{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["East Nusa Tenggara"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'East Nusa Tenggara' for facet 'geography' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":26,"relation":"eq"},"page":2,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=East+Nusa+Tenggara&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iisd-000648","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-000648","title":"Food Security Policies in Maritime Southeast Asia: The case of Indonesia","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2010-06-25","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/food-security-policies-maritime-southeast-asia-case-indonesia","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes food insecurity in Indonesia, highlighting that the 2007/08 global food crisis exacerbated issues of food access and affordability. It argues that the government's focus on food self-sufficiency is insufficient and suggests that improving infrastructure, employment, and targeted aid programs is essential to ensure the poor can access nutritious food.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000648#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Food insecurity in Indonesia is primarily driven by the inability of the population to access available food rather than a shortage of domestic supplies. This issue was worsened by the 2007/08 global food crisis, which saw price volatility in palm oil and price increases for rice, soybeans, and wheat, forcing households to spend more of their income on food.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000648#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Indonesian government's focus on food self-sufficiency and domestic production has not effectively improved access to affordable and nutritious food for the poor. This lack of access is further compounded by poor infrastructure that hinders the transportation of affordable food products across the country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000648#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While the government has implemented food access initiatives like the Conditional Direct Aid Cash and Rice for the Poor programs, these remain imperfect. The report suggests that food security policies should integrate sustainable employment strategies, such as expanding the agro-industry to increase agricultural supply during harvests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000648#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","poverty reduction"],"geography_discussed":["East Nusa Tenggara","West Nusa Tenggara","Yogyakarta","Southeast Asia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment"]},{"id":"iisd-001413","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001413","title":"Food Security Policies in Maritime Southeast Asia","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2010-06","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/food_security_policies_indonesia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines food insecurity in Indonesia, specifically in the provinces of East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, and Yogyakarta. It argues that while national food supplies were generally sufficient during the 2007/08 global food crisis, poor infrastructure and low incomes hindered access to affordable food. The author criticizes the 'Swasembada Pangan' (food self-sufficiency) approach for ignoring the dimensions of accessibility and affordability, recommending a shift toward improving transportation infrastructure and creating sustainable employment in the agro-industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2007/08 global food crisis significantly impacted Indonesia, particularly in urban areas due to their higher dependence on the cash economy, and led to increased household expenditure on food and new debts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food insecurity in Indonesia is primarily driven by a lack of access and affordability rather than a lack of overall food supply, a problem exacerbated by poor transportation infrastructure that increases food prices in remote areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Indonesian government's 'Swasembada Pangan' initiative focuses rigidly on food self-sufficiency (domestic production) and fails to adequately address the needs of the poor to access healthy and affordable food.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"During the 2007/08 crisis, palm oil experienced the highest price volatility in Indonesia, with prices rising from USD 574/ton at the end of 2007 to USD 1,263/ton in 2008, leading to domestic cooking oil shortages as producers exported crude palm oil directly.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food insecurity is geographically concentrated in eastern Indonesia, with East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) recording the highest number of food insecure villages, totaling 923 out of 2,387 (38.67%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), food insecurity is linked to population growth outpacing food production, as well as the impact of a major earthquake in 2006 and prolonged droughts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), food insecurity persists despite a surplus in rice production because some districts remain isolated from key infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) faces chronic food insecurity driven by protracted drought (contributing 54%), pests/diseases (31%), and a shifting consumption pattern from traditional corn to rice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"National policy responses, including the Conditional Direct Aid Cash and Rice for the Poor programs, are viewed as providing only short-term assistance and failing to improve long-term food access.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government established the Village Food Reserve (VFR) program under Ministry of Internal Affairs’ Regulation no. 30/2008 to manage food stocks at the village level and control price fluctuations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001413#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","infrastructure","drought"],"geography_discussed":["East Nusa Tenggara","West Nusa Tenggara","Yogyakarta","Maritime Southeast Asia","Java","Papua","Maluku"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","case study","economic analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000396","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000396","title":"CLIMATE CHANGE FINANCING FOR CITIES IN INDONESIA","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"http://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/CASE-STUDY-Climate-change-financing-for-cities-in-Indonesia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document assesses the climate finance landscape in Indonesia, highlighting a significant gap between the financial needs for mitigation and adaptation and the available funds. Using Kupang as a case study, it identifies a lack of local regulatory frameworks and action plans, which hinders the ability of cities to access national and international funding. The report recommends the establishment of local trust funds and a dedicated information platform to help cities mobilize resources from public, private, and international sources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000396#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Indonesia faces significant hurdles in accessing the Green Climate Fund (GCF) due to the difficulty of gaining accreditation for national implementing entities, with challenges including language barriers and procurement procedures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000396#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The city of Kupang lacks a formal regulatory framework, climate change action plan, or greenhouse gas emissions reduction strategy, which limits the effectiveness of climate finance disbursement at the city level.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000396#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a substantial funding gap for sanitation and water management in Kupang; for the period 2015-2019, the estimated financial need is IDR 276.967 million, while available local budget funding is only IDR 53.47 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000396#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","urbanization","greenhouse gas emissions","Green Climate Fund","Global Environment Facility","public–private partnership","water management","waste management","renewable energy","measurement, reporting, and verification"],"geography_discussed":["East Nusa Tenggara","Jakarta","Central Kalimantan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","gap analysis","policy assessment"]},{"id":"commyale-000219","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000219","title":"Climate Change in the Indonesian Mind","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/app/uploads/2023/09/climate-change-in-the-indonesian-mind-e.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while a majority of Indonesians are worried about global warming, deforestation, and forest fires, there is a significant lack of basic knowledge regarding the definition and causes of climate change. Most respondents feel a strong moral obligation to protect the environment and believe in collective efficacy, yet very few engage in active environmental or political activism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000219#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a significant gap in basic climate change knowledge among Indonesians; 76% of adults report knowing only 'a little' or having 'never heard of' global warming, and only 44% correctly identified the definition of climate change as involving long-term changes in weather patterns over decades or more.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000219#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite low baseline knowledge, a majority of Indonesians believe global warming is occurring after being provided with a definition, and 29% believe it is primarily caused by human activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000219#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesians express high levels of concern regarding global warming, deforestation, and forest fires, with 73%, 80%, and 81% reporting they are 'worried' or 'very worried' about these issues respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000219#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public perception of deforestation is conflicted; while 80% are worried about it and 40% believe cutting down forests is never justified, 60% believe it is justified for reasons such as building public infrastructure, reducing poverty, or increasing state revenue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000219#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is very low public awareness and understanding of Indonesia's Indigenous people (Masyarakat Adat), with 62% knowing little or nothing about them and only 4% recognizing that the term does not refer to all people or tribes in the country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000219#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesians report strong environmental values and a sense of moral duty, with 91% feeling morally obligated to protect the environment for the common good and 70% stating they like to be identified as an 'environmental activist'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000219#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a stark contrast between environmental values and actual behavior; very few Indonesians engage in political or organized environmental activism, with only 18% donating to environmental groups and only 4% participating in boycotts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000219#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","deforestation","forest fire","sea level rise","extreme heat","water scarcity","indigenous people","land use","peatland","biofuel","Just Energy Transition Partnership","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Jakarta","Java","Borneo","Sumatra","East Nusa Tenggara","West Nusa Tenggara"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"trendas-000097","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/trendas-000097","title":"the-hijackers-of-the-energy-transition-d98e63b108dc9869.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Trend Asia","organization":"trend-asia"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/The-Hijackers-of-the-Energy-Transition.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that Indonesia's energy transition is being 'hijacked' by established conglomerates and politically connected elites who dominate the supply chain for biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants (PLTU). It highlights that while PT PLN aims to replace 5-10% of coal with wood biomass by 2025, the land requirements for this—estimated between 2.3 million and 3.9 million hectares—threaten massive deforestation and land grabbing. The document identifies several large groups, including Sinarmas, Medco, and Jhonlin, as key actors using 'shadow companies' or political ties to secure concessions, often leading to conflicts with indigenous and local communities. It further notes a lack of transparency in biomass sourcing, where sawdust from small-scale businesses is used instead of the planned wood pellets, bypassing legality checks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The land area required to sufficiently supply wood biomass for co-firing in coal-fired power plants is estimated at a minimum of 2.3 million hectares if lamtoro gung trees are planted, and up to 3.9 million hectares if acacia trees are used.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) aims to implement 10-percent biomass co-firing in 107 Coal-firing Power Plants across 52 locations by 2025 to increase the new and renewable energy (EBT) mix to 23 percent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Large conglomerates often use 'shadow companies' to hide beneficial ownership and evade legal repercussions or sustainability commitments. For example, PT Permata Nusa Mandiri is suspected to be linked to the Salim Group, and PT Muara Sungai Landak is linked to the Sinarmas Group despite the latter's denials.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The development of energy wood plantations (HTE) poses a significant deforestation risk; Trend Asia estimates that 35.3% of the total areas of 31 HTE concession areas, or 491 thousand hectares, are natural forest areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Biomass co-firing may create a 'carbon debt' where the carbon dioxide released during land clearing and biomass burning is not immediately absorbed by new plantations, with an estimated debt of 26.48 million tons of carbon emission.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Field monitoring at PLTU Rembang, PLTU Indramayu, and PLTU Adipala Cilacap revealed that plants are sourcing sawdust from small-scale woodworking businesses rather than the wood pellets specified in PLN's 2021-2030 Electricity Supply Business Plan.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The biomass supply chain lacks transparency and legality; many small-scale suppliers do not possess permits or labels from the Indonesian Timber Legality Assurance System (SVLk).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"HTE development has led to land conflicts and human rights issues, such as PT Selaras Inti Semesta (Medco Group) logging on Marind people's ulayat land in Papua and PT Sadhana Arifnusa (Sampoerna Group) conflicting with farming communities in West Nusa Tenggara.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"State-owned enterprises are heavily involved in biomass development, with Perhutani targeting 64 thousand hectares for biomass plantations and signing agreements with PLN to supply wood chips to PLTU Pelabuhan Ratu and PLTU Rembang.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Political connections facilitate the acquisition of forest permits. For instance, PT Usaha Tani Lestari is linked to politician Edi Yosfi, and PT Jhonlin Agro Mandiri is owned by Haji Isam, who has close ties to President Joko Widodo.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000097#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Cofiring","deforestation","energy transition","coal-fired power station","land grabbing","renewable energy","greenhouse gas emissions","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Papua","West Kalimantan","Central Kalimantan","West Nusa Tenggara","East Nusa Tenggara","Gorontalo","Java"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["corporate mapping","environmental impact assessment","policy critique"]},{"id":"trendas-000107","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/trendas-000107","title":"bersuara tiap hari","publisher":{"name":"Trend Asia","organization":"trend-asia"},"document_type":"guide","language":"id","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Zine-Bersuara-Tiap-Hari.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that Indonesia is facing a climate emergency, evidenced by record temperatures in Larantuka and high greenhouse gas emissions. It criticizes the government's continued investment in coal-fired power plants (PLTU), the use of biomass co-firing which leads to deforestation, and the environmental damage caused by nickel mining for electric vehicle batteries. The guide advocates for community-based renewable energy and provides a roadmap for individuals to reduce their carbon footprint and engage in collective political pressure to demand accountability from policymakers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000107#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Indonesia is among the top 10 global emitters of greenhouse gases as of 2023 due to a heavy dependence on coal and the degradation of forests and peatlands.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000107#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Indonesian government has set a record coal production target of 710 million tons this year and continues to build new coal-fired power plants (PLTU) instead of retiring existing ones.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000107#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government's use of biomass co-firing in 52 PLTUs is described as greenwashing, as it requires forest areas 35 times the size of DKI Jakarta, threatening over 1 million hectares of natural forest and indigenous communities in Mentawai, West Kalimantan, and South Papua.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000107#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Nickel mining for the energy transition and electric vehicle batteries has caused environmental destruction and social conflict, specifically citing the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP) and islands in eastern Indonesia like Halmahera.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000107#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community-based renewable energy initiatives, such as micro-hydro power plants (PLTMH) in Kasepuhan Ciptagelar (Sukabumi) and Batusanggan (Riau), are often ignored by the government in favor of large-scale projects like large hydroelectric dams (PLTA).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000107#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate crisis","greenhouse gas emissions","coal","coal-fired power station","energy transition","renewable energy","biomass","Cofiring","deforestation","nickel mining","hydroelectricity","greenwashing","climate justice"],"geography_discussed":["Larantuka","East Nusa Tenggara","Bali","Celukanbawang","Buleleng","Jakarta","Mentawai Islands","West Kalimantan","South Papua","Halmahera Island","Kasepuhan Ciptagelar","Sukabumi","Batusanggan","Riau"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy critique","advocacy guide"]}]}