{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Kahramanmaraş Province"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'Kahramanmaraş Province' for facet 'geography' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":4,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Kahramanmara%C5%9F+Province","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"gem-000046","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000046","title":"Yükseliş ve Çöküş 2025 Küresel Kömürlü Termik Santral Takibi","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"report","language":"tr","date_published":"2025-04","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/migration/reports/Boom-and-Bust-Coal-2025-Turkish_3.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"In 2024, global coal-fired power capacity additions reached their lowest level in 20 years at 44 GW, though net capacity still increased by 18.8 GW due to continued growth in China and India. While the EU saw a fourfold increase in retired capacity and the UK became the sixth country to fully exit coal since the Paris Agreement, China and India saw record-high numbers of new plant starts and proposals. In OECD countries, planned coal plants have dropped from 142 in 2015 to five today, with Turkey and Australia remaining among the few with active projects. Turkey specifically is noted as the only OECD country actively increasing coal-based electricity production, despite a 2053 net-zero target and the recent approval of an expansion at the Afşin-Elbistan complex.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000046#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Global coal capacity additions in 2024 were the lowest in two decades, totaling 44 GW, which is approximately 30 GW below the 2004-2024 annual average of 72 GW.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000046#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China and India dominate new coal development, accounting for 107 GW of the 116 GW of new coal plant capacity planned worldwide in 2024. China specifically saw its highest number of coal plant construction starts since 2015, with new plants totaling 94 GW.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000046#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The European Union experienced a significant increase in coal retirements, with decommissioned capacity rising from 2.7 GW in 2023 to 11 GW in 2024, led by Germany with 6.7 GW. The United Kingdom became the sixth country to completely abandon coal-fired power since the Paris Agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000046#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among 38 OECD member countries, the number of planned coal plants fell from 142 in 2015 to five. Turkey is identified as the only OECD country still actively increasing coal-based electricity production, as it has not retired any coal plants since 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000046#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Turkey, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change approved the EIA report in December 2024 for the expansion of the Afşin-Elbistan energy complex in Kahramanmaraş, which involves adding two units to be operational by 2028 and remaining in service beyond 2060.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000046#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal-fired power station","energy transition","Paris Agreement","carbon neutrality","renewable energy","just transition","carbon capture and storage","Cofiring"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","European Union","United Kingdom","United States","Indonesia","Brazil","Turkey","Australia","Japan","South Korea","Zimbabwe","Zambia","South Africa","Kahramanmaraş Province"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["trend analysis","policy assessment","capacity tracking"]},{"id":"gem-000169","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000169","title":"KÖMÜR YAKITLI AFŞİN ELBİSTAN A TERMİK SANTRALİ GENİŞLETME PROJESİNİN HALK SAĞLIĞI ETKİLERİ VE EKONOMİK MALİYETİ","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"report","language":"tr","date_published":"2024-09","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/migration/reports/0906AfsinElbistanA_EkonomikMaliyetRaporu_THHP_0809.2024-2-1-1_1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report calculates that the planned expansion of the Afşin Elbistan A Thermal Power Plant will cause significant public health damage and economic losses. In the first year of operation (2028), the project is estimated to cause 42 deaths and cost the economy 58.1 million USD. Over a 35-year operational period (2028-2063), the cumulative impact is projected to be 2,268 deaths and an economic cost of 2.6 billion USD, which the authors equate to the cost of building 29 hospitals with 500 beds each.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In the first operational year, estimated to be 2028, the 688 MW capacity increase is projected to cause 42 deaths, 43 emergency room visits for asthma, 87 children with asthma, 27 preterm births, 15 low birth weight births, and 16,917 lost workdays.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The estimated economic cost of air pollution from the additional capacity in the first year of operation is 58.1 million USD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Over a 35-year operational period from 2028 to 2063, the cumulative health impacts are estimated at 2,268 deaths, 1,714 emergency room visits for asthma, 626 new pediatric asthma cases, 2,896 asthma attacks in children, 907 preterm births, 514 low birth weight births, and 755,904 sick leave days.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The total cumulative economic cost to the economy from 2028 to 2063 is estimated at 2.6 billion USD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 2.6 billion USD economic burden is equivalent to the construction cost of 29 hospitals with 500 beds each, totaling 14,500 hospital beds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study utilized the CALPUFF air dispersion model to simulate the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) resulting from the expansion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal-fired power station","air pollution","public health","particulates","environmental impact assessment"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["health impact assessment","economic cost analysis","air quality modeling"]},{"id":"ember-000327","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000327","title":"Hibrit santraller ile güneş kapasitesi rüzgarı geride bıraktı","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"report","language":"tr","date_published":"2024-02-22","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/02/Hibrit-santraller-ile-gunes-kapasitesi-ruzgari-geride-birakti.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report highlights that hybrid solar capacity in Turkey reached 510 MW by 2024, pushing total solar capacity to 12.2 GW and surpassing wind capacity. It emphasizes the role of wind-solar hybrids in stabilizing production and identifies a significant project pipeline of 1.9 GW. The document also explores the potential for floating solar on hydroelectric reservoirs, estimating a 17 GW potential across five major dams.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000327#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"When including hybrid plants, Turkey's total solar capacity reached 12.2 GW by 2024, surpassing wind capacity, which stood at 11.8 GW in official statistics. Hybrid solar capacity accounts for 510 MW and represents 4.2% of the total solar installed power.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000327#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Hybrid solar capacity is primarily concentrated in wind power plants, with 63% of the capacity located in 14 plants where wind is the primary source. This combination provides a more stable production profile due to the negative correlation between hourly wind and solar production, which ranged between -0.08 and -0.14 from 2021 to 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000327#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a substantial project pipeline for hybrid solar plants, with 1.9 GW of capacity having completed permit processes but not yet installed as of the end of 2023. This pipeline represents 16% of the total solar installed capacity, with 62% allocated to wind plants and 13% to hydroelectric plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000327#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Floating solar (FPV) presents a significant opportunity for hybrid plants, particularly on hydroelectric reservoirs. If 10% of the water surface of the five largest hydroelectric plants (Atatürk, Karakaya, Keban, Ilısu, and Birecik) were used, it would create 17 GW of floating solar potential, with 7.7 GW coming from the Atatürk Dam alone.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000327#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The removal of the 15% limit on auxiliary source capacity in September 2022 accelerated the distribution of capacity. By the end of 2023, the average ratio of auxiliary source capacity to primary source capacity in hybrid plants was 30%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000327#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["solar energy","wind power","hydroelectricity"],"geography_discussed":["Uşak Province","Bingöl Province","Sivas Province","Konya Province","Karaman Province","Çanakkale Province","Manisa Province","Balıkesir Province","Kahramanmaraş Province","Şanlıurfa Province","Diyarbakır Province","Elazığ Province","Mardin Province"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["capacity analysis","potential assessment","policy review"]},{"id":"ember-000456","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000456","title":"Hybrid plants push solar capacity past wind in Türkiye","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024-02-22","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/hybrid-plants-push-solar-capacity-past-wind-in-turkiye","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Türkiye's total solar capacity reached 12.2 GW by early 2024, surpassing wind capacity once 510 MW of secondary solar capacity from hybrid power plants is included. These hybrid plants, which combine a primary and secondary energy source at one location, are predominantly wind-solar combinations. While 1.9 GW of hybrid solar capacity is currently in the pipeline, the report highlights a lack of transparent capacity planning and the untapped potential of floating solar on hydroelectric reservoirs, which could provide up to 17 GW of capacity across five major plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000456#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"When including 510 MW of secondary solar capacity from hybrid power plants, Türkiye's total solar capacity reached 12.2 GW as of 2024, surpassing wind capacity, which stood at 11.8 GW at the end of 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000456#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Hybrid solar capacity is primarily concentrated in wind power plants, with 63% of the secondary solar capacity installed in 14 plants where wind is the primary source. The complementary nature of wind and solar in Türkiye, with an hourly correlation between -0.08 and -0.14 from 2021 to 2023, allows for a more stable generation profile.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000456#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant project pipeline for hybrid solar, with 1.9 GW of approved capacity yet to be installed as of the end of 2023, representing 16% of Türkiye's total installed solar capacity. Of this pipeline, 62% is allocated to wind power plants and 13% to hydroelectric power plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000456#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Türkiye has substantial untapped floating solar potential on hydroelectric reservoirs. Five state-owned plants—Atatürk, Karakaya, Keban, Ilisu, and Birecik—could provide 17 GW of floating solar capacity if 10% of their water surfaces were covered, with the Atatürk Reservoir alone accounting for 7.7 GW.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000456#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The development of hybrid plants was previously hindered by a 15% cap on secondary source capacity relative to the primary source, which was removed in September 2022. By the end of 2023, the average ratio of secondary source capacity in hybrid plants had risen to 30%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000456#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["solar energy","wind power","hydroelectricity","energy infrastructure"],"geography_discussed":["Uşak Province","Bingöl Province","Sivas Province","Konya Province","Karaman Province","Çanakkale Province","Manisa Province","Balıkesir Province","Kahramanmaraş Province","Şanlıurfa Province","Diyarbakır Province","Elazığ Province","Mardin Province"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["capacity assessment","regulatory analysis"]}]}