 people in six districts of the Koshi River Basin to transition from climate-vulnerable subsistence farming to sustainable, market-driven systems. It focuses on scaling up climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) practices, enhancing agrometeorological and market advisory services, and establishing local value chain networks. With a total indicative cost of USD 43.1 million, the project targets vulnerable groups, particularly women, to improve food security and livelihoods in the face of increasing temperature trends and precipitation variability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004888#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The project targets 603,000 direct beneficiaries (51% women) across 115,000 households, covering approximately 53,000 hectares of agricultural, livestock, and fishery production areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004888#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Koshi River Basin (KRB) faces significant climate risks, including a statistically significant positive trend in maximum and minimum temperatures from 1971 to 2014, and a combined threat of dry-season water scarcity and monsoon flooding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004888#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is projected to cause altitudinal shifts that will reduce the suitability of key crops in the KRB, specifically macadamia and juglans, as well as coffee and banana across Nepal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004888#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project identifies five primary barriers to climate resilience in the KRB: lack of information on climate risks, limited access to financial services, weak market infrastructure, limited institutional capacity within the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD), and poor targeting of marginalized groups.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004888#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project is structured into three components: scaling up climate-resilient farming practices (40% budget), strengthening climate and market foresight services (49% budget), and creating an enabling environment for market-driven agriculture (11% budget).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004888#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proposed interventions include the use of stress-tolerant varieties, improved water conservation, the establishment of automated weather stations, and the creation of a forecast-based financing (FBF) scheme for early warning and action.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004888#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project will be implemented in six specific districts: Udayapur, Saptari, Sunsari, Sindhuli, Ramechhap, and Dolakha, selected based on their high exposure to climate risks and agricultural potential.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004888#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The total indicative project cost is USD 43.1 million, with USD 34.6 million (80%) requested as a grant from the Green Climate Fund and USD 8.5 million (20%) provided as co-financing from the Government of Nepal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-004888#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","food security","water management","Climate risk assessment"],"geography_discussed":["Udayapur District","Saptari District","Sunsari District","Sindhuli District","Ramechhap District","Dolakha District","Gandaki River Basin"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["project proposal","climate risk assessment","policy alignment analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000700","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000700","title":"COUNTRY SNAPSHOT","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2013-03","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Nepal-Country-Snapshot-10-March-13-2.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details CDKN's technical assistance to Nepal, focusing on enhancing the country's role in UNFCCC negotiations, conducting economic impact assessments of climate change on water and agriculture, and integrating climate indicators into food security monitoring. It highlights Nepal's leadership of the LDC Group and its efforts to mainstream mountain climate issues globally, while also noting the importance of documenting local community-led adaptation and disaster response initiatives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000700#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"CDKN has provided technical assistance to the Government of Nepal since 2011 to improve its strategic participation in UNFCCC negotiations, which contributed to better coordination and utilization of expertise during COP18 in Doha.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000700#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Nepal has assumed a leadership role as the chair of the Least Developed Countries (LDC) Group within the UNFCCC for the 2012-2014 period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000700#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A CDKN-supported project is conducting an economic impact assessment of climate change in Nepal, specifically targeting the agriculture and water sectors to help the government allocate resources and inform the national three-year development plan.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000700#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Between November 2011 and March 2013, CDKN partner ISET-Nepal and the World Food Programme (WFP) integrated a new set of climate change indicators into the Nepal Food Security Monitoring System (NeKSAP).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000700#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local communities in Nepal have developed indigenous disaster response mechanisms, such as bamboo spur check dams and community-managed disaster preparedness networks, though these efforts are often undocumented and lack government support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000700#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","climate change adaptation","United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change","food security","disaster risk reduction"],"geography_discussed":["Doha","Koshi River Basin","Parbat District","Udaypur","Rautahat District","Kailali District"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy review","project update"]},{"id":"cdkn-000443","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000443","title":"cdkn-nepal-country-snapshot-july-20131-15152a95534e10e0.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2013","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN-Nepal-Country-Snapshot-July-20131.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines CDKN's support for Nepal's role as Chair of the LDC Group within the UNFCCC, the operationalization of the Nepal Climate Change Knowledge Management Centre (NCCKMC), and several ongoing research projects focusing on the economic costs of climate change and disaster risk reduction in the Koshi River Basin.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000443#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Nepal Climate Change Knowledge Management Centre (NCCKMC), housed at NAST, was supported by CDKN to bridge the gap between academic evidence and policy-makers. The centre has since partnered with UNDP in Nepal and established a content sharing agreement with the ELDIS platform.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000443#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A project assessing the economic impact of climate change in Nepal (April 2012–Nov 2013) is analyzing data to determine economic costs for the water and agriculture sectors, including specific case studies on floods in Dang and Banke districts, extreme weather in Kaski district, and buckwheat production in Mustang district.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000443#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN's support for Nepal's strategic engagement with the UNFCCC (Nov 2011–Jan 2013) resulted in the establishment of a professional Core Negotiating Team and improved procedures for reporting and coordination.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000443#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Research is ongoing in the Koshi River Basin (Aug 2012–Jan 2014) to assess how increased variation in hydrological and climate events impacts development and to propose policy innovations for disaster risk reduction and adaptation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000443#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","climate change adaptation","disaster risk reduction","knowledge management","United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change","agriculture"],"geography_discussed":["Koshi River Basin","Dang District","Banke District","Kaski District","Mustang District"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["project update","capacity assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000442","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000442","title":"COUNTRY SNAPSHOT December 2012 News from CDKN: How much does climate change cost Nepal?","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2012-12","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN-Nepal-Country-Snapshot-Dec-2012_0.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines several CDKN-supported initiatives in Nepal, most notably a project launched in October 2012 to calculate the economic costs of climate change within the water and agriculture sectors. It also highlights efforts to strengthen Nepal's strategic engagement with the UNFCCC, including the training of a Core Negotiating Team and Nepal's election as chair of the LDC Group. Other mentioned projects include the integration of climate indicators into the Food Security Monitoring System (NeKSAP), the development of the Nepal Climate Change Knowledge Management Centre (NCCKMC), and research on disaster risk reduction in the Koshi River Basin.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000442#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A project initiated in October 2012, led by the Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MoEST) and supported by CDKN, is calculating the economic impact of climate change specifically within Nepal's water and agriculture sectors. The study aims to identify the costs of current climate variability and extremes, short-to-medium term risks to current plans, and long-term economic costs to help the government frame climate change as a \"development issue of highest priority for the country.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000442#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CDKN has provided technical assistance to the Government of Nepal to improve its strategic participation in UNFCCC negotiations since 2011. This support included training for a newly formed Core Negotiating Team (CNT) and facilitating coordination for COP events. Consequently, Nepal was elected chair of the LDC Group in the UNFCCC for 2013-2014 and hosted an International Conference on Mountains and Climate Change in April 2012.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000442#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Nepal Climate Change Knowledge Management Centre (NCCKMC) completed a 12-month project with CDKN to improve its effectiveness and visibility, resulting in increased donor support and the use of its e-bulletin, 'Nepal Climate Update', by local stakeholders for reliable information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000442#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Other specific climate-related initiatives in Nepal include the integration of new climate change data indicators into the Food Security Monitoring System (NeKSAP) by WFP and ISET-Nepal, and a research project (August 2012 - January 2014) by NDRI to assess climate change impacts and propose adaptation measures for the Koshi River Basin.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000442#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["agriculture","climate diplomacy","United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change","climate finance","food security","disaster risk reduction","climate change adaptation"],"geography_discussed":["Koshi River Basin","Doha","Delhi"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["project update","policy support assessment"]}]}