{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Chile"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":1525,"relation":"eq"},"page":42,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Chile&page=42","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Chile&page=43","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iai-000930","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000930","title":"Informe de la Dirección Ejecutiva","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"es","date_published":"2019-04-12","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/iai-cop-27-20a-sp.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"The IAI Executive Directorate reports on its five-year communication plan to better integrate scientific data into policy. Key achievements include a MOOC reaching 10,000 participants, a significant increase in social media engagement, and collaborations with UN agencies (UNOSSC, UNFCCC) on publications regarding urban climate management and coastal loss and damage. The IAI also produced eight synthesis reports on regional environmental issues and held high-level events at COP-24 and the AGU Centennial.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000930#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The IAI's long-term communication strategy employs a flexible five-year action plan designed to align scientific research with policy needs. Key objectives include promoting the joint design of research between scientists and policymakers to address global change governance, providing timely data to Parties through forums and workshops at multilateral environmental agreement meetings, and increasing media presence through strategic alliances.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000930#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Between the 2018-2019 intersessional period, the Executive Directorate produced several communication assets to increase public awareness and fundraising, including eight project reports, two social media outreach campaigns, one outreach brochure, and a joint publication with the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000930#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI is collaborating with UNOSSC and the UNFCCC on publications focused on urban climate challenges. A publication scheduled for December 2019 will feature case studies from 10 cities globally on urban space management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve climate resilience governance, with contributions from municipal officials and scientists from Buenos Aires, Santiago, and São Paulo.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000930#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI is working with the UNFCCC's Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage and the Technology Executive Committee to produce a publication on technologies for avoiding and addressing losses and damages in coastal zones. This work incorporates findings from the Third Round of Cooperative Research Networks (CRN3) and is intended for distribution at COP-25 in Santiago, Chile, in December 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000930#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI has released eight project reports synthesizing CRN3 data on diverse environmental topics, including nitrogen management, tropical dry forests, human health in the Amazon rainforest, the state of American lakes and lagoons, water security in arid America, and the value of phytoplankton.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000930#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Digital outreach efforts have shown significant growth. An online interview series featuring IAI researchers became the third most visited page on the IAI website between March 8 and April 7, 2019. During a 28-day period, the IAI Executive Directorate's Twitter account saw a 216.6% increase in impressions and a 258.3% increase in mentions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000930#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI's massive open online course (MOOC) on climate change impacts in Latin America reached 10,000 registered participants by March 26, 2019. The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) and InforMEA have expressed interest in hosting the course on their platforms, though the IAI notes the need for technical and content updates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000930#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Montevideo","Uruguay","Buenos Aires","Santiago","São Paulo","Latin America and the Caribbean","Argentina","Chile","Katowice","Poland","Washington, D.C."],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"iai-000933","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000933","title":"Captación de fondos","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"es","date_published":"2019-04-11","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/iai-cop-27-21c-sp_0.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines efforts by the IAI Executive Directorate to implement a flexible financing mechanism for the Americas by encouraging national funding bodies to engage with the Belmont Forum's Cooperative Research Actions (CRA). Several Latin American and Caribbean entities have expressed interest in a CRA focused on food and climate security. The IAI is also exploring coordination between the Cooperative Research Networks (CRN4) program and other joint programming initiatives, including the SINCERE work package for international cooperation on climate change research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000933#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The IAI Executive Directorate is implementing Decision XXVI/42 by encouraging national scientific funding mechanisms to participate in the Belmont Forum's Cooperative Research Action (CRA) program.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000933#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Several national entities from Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama have expressed interest in participating in a CRA focused on food and climate security, which is considered particularly relevant for Latin America and the Caribbean.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000933#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI views the participation of national mechanisms in the CRA as a potential foundation for the development of a broader flexible financing mechanism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000933#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is seeking better coordination between the 4th round of the Cooperative Research Networks (CRN4) and current or future CRAs to increase funding opportunities and cooperation for regional researchers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000933#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is exploring collaboration between the European Union and IAI Parties through Joint Programming Initiatives, specifically the SINCERE work package aimed at strengthening international cooperation in climate change research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000933#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","food security","international cooperation"],"geography_discussed":["Brazil","Chile","Ecuador","Guatemala","Honduras","Panama","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy implementation update"]},{"id":"iai-000922","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000922","title":"Informe de la Dirección Ejecutiva Ciencia","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2019-04-10","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/iai-cop-27-16-sp.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details the conclusion of the CRN3 program, which involved 17 projects across 15 IAI Parties, and the launch of the SGP-HW program, which selected six projects focused on ecosystem services and human well-being. It also outlines the planning for the fourth round of Cooperative Research Networks (CRN4), emphasizing transdisciplinary research, regional priorities, and the pursuit of co-financing through entities like the Belmont Forum.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000922#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The third Cooperative Research Networks (CRN3) program facilitated cooperation between 90 research institutes across 15 of the 19 IAI Parties, consisting of 17 projects that addressed regional scientific themes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000922#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CRN3 significantly contributed to capacity building, involving 17 principal investigators and 103 secondary researchers, with 42% of the 120 principal investigators being early-career researchers and 29% being women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000922#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The SGP-HW program, focused on the role of ecosystem services in global change adaptation, selected six projects for funding after a process that included a proposal writing workshop for 104 researchers and stakeholders from 14 countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000922#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is developing the fourth round of Cooperative Research Networks (CRN4), which will prioritize national and regional issues and seek co-financing, potentially aligning with the Belmont Forum's Collaborative Research Action.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000922#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The CONICET-IAI research program in Argentina supported seven work plans to complement CRN3 activities, though funding gaps caused a temporary halt in activities between 2014 and 2018.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000922#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is implementing an Open Data Policy to provide open access to data and information generated by IAI-funded research, with the SGP-HW program being the first to require data management plans in its proposals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000922#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["ecosystem service","biodiversity","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","water security","food security","climate finance","capacity building"],"geography_discussed":["Argentina","Brazil","Canada","United States","Mexico","Chile","Colombia","Peru","Uruguay","Bolivia","Venezuela","Costa Rica","Paraguay","Ecuador","Jamaica","Barbados"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["program evaluation","administrative report"]},{"id":"iai-000929","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000929","title":"Report of the Directorate","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-04-10","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/iai-cop-27-20a-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The IAI Directorate's report details the implementation of the IAI Long-Term Communications Strategy and Plan, focusing on increasing public awareness and providing scientific data to policymakers. Key activities include joint publications with UN agencies, the development of project briefs on climate and environmental issues, and the use of social media and online courses to disseminate research findings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000929#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The IAI Long-Term Communications Strategy employs a flexible 5-year action plan designed to promote the co-design of scientific research between scientists and policymakers, increase media presence through strategic partnerships, and provide timely information to Parties via workshops, social media, and data sheets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000929#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The Directorate has collaborated with the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC) on several initiatives, including a March 2019 publication titled 'South and Triangular Cooperation on Climate Technologies, a Regional Perspectives' and a planned December 2019 publication focusing on urban space management and climate change across 10 global cities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000929#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"To synthesize information from the Third Round of Collaborative Research Networks (CRN3), the Directorate developed eight project briefs covering topics such as nitrogen management, tropical dry forests, the Western Amazonia, American lakes and lagoons, and rodent-borne diseases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000929#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Digital outreach efforts have shown significant growth, with an online Interview Series becoming the third most visited page on the IAI website between 8 March and 7 April 2019. This series contributed to a 216.6% increase in Twitter impressions and a 258.3% increase in mentions over a 28-day period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000929#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI's Massive Open Online Course on the Impacts of Climate Change in Latin America reached 10,000 registered participants by 26 March 2019, prompting interest from UNITAR and InforMEA to host the course on their platforms, though the Directorate noted the need for technical and material updates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000929#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","science communication","urban resilience","south-south cooperation","capacity building"],"geography_discussed":["Uruguay","Argentina","Chile","Buenos Aires","Santiago","São Paulo","Latin America and the Caribbean","Poland","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["Progress Report"]},{"id":"iai-000921","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000921","title":"Report of the IAI Directorate Science","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-04-09","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/iai-cop-27-16-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The IAI Directorate reports on the completion of the Third Collaborative Research Network (CRN3) program, which involved 17 projects across 15 IAI Parties and leveraged US$ 15.36 million in additional funding. The report details the transition toward the SGP-HW small grants program, which emphasizes transdisciplinary co-design with stakeholders and the implementation of an Open Data Policy. It also outlines the preliminary planning for the fourth iteration of the Collaborative Research Network (CRN4), recommending alignment with the Belmont Forum to secure co-funding and a focus on Party-driven priorities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000921#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Third Collaborative Research Network (CRN3) program involved 17 projects and 90 research institutions across 15 of the 19 IAI Parties, with all research activities completed by December 2018.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000921#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CRN3 projects leveraged US$ 15.36 million in additional funding beyond the IAI's contributions during year 6.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000921#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The CRN3 program contributed to regional capacity building, training 1,060 students (including 111 IAI scholarship recipients) and involving 120 Principal Investigators, 42% of whom were early career researchers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000921#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is developing cross-project synthesis products for the 2019-2020 period to assist public policy development, focusing on four themes: food security, water security, ocean health, and human health.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000921#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Small Grant Program on the role of ecosystem services in adaptation to global change for human wellbeing (SGP-HW) selected six projects for funding following a co-design workshop involving 104 researchers and stakeholders from 14 countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000921#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The SGP-HW program is the first to require data management plans from proposals, supporting the IAI's Open Data Policy and Principles adopted at CoP-26.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000921#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The upcoming fourth round of Collaborative Research Networks (CRN4) will be based on Party-driven priorities and is exploring alignment with the Belmont Forum Collaborative Research Action (CRA) to establish a flexible co-funding mechanism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000921#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["ecosystem service","biodiversity","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","water security","food security","human health","climate finance","capacity building"],"geography_discussed":["Brazil","Argentina","Bolivia","Chile","Mexico","United States","Venezuela","Canada","Costa Rica","Paraguay","Ecuador","Peru","Colombia","Uruguay","Jamaica","Barbados"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["program evaluation","progress report"]},{"id":"iai-000923","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000923","title":"Report of the Directorate Global Outreach and Cooperation","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-04-08","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/iai-cop-27-18-en_0.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The IAI Directorate implemented several initiatives between 2018 and 2019 to strengthen science-policy interfaces and regional cooperation. Key activities included signing a Memorandum of Understanding with IPBES, co-hosting a South-South Cooperation workshop on climate and sustainable development in Uruguay, and joining the Belmont Forum Steering Committee. The Directorate also explored becoming a Readiness Delivery Partner for the Green Climate Fund in Latin America and engaged with the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research on a new climate change initiative. Efforts to improve science communication included a social media campaign and discussions with the American Chemical Society and the Earth Journalism Network.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000923#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The IAI Directorate established formal collaborations with international bodies, including signing a Memorandum of Understanding with the Intergovernmental Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) in 2018 to support research, capacity-building, and scientific analysis for biodiversity and global change policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000923#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In August 2018, the IAI co-hosted a workshop in Montevideo, Uruguay, with the UNOSSC and UNFCCC focusing on South-South Cooperation for Climate and Sustainable Development Progress, specifically addressing global change challenges in urban areas of Latin America and the Caribbean.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000923#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is seeking to become a Readiness Delivery Partner for the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in Latin America to help strengthen institutional capacities of UNFCCC focal points and assist countries with adaptation planning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000923#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI joined the Steering Committee of the Belmont Forum in October 2018, aiming to influence funding initiatives for global change research and potentially establish a flexible funding mechanism for the Americas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000923#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Directorate is exploring a partnership with the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for a new initiative titled \"Climate Change and climate related natural risks\" to strengthen cross-continental cooperation and research in South America.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000923#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI engaged in science communication efforts, including the \"Science for Action\" digital campaign in December 2018 and discussions with the American Chemical Society to disseminate information on capacity building and STEM collaboration in Latin America and the Caribbean.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000923#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity","climate finance","decarbonization","climate resilience","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["Uruguay","Argentina","Chile","Brazil","United Kingdom","France","United States","South Korea","Poland","Egypt","Germany"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["activity report"]},{"id":"iai-000924","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000924","title":"Informe de la Dirección Ejecutiva Promoción y cooperación mundial","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2019-04-08","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/iai-cop-27-18-sp_3.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The IAI Executive Directorate reports on its 2018-2019 efforts to strengthen science-policy interfaces and international partnerships. Key activities include signing a Memorandum of Understanding with IPBES, collaborating with UNOSSC on South-South cooperation for urban climate resilience in South American megacities, and pursuing an Associate status with the Green Climate Fund. The IAI also joined the Belmont Forum Steering Committee and explored a cooperative research action on food security and climate change with France's National Research Agency, attracting interest from Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Additionally, the report details engagements with the IPCC, the European Commission, and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research to foster intercontinental cooperation on climate risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000924#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The IAI Executive Directorate signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) in 2018 to support research, capacity building, and the provision of scientific information for biodiversity and global change policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000924#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI, UNOSSC, and UNFCCC co-sponsored a South-South Cooperation workshop in Montevideo, Uruguay, on August 20, 2018, focusing on climate challenges in urban areas of Latin America and the Caribbean, specifically regarding decarbonization and climate-resilient governance in South American megacities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000924#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is seeking to become an Associate of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in Latin America and collaborated with the GCF to organize a side event during COP 24 in Katowice, Poland.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000924#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI joined the Belmont Forum Steering Committee in October 2018 to influence global change research funding and explore a flexible financing mechanism for the Americas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000924#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A Cooperative Research Action (CRA) proposal on Food Security and Climate Change, developed with the French National Research Agency (ANR) via the Belmont Forum, received expressions of interest from Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Honduras.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000924#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is collaborating with the UNFCCC Secretariat to develop a joint policy report on coastal zone technologies, focusing on reducing losses and damages and improving resilience for vulnerable populations, based on results from project IAI CRN3070 in southern South America.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000924#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI is engaging with the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as a potential regional partner for a new initiative titled \"Climate Change and Climate-Related Natural Hazards\" to strengthen intercontinental cooperation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000924#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI established a relationship with the American Chemical Society (ACS) to promote \"Chemistry for Sustainability\" and strengthen ACS chapters in Latin America and the Caribbean.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000924#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity","decarbonization","climate finance","food security","capacity building","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["Uruguay","Argentina","Brazil","Chile","United Kingdom","France","United States","South Korea","Poland","Egypt","Ecuador","Guatemala","Honduras","Germany"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["activity report","strategic review"]},{"id":"chanmar-000140","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/chanmar-000140","title":"Until the Seas Run Dry","publisher":{"name":"Changing Markets Foundation","organization":"changing-markets-foundation"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2019-04","source_url":"https://changingmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/EX-SUMMARY-UNTILL-THE-SEAS-DRY.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that industrial aquaculture is unsustainable due to its heavy reliance on wild-caught fish for feed, which threatens marine ecosystems, undermines food security in the Global South, and creates a massive animal welfare crisis. It highlights that nearly 20% of wild fish catches are processed into FMFO, often targeting keystone forage species and juveniles. The document criticizes the lack of transparency among aquafeed companies and the inadequacy of current certification schemes like the MSC and IFFO. To address these issues, it recommends a transition toward herbivorous species, alternative proteins like insects and algae, and stricter governance to eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000140#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Industrial aquaculture relies heavily on wild-caught fish, with nearly 20% of total global wild fish catches processed into fishmeal and fish-oil (FMFO), of which 69% of fishmeal and 75% of fish-oil are used to feed farmed fish.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000140#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The industry targets keystone forage fish (such as sardines, anchovies, mackerel, and herring) and crustaceans (krill), which are critical for transferring energy to higher trophic level predators. This exploitation risks localised population collapses and disrupts marine food webs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000140#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In East Asia, reduction fisheries are increasingly using juvenile fish and bycatch for feed, with estimates suggesting 3\u00136 million tonnes of low-value fish are used as direct feed, representing up to 50% of catches in China and Thailand.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000140#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of wild fish for FMFO threatens food security in West Africa and Southeast Asia, as 90% of the fish used in FMFO are food-grade or prime-food-grade and could be consumed directly by humans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000140#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major aquafeed producers, including Cargill, MOWI, BioMar, and Skretting, source ingredients from regions like West Africa and Latin America where fishmeal production is linked to pollution, corruption, and the destruction of coastal ecosystems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000140#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current aquaculture certification schemes are deemed problematic; the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is criticized for certifying fish not used for human consumption, while the Marine Ingredients Organisation (IFFO) is viewed as having a conflict of interest as both a standard-setter and industry representative.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000140#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The production of FMFO creates a significant animal welfare crisis, with approximately 0.5\u00131 trillion sentient forage fish caught annually to be reduced into ingredients.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000140#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Peru","People's Republic of China","Thailand","Vietnam","Chile","Senegal","The Gambia","Denmark","Norway","Germany","India"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental impact assessment","supply chain analysis","policy review"]},{"id":"chanmar-000262","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/chanmar-000262","title":"Until the Seas Run Dry","publisher":{"name":"Changing Markets Foundation","organization":"changing-markets-foundation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-04","source_url":"https://changingmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/REPORT-WEB-UNTILL-THE-SEAS-DRY.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that industrial aquaculture's reliance on fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO) is unsustainable, plundering marine ecosystems and undermining food security in the Global South. It highlights the exploitation of forage fish and 'trash fish', the lack of transparency among major aquafeed companies, and the failure of certification schemes to prevent the use of food-grade fish for animal feed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Industrial aquaculture relies heavily on reduction fisheries, with nearly 20% of all wild-caught fish landings processed into fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO). Of this production, 69% of fishmeal and 75% of fish oil are used to feed farmed fish.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The industry targets keystone forage fish (such as sardines, anchovies, mackerel, and herring) and crustaceans (krill), which are critical for transferring energy to higher trophic levels. Overfishing these species risks localised population collapses and disrupts marine food webs, affecting seabirds and marine mammals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Asia, particularly China and Thailand, the industry uses 'trash fish'—often consisting of juveniles and edible commercial species—as direct feed. In China, one-third of the annual domestic fisheries catch is comprised of 'trash fish', with 75% of sampled 'trash fish' being in the juvenile size range.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of FMFO undermines food security in vulnerable coastal regions, especially in West Africa and Southeast Asia, because approximately 90% of the fish used in reduction fisheries are food-grade and suitable for direct human consumption.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fishmeal production in West Africa, particularly in Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania, has led to pollution scandals, the contamination of waterways, and competition with local fishermen for small pelagic fish like round sardinella.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Peru is the world's leading producer of FMFO, primarily from the Peruvian anchoveta. The industry is linked to the destruction of coastal ecosystems, air and water pollution causing respiratory and skin diseases, and a 95% drop in bird numbers over half a century.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major aquafeed companies, including Cargill Aqua Nutrition/EWOS, Skretting, Mowi, and BioMar, often lack transparency regarding their sourcing. Research indicates some source from poorly managed fisheries in West Africa and Latin America despite sustainability claims.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current aquaculture certification schemes (such as ASC, GlobalG.A.P., and BAP) are criticised for allowing the use of wild-caught fish in feed. Many rely on IFFO RS, a standard set by the industry's own trade body, creating a conflict of interest.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The industry creates a massive animal welfare crisis, with an estimated 0.5 to 1 trillion forage fish caught annually for feed. These sentient animals suffer during capture, transport, and slaughter, which often involves asphyxiation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000262#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Peru","People's Republic of China","Senegal","The Gambia","Norway","Denmark","Chile","Vietnam","Thailand","Antarctica"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental impact assessment","supply chain analysis","policy review"]},{"id":"iisd-002180","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002180","title":"Sustainability and Second Life: Integrating the circular economy into the cobalt and lithium supply chains","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2019-03-27","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/sustainability-second-life-brochure.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The fact sheet highlights how recycling cobalt and lithium from end-of-life products, particularly electric vehicle batteries, can mitigate supply shortages, reduce environmental degradation, and support Sustainable Development Goals by decoupling economic growth from finite resource consumption.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002180#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The supply of cobalt and lithium, which are critical for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and other green energy technologies, is threatened by potential supply shortages, price volatility, and unsustainable extraction processes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002180#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Integrating a circular economy through recycling, reuse, and remanufacturing can address supply chain vulnerabilities. Specifically, approximately 1.2 million electric vehicle batteries are projected to reach the end of their first-life by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002180#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mineral recycling supports several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by reducing waste and chemical mismanagement, stabilizing the supply of materials for climate mitigation technologies, and fostering industrial innovation for resource-use efficiency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002180#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Increasing the recycling of cobalt and lithium can improve socioeconomic outcomes by creating more sustainable jobs than waste disposal operations and reducing the pressure on conflict-affected and high-risk areas (CAHRAs) associated with mining.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002180#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["circular economy","electric vehicle","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["Democratic Republic of the Congo","Australia","Chile"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","supply chain analysis"]},{"id":"iai-000943","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000943","title":"Approval of the Report of the 26th meeting of the Conference of the Parties","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-03-11","source_url":"http://www.iai.int/pdf/en/iai-cop-27-3-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This document is a report on the 26th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP-26) to the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held in Antigua, Guatemala, from 20 to 21 June 2018. It details the proceedings, administrative and financial discussions, and the adoption of 45 decisions concerning the IAI's strategic plan, funding, science-policy initiatives, and organizational structure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Conference of the Parties (CoP-26) adopted 45 Decisions during its meeting in Antigua, Guatemala, from 20 to 21 June 2018.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI Directorate reported a critical funding shortage, noting that as of April 2018, contributions represented only 52% of expected Party contributions, a level described as \"unsustainable to the operations of the IAI Directorate in the long-term.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"To address financial instability, the IAI is pursuing a long-term funding strategy that includes seeking non-traditional donors from the private sector and the potential establishment of an endowment fund of approximately USD 100,000,000.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The CoP decided to merge the IAI's Science Development Directorate and Science-Policy Liaison Directorate into an Integrated Operations and Finance Directorate based in Montevideo, Uruguay, to increase cost-effectiveness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI is drafting a new Strategic Plan to be presented at CoP-27, with an outline due three months and a first draft due five months after the closure of CoP-26.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI adopted an Open Data policy and principles to provide open access to data and information generated by IAI-funded research, while noting the need for prior and informed consent for data from indigenous peoples.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The CoP encouraged the invitation of three organizations to become Associates of the Institute: Rede Clima, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and Future Earth.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI Directorate successfully submitted an Expression of Interest to host the Secretariat of the Belmont Forum in Uruguay.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The IAI is expanding its science-policy capacity, including the establishment of a new science-policy post funded by the United States and a proposal for USD 1,500,000 to support decarbonization and climate resilient governance in South American megacities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Capacity building efforts include the São Paulo Schools of Advanced Science, which have supported over 300 young scientists from more than 40 countries with funding exceeding USD 500,000 from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000943#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","science-policy interface","capacity building","global change research","open data"],"geography_discussed":["Montevideo","Uruguay","Brazil","Canada","Chile","Costa Rica","Dominican Republic","Ecuador","Mexico","Panama","Peru","United States","Argentina","Cancun"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["administrative report","policy document"]},{"id":"client-000363","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/client-000363","title":"Financial Risks from Coal Underwriting and Investment","publisher":{"name":"ClientEarth","organization":"clientearth"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2019-03-04","source_url":"https://www.clientearth.org/media/4jcfpcee/clientearth-letter-to-lloyds-of-london-on-adani-carmichael-mine-ce-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"ClientEarth argues that Lloyd's of London's current risk management is inadequate regarding coal assets, noting that its Coal Exclusion Policy only covers 2.5% of assets. The letter highlights the Carmichael coalmine as a high-risk project due to potential stranded asset risks and a lack of a 'social licence to operate', which could lead to significant insurance claims. ClientEarth asserts that continuing to enable coal undermines the insurance business model by fueling climate-driven natural catastrophes, and calls for public disclosure of risk management criteria.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000363#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"ClientEarth contends that the Coal Exclusion Policy for the Lloyd's Central Fund is insufficient because the fund represents only \"about 2.5% of the assets at Lloyd's\", leaving over 97.5% of the \"chain of security\" potentially exposed to coal-related risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000363#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document alleges that Lloyd's has failed to meet legal disclosure requirements, noting that its Solvency and Financial Condition Report (SFCR) as of 31 December 2017 \"made no mention of the risks from coal, or climate change more generally.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000363#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal","climate change","insurance","stranded asset","risk management","Carbon lock-in"],"geography_discussed":["Australia","United Kingdom","India","California","Chile"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","financial risk assessment"]},{"id":"iisd-001744","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001744","title":"Local Content Policies in the Mining Sector: Scaling up local procurement","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-03","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/local-content-policies-mining.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines local content policies (LCPs) in the mining sector, specifically focusing on local procurement. It details how 'local' is defined through geography, value addition, and ownership, and outlines various demand-side and supply-side policy options. The document emphasizes that for these policies to succeed, they must be supported by pre-conditions such as capacity analysis, a conducive business climate, and strong monitoring and enforcement mechanisms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001744#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Governments implement local procurement policies to address fiscal crises following commodity downturns, advance strategic visions like the Africa Mining Vision (AMV) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and respond to public unrest regarding the 'resource curse'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001744#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The definition of 'local' typically relies on three criteria: geography (location of the supplier), value addition (the proportion of processing performed in-country), and ownership (participation of nationals in equity, management, or employment).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001744#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Demand-side policy options include mandated percentages of local sourcing, targeted lists of goods and services (as seen in Ghana), requirements for local procurement plans, tax preferences, and Community Development Agreements (CDAs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001744#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Supply-side policy options focus on enhancing the capacity of local firms through technology transfer requirements, R&D spending mandates, Supplier Development Programs (SDPs), improved access to finance, and the creation of supplier portals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001744#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Successful implementation of local procurement policies requires several pre-conditions, including a detailed analysis of local supplier capacity, a conducive business climate, time-bound measures to avoid dependency, and robust anti-corruption governance to prevent 'fronting'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001744#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific national examples illustrate diverse ownership and value-add criteria: South Africa's 2018 Mining Charter mandates specific spending percentages for historically disadvantaged persons and women/youth-owned companies, while Kazakhstan requires a CT-KZ certificate to prove substantial local processing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001744#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["mining industry","supply chain","economic diversity","technology transfer","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["Ghana","South Africa","Canada","Australia","Mongolia","Zambia","Kazakhstan","Botswana","Namibia","Indonesia","Senegal","Argentina","Norway","Sweden","Finland","Chile","Peru","Liberia","Ontario"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","case study"]},{"id":"iisd-003576","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003576","title":"Sustainability and Second Life: The case for cobalt and lithium recycling","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-03","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/sustainability-second-life-cobalt-lithium-recycling.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that while cobalt and lithium are critical for the low-carbon transition, their current recycling rates are low—specifically less than 5% for lithium-ion batteries. It identifies barriers across the primary supply chain (such as conflict and child labour in the DRC), the recycling chain (inefficient collection and technical challenges), and regulatory environments (inapt definitions and ambiguous liability). The authors recommend enhancing eco-design, raising consumer awareness to reduce 'hibernation' of electronics, and updating regulatory frameworks to include clear definitions and meaningful recycling targets to support the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the circular economy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Current recycling rates for cobalt and lithium are low, with less than 5 per cent of lithium-ion end-of-life batteries being recycled today.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Cobalt and lithium demand is expected to rise significantly due to the electric vehicle (EV) market, with projections of increases by more than 60 and 300 per cent, respectively, between 2017 and 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Primary supply chains for these minerals face severe ethical and stability risks, including child labour, conflict, and corruption in the Democratic Republic of Congo for cobalt, and water scarcity and land rights conflicts in the 'Lithium Triangle' (Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant barrier to recycling is 'hibernation,' where consumers keep unused electronics in storage rather than recycling them; for example, a UK study found phones were used for less than two years before hibernating for three.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many current lithium-ion battery recycling processes are economically unviable for lithium recovery, often bypassing the mineral to mitigate costs and focusing only on cobalt or nickel.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Product design often hinders mineral recovery, as permanent assembly methods like spot-welding make dismantling difficult and costly.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regulatory barriers include outdated definitions of waste and recycling, such as those in the UN Basel Convention, which can inhibit the later use of materials by classifying them simply as 'waste'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Existing recycling targets, such as those in the EU Batteries Directive, are often too low or based on chemistry rather than application, which disincentivizes the recovery of minerals like lithium.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Increased mineral recycling could directly support several UN Sustainable Development Goals, specifically SDGs 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, and 16, by reducing reliance on finite resources and creating jobs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003576#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["circular economy","electric vehicle","critical minerals","Sustainable Development Goals","Global supply chain governance"],"geography_discussed":["Democratic Republic of the Congo","Australia","Chile","European Union","Canada","United States","People's Republic of China","Sweden","United Kingdom","Bolivia","Argentina"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","supply chain assessment","stakeholder consultation"]},{"id":"iisd-002174","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002174","title":"Survey on Developing Country Investment Treaty Negotiations","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-02","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/survey-investment-negotiations-2018.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details how developing countries approach investment treaty negotiations, highlighting a trend toward renegotiating outdated agreements and the use of model treaties. It identifies the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and investment authorities as the primary leads in negotiations and provides a detailed mapping of ratification processes across various nations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002174#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of surveyed countries are actively negotiating new investment treaties, while a significant portion are renegotiating or terminating existing ones due to loopholes, imbalances, or outdated models.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002174#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Experience with treaty-based investment disputes has led some governments to adopt more cautious approaches, including freezing the ratification of BITs or implementing constitutional language to avoid extra-regional arbitration tribunals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002174#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and investment authorities are the most common lead agencies for investment treaty negotiations, though trade ministries play a more prominent role when negotiating investment chapters within broader trade agreements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002174#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ratification processes vary widely by country, typically involving a combination of executive approval, parliamentary vote, and head-of-state signature, with some countries like the Dominican Republic requiring a 'constitutionality test'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002174#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Algeria","Angola","Argentina","Bangladesh","Benin","Bolivia","Brazil","Burkina Faso","Burundi","Cambodia","Cameroon","Chad","Chile","Colombia","Ivory Coast","Djibouti","Dominica","Dominican Republic","Ecuador","Ethiopia","The Gambia","Ghana","Indonesia","Jamaica","Kenya","Laos","Liberia","Madagascar","Mali","Montserrat","Mozambique","Myanmar","Namibia","Niger","Nigeria","Peru","Philippines","Rwanda","São Tomé and Príncipe","Sudan","Trinidad and Tobago","Tunisia","Uganda","Uruguay","Venezuela","Zambia","Zimbabwe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["survey"]},{"id":"sei-001388","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001388","title":"GMET in Bolivia: building gridded climate datasets for water resource studies","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2019-02","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/gmet-in-bolivia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), in collaboration with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Bolivian partners, applied the Gridded Meteorological Ensemble Tool (GMET) to generate daily climate grids for Bolivia and parts of neighbouring countries from 1980 to 2016. Using a database of over 400 stations, the project demonstrated GMET's ability to incorporate prediction errors and uncertainty into spatial precipitation and temperature data, though it found that satellite-based data remained necessary to fill gaps in data-sparse regions. The project included a technology transfer to train local experts and the release of the tool as open-source software.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001388#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Gridded Meteorological Ensemble Tool (GMET) addresses the challenge of sparse and unevenly distributed meteorological stations by creating continuous gridded products that incorporate data and prediction errors into the analysis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001388#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In its first application outside the US, GMET used a database of more than 400 stations to produce daily climate grids for Bolivia and parts of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru for the period 1980–2016.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001388#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The application of GMET in Bolivia showed that while the tool realistically represents spatial patterns and quantity in areas with sufficient station density, satellite-based data is still required to fill gaps in data-sparse regions to complete water balance calculations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001388#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project focused on local capacity building and technology transfer, training Bolivian experts via the Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics (LFA) to use R software and Linux to run and update the open-source GMET tool.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001388#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["precipitation","temperature"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Peru","Brazil","Paraguay","Argentina","Chile"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","technology transfer"]},{"id":"iisd-002549","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002549","title":"Selepas Bahan Bakar Fosil: Transisi fiskal Indonesia","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"id","date_published":"2019-01","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/beyond-fossil-fuels-indonesia-fiscal-transition-bahasa.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Indonesia has successfully reduced its fiscal reliance on oil and gas production, but continues to struggle with inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that benefit wealthy households and hinder the growth of renewable energy. While the government has diversified its economy into manufacturing and finance, contradictory policies—such as maintaining price caps on fuels and prioritizing coal for electrification—create risks of stranded assets and environmental degradation. The report argues for the complete removal of fossil fuel subsidies, the implementation of consumption-based energy taxes, and the strategic investment of resource rents into social safety nets and renewable energy infrastructure to ensure a just transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002549#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Indonesia's fiscal dependence on upstream oil and gas production decreased significantly from 35% of total government revenue (7% of GDP) in 2001 to 6% (less than 1% of GDP) by 2016.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002549#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Between 2014 and 2016, the average annual government revenue from fossil fuel production (Rp 190 trillion or USD 16 billion) was roughly equal to the average annual subsidies provided for fuel and electricity consumption.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002549#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fossil fuel subsidies in Indonesia are regressive and inefficient, disproportionately benefiting the wealthiest 20% of the population, whose share of subsidies increased from 44% in 2004 to 50% in 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002549#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesia faces a significant risk of stranded assets, with estimates suggesting between USD 200 billion and USD 300 billion in fossil fuel assets are at risk, primarily concentrated in the upstream sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002549#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government's target to increase the share of new and renewable energy (EBT) in the national energy mix from 7% in 2015 to 23% by 2025 has faced difficulties due to land permit issues, opposition from coal suppliers, and a lack of fiscal incentives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002549#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 2015 removal of fuel subsidies resulted in savings of Rp 211 trillion (USD 15.6 billion), which were reallocated toward social safety nets, infrastructure, and village funds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002549#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesia's consumption taxes on fuel (VAT and motor vehicle fuel taxes) are insufficient, generating only about one-third of the value of the fuel and electricity subsidies during the 2014-2016 period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002549#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regional governments in Bojonegoro and Musi Banyuasin have implemented Sovereign Wealth Fund models to manage oil and gas resource rents for sustainable spending.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002549#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel subsidy","energy transition","renewable energy","stranded asset","fiscal policy","carbon dioxide emissions","coal power","geothermal energy","solar energy","wind energy","climate finance","just transition"],"geography_discussed":["Bojonegoro","Musi Banyuasin","Aceh","Norway","Chile","People's Republic of China","India","Europe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["fiscal analysis","policy assessment","economic trend analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000641","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000641","title":"The IPCC’s Special Report on Climate Change and Land What’s in it for Latin America?","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2019","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/IPCC-Land_Latin-America_WEB_20Nov2019.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the reciprocal relationship between climate change and land in Latin America, highlighting how land degradation and desertification threaten livelihoods and food security. It advocates for sustainable land management, integrated governance, and gender-equitable policies to enhance resilience and achieve climate goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change is altering land-based ecosystems in Latin America, including shifts in climate zones observed in Northeast Brazil and southern Argentina, and increased frequency and intensity of drought in Amazonia and Northeast Brazil.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Land conditions in South America influence regional climates through 'moisture recycling', where forests release water vapour that supports rainfall downwind; consequently, deforestation can decrease rainfall in these areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Amazonian deforestation over the last 30 years has likely caused forested land to transition from being a carbon sink to a net carbon source.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is negatively impacting agricultural productivity in the region, with evidence of affected crop yields in Colomi, Bolivia, and increased yield variability for maize and soybeans in Argentina.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Desertification poses significant economic and infrastructure risks in Latin America, costing between 8% and 14% of gross agricultural product in many countries and reducing the performance of solar power modules in Chile's Atacama Desert by nearly 19% due to dust.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sustainable land management (SLM) is economically viable, with one study showing 97% of SLM projects had positive or very positive cost-benefit ratios in the long term.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender inequality and insecure property rights hinder progress in sustainable land management, as women often lack access to credit, agricultural advisory services, and land ownership.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Integrated governance across sectors and scales is necessary to manage competing land interests and maximise the co-benefits of development and climate action, particularly at national, river basin, and ecosystem levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Over-reliance on land-based mitigation, such as large-scale bioenergy production, can increase competition for land and jeopardise food security and biodiversity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000641#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["land degradation","desertification","food security","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","Sustainable land management","agroforestry","carbon sink","carbon sequestration","bioenergy","bio-energy with carbon capture and storage","gender equality","land tenure","water management","biodiversity loss"],"geography_discussed":["Brazil","Argentina","Bolivia","Chile","Costa Rica","Peru","Amazon rainforest","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy guide","regional synthesis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000643","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000643","title":"El Informe Especial del IPCC sobre el océano y la criósfera en un clima cambiante","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"guide","language":"es","date_published":"2019","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/IPCC-Ocean_Latin-America_Spanish_WEB_24April2020.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details how human-induced climate change is altering ocean chemistry and temperature, accelerating sea-level rise, and melting high-mountain glaciers in Latin America. It emphasizes that while some changes are inevitable, urgent mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is the primary way to limit future damage. The guide highlights the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems and high-mountain communities, arguing that early investment in disaster risk reduction and integrated governance is more cost-effective than future recovery.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Human activity has caused global average temperatures to rise 1°C above pre-industrial levels, with projections reaching 1.6°C–4.3°C by 2100 depending on emission reductions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The oceans have absorbed over 90% of the excess heat in the climate system, leading to a doubling in the frequency of marine heatwaves since 1982 and increased acidification due to the absorption of 20% to 30% of human-induced carbon dioxide emissions since the 1980s.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is negatively impacting marine life, causing mass coral bleaching and shifting species distributions. In the Eastern Pacific, the Humboldt Current—valued at US $19.45 billion annually—is becoming more acidic and deoxygenated, which threatens fisheries and aquaculture.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global sea levels are rising at a rate of 3.6 mm per year, double the rate of the 20th century. By 2100, levels could rise between 29–59 cm under low-emission scenarios and 61–110 cm under high-emission scenarios, creating 'coastal squeeze' for ecosystems like mangroves and salt marshes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Tropical Andes, most glaciers have already passed their peak annual and summer runoff levels, and small glaciers are projected to lose 80% of their current ice mass by 2100 under high-emission scenarios, threatening water security for agriculture and hydroelectric power.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate-related hazards in high mountains are increasing, including a higher frequency of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), landslides, and snow avalanches due to unstable slopes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Investment in disaster risk reduction is highly cost-effective; globally, every dollar invested in risk reduction is estimated to save US $2-4 in recovery costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coastal adaptation options range from 'hard' infrastructure (seawalls) to 'nature-based' solutions (restoring mangroves and coral reefs). While nature-based solutions provide co-benefits like carbon sequestration, their long-term effectiveness is limited by the degree of global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change interacts with social inequalities to create compound risks. In Mexico's Coyuca de Benítez, women act as primary caregivers during disasters but have limited access to formal education and decision-making processes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Urban centers like Lima, Peru, are at extreme risk because 75% of their water supply depends on rapidly disappearing glaciers in the high Andes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000643#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["ocean acidification","sea level rise","glacial melting","cryosphere","marine heatwave","nature-based solutions","disaster risk reduction","climate migration","water security","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Peru","Chile","Ecuador","Colombia","Guatemala","Mexico","Coyuca de Benítez","Lima","Argentina","Buenos Aires","Uruguay"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","policy guide","risk analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000646","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000646","title":"The IPCC’s Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate What’s in it for Latin America?","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2019","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/IPCC-Oceans-Latin-America_WEB_0.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines the impacts of human-induced climate change on the oceans and cryosphere in Latin America, focusing on ocean acidification, sea level rise, and the melting of Andean glaciers. It emphasizes that while some changes are inevitable, urgent mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and early investment in adaptation—such as nature-based solutions and improved disaster risk governance—can significantly reduce future costs and risks to human societies and ecosystems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Human-induced climate change is altering ocean chemistry and temperature, with the oceans absorbing more than 90% of the excess heat in the climate system and 20% to 30% of carbon dioxide emissions since the 1980s, leading to increased acidification.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ocean warming and acidification are destroying coral reefs and threatening other fragile ecosystems like seagrass meadows and kelp forests, which are at very high risk even if global warming is limited to 1.5°C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Humboldt Current, a rich ecosystem providing an estimated US$19.45 billion in annual economic value, is becoming more acidic and deoxygenated, which threatens fisheries and aquaculture in Chile, Peru, and Ecuador.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global sea levels are rising at 3.6 mm per year, twice the rate of the 20th century, creating a 'coastal squeeze' where built environments and rising seas trap and degrade ecosystems like mangroves and coastal wetlands.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the tropical Andes, most glaciers have already passed their 'peak levels' of runoff, and small glaciers are projected to lose 80% of their ice mass by 2100 under high emission scenarios, impacting hydropower and agriculture.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The melting cryosphere in the Andes increases natural hazards, including landslides and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), while releasing heavy metals like mercury into water sources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Early investment in disaster risk reduction is more cost-effective than recovery; globally, every dollar invested in preparation is estimated to save US$2–4 in recovery costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coastal adaptation options range from 'hard' engineered infrastructure to 'green' ecosystem-based adaptation; however, nature-based solutions like 'blue carbon' ecosystems (mangroves, seagrasses) may hit their limits if global warming is too high.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate-related hazards often combine with unsustainable human activities—such as pollution and overfishing—to create compound risks and cascading impacts, such as increased harmful algal blooms in estuaries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective governance must be integrated across scales and address social inequalities, as vulnerable groups, particularly women in coastal areas, often bear disproportionate burdens during climate disasters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000646#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["ocean acidification","sea level rise","cryosphere","glacial melting","marine heatwave","ecosystem-based adaptation","disaster risk reduction","climate finance","climate justice","coral bleaching"],"geography_discussed":["Andes","Peru","Chile","Ecuador","Colombia","Mexico","Argentina","Uruguay","Guatemala","Lima","Coyuca de Benítez","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","policy guide","adaptation strategy"]}]}