{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Baja California Sur"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'Baja California Sur' for facet 'geography' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":6,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Baja+California+Sur","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"roots-000004","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/roots-000004","title":"\"Atlanticazo\" in Las Grutas - January 4, 2024 PH","publisher":{"name":"Roots","organization":"roots"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2025-11","source_url":"https://poweredbyroots.org/media/pages/highlights/fellowship-for-countering-disinformation/a32f341d93-1762968918/mexico-case-study.docx.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes disinformation surrounding the Saguaro Project, finding that a significant portion of content on Facebook (43%) and YouTube (39%) used misleading narratives to frame the fossil gas project as a climate solution and driver of economic growth. Government accounts and media outlets were primary sources of this content, often employing 'transition fuel' rhetoric to legitimize the project despite its environmental impacts and legal challenges.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"roots-000004#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"On Facebook, 43% of the 134 analyzed posts contained disinforming narratives, which were predominantly misleading and delay-oriented. These posts focused on job creation, economic benefits, and the energy transition, with government accounts being the primary source at 48%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"roots-000004#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"On YouTube, 39% of the 120 analyzed videos contained disinformation, with 82% of those being misleading. These narratives emphasized energy security, emissions reductions, and clean energy, with 79% of the framing focused on economic consequences.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"roots-000004#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A strategic communication effort across both platforms sought to legitimize the Saguaro Project as a climate solution and part of the energy transition, despite the project's reliance on fossil fuels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"roots-000004#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Saguaro Project involves a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal in Puerto Libertad, Sonora, with a capacity of 15 million tons per year, and the 800 km Sierra Madre Pipeline crossing 16 municipalities in Chihuahua and Sonora.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"roots-000004#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Whales or Gas' campaign, comprising over 30 civil society and environmental organizations, created a counter-narrative highlighting risks to marine ecosystems, such as whale collisions and noise pollution.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"roots-000004#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project has faced significant legal and administrative hurdles, including amparo lawsuits that halted construction and a March 2025 report from Semarnat stating that the current administration had not issued environmental authorization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"roots-000004#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["natural gas","liquefied natural gas","energy transition","climate change disinformation","methane emissions","greenwashing","environmental impact assessment"],"geography_discussed":["Baja California Sur","Baja California"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","qualitative analysis","social media monitoring"]},{"id":"iai-000006","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000006","title":"Paleotempestología de la región caribeña: un estudio multi-proxy de la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la actividad de los huracanes en el Caribe en múltiples sitios","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"es","date_published":"2024-10-17","source_url":"https://iai.int/es/paleotempestologia-de-la-region-caribena-un-estudio-multi-proxy-de-la-variabilidad-espacial-y-temporal-de-la-actividad-de-los-huracanes-en-el-caribe-en-multiples-sitios-sgp-cra-2050/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The project utilizes paleotempestology—analyzing sediment cores from lagoons, stalagmite isotopic records, tree rings, and corals—to reconstruct past tropical cyclone activity. Key findings indicate that higher sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic correlate with increased hurricane activity, with notable peaks during the Medieval Warm Period (AD 900-1100) and since 1980. The research also identifies an inverse phase relationship in hurricane landfalls between Central America, the Eastern Caribbean, and the US East Coast, suggesting that the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and tropical anticyclones are critical drivers of coastal risk. Additionally, the study expanded its scope to the Pacific coast of Mexico, identifying an extreme event in Baja California Sur approximately 500 years ago.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000006#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A coral-based proxy record of Atlantic sea surface temperatures from AD 1552 to 1991 demonstrates that periods of higher hurricane activity before 1550 and after 1750 coincide with higher sea surface temperatures, while cooler temperatures correlate with fewer storms in the Caribbean.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000006#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Hurricane activity in the Caribbean is influenced by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with peaks in activity occurring during the Medieval Warm Period (AD 900-1100) and again starting in 1980, linked to higher sea surface temperatures and La Niña-like conditions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000006#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proxy records from Belize and Nicaragua suggest an inverse phase relationship in hurricane landfalls between Central America, the Eastern Caribbean, and the US East Coast, indicating that the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the tropical anticyclone are significant factors in Western Atlantic coastal risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000006#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Low-Level Jet (IALLJ) dominates air mass circulation in the Intra-American sea and critically affects sea surface temperature and moisture advection, which are key factors for hurricane intensity and storm damage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000006#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sedimentary evidence from Laguna La Poza in Baja California Sur, Mexico, indicates an extreme event occurred approximately 500 years ago.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000006#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["hurricane","tropical cyclone","sea surface temperature"],"geography_discussed":["Baja California Sur","Nicaragua","Belize"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["multi-proxy study","historical reconstruction","climate modeling"]},{"id":"iai-000128","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000128","title":"Paleotempestologia de la region caribena: un estudio multi-proxy de la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la actividad de los huracanes en el caribe en multiples sitios","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2024-10-17","source_url":"https://iai.int/en/paleotempestologia-de-la-region-caribena-un-estudio-multi-proxy-de-la-variabilidad-espacial-y-temporal-de-la-actividad-de-los-huracanes-en-el-caribe-en-multiples-sitios-sgp-cra-2050/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The project utilizes paleotempestology—analyzing coastal lagoon sediments, stalagmites, tree-rings, and corals—to reconstruct past hurricane activity in the Caribbean and Mexico. Key findings link increased hurricane activity to warmer sea surface temperatures and specific climate patterns like the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The research identifies peaks in activity during the Medieval period (AD 900-1100) and since 1980, while also noting an anti-phase relationship in landfall activity between Central America and the eastern Caribbean/U.S. East coast. Additionally, the study assesses coastal vulnerability in the U.S., noting millions of people live in low-elevation areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000128#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A coral-based proxy record of Atlantic sea surface temperatures from AD 1552-1991 indicates that warmer sea surfaces coincide with higher hurricane activity, specifically before 1550 and after 1750, while cooler surfaces correlate with fewer Caribbean storms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000128#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Hurricane activity in the Caribbean is influenced by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with peaks occurring during the Medieval period (AD 900-1100) and from 1980 onwards, driven by warmer sea surface temperatures and La Niña-like conditions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000128#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proxy records from Belize and Nicaragua suggest an anti-phase relationship in hurricane landfalls between Central America and the U.S. East coast/eastern Caribbean, likely caused by changes in steering patterns and the positions of the subtropical anticyclone and the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000128#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of the Low-Level Jet (IALLJ) in the Intra-Americas Sea shows it significantly impacts moisture advection and sea surface temperatures, which are critical for the strength and damage of hurricanes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000128#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Demographic data from 2006 indicate that in the conterminous U.S., approximately 19 million people reside in vulnerable areas within 1 km of the coast, and 12 million live in areas with an elevation of three meters or less.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000128#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["hurricane","sea surface temperature","La Niña","sea level rise"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Nicaragua","Belize","Baja California Sur"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["proxy data analysis","climate modeling","demographic analysis"]},{"id":"ciel-000249","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-000249","title":"Joint application seeking authorization for the Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Puerto Chale S.C.L. and the Center for International Environmental Law to act as amicus curiae in Arbitration proceedings Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. v. United Mexican States (ICSID Case No. UNCT/20/1)","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"legal commentary","language":"en","date_published":"2021-10-12","source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Amicus-Curiae-application-for-leave-and-submission-of-CIEL-and-the-Cooperativa-Puerto-Chale-2.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document is an amicus curiae application and submission in the case of Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. v. United Mexican States. The applicants argue that the Don Diego Project, which involves dredging 91 thousand hectares of the Gulf of Ulloa seabed to extract phosphate rock, would cause irreversible ecological damage and violate human rights. They contend that the Mexican State's decision to deny the environmental permit is supported by the precautionary principle and obligations under UNCLOS, the Rio Declaration, and various human rights treaties, including the ICESCR and the American Convention on Human Rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000249#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Don Diego Project involves dredging 91 thousand hectares of the Gulf of Ulloa seabed to extract 7 million tonnes of sand and phosphate rock annually over a 50-year period, operating 24 hours a day, seven days a week.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000249#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project area overlaps with a fishing refuge zone established on 10 April 2015 and a fishing concession granted to the Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Puerto Chale S.C.L. that is valid until 2035.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000249#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Seabed mining in the Gulf of Ulloa poses risks of irreversible biodiversity loss, specifically threatening marine mammals such as humpback, Bryde's, and gray whales, as well as loggerhead sea turtles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000249#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The submission asserts that approving the project would violate the human right to work and the right to take part in cultural life for the local fishing communities who have operated in the region for over 60 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000249#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The applicants claim that the project would violate the right to health and the right to a healthy environment by introducing toxic and radioactive emissions into the marine ecosystem.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000249#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document notes a global trend of caution toward seabed mining, citing a 2021 IUCN World Conservation Congress motion for a moratorium and a total ban on seabed mining in the Northern Territory of Australia as of 4 August 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000249#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Australia","New Zealand","Namibia","Pacific Islands"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["legal commentary","amicus curiae submission"]},{"id":"ciel-000250","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-000250","title":"Solicitud conjunta de autorización de la Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Puerto Chale S.C.L. y del Center for International Environmental Law para proceder como amicus curiae en el caso de arbitraje Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. c. los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (Caso CIADI No. UNCT/20/1)","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"legal commentary","language":"es","date_published":"2021-10-12","source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Amicus-Curiae-solicitud-de-autorización-y-escrito-de-CIEL-y-la-Cooperativa-Puerto-Chale.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The amicus curiae brief argues that the Mexican state was obligated to deny the environmental permit for the Don Diego project due to severe risks to the marine ecosystem of the Golfo de Ulloa and the human rights of local fishing communities. The authors contend that the project, which involves dredging 91,000 hectares of the seabed to extract 7 million tons of phosphate rock annually, would cause irreversible biodiversity loss and contaminate the area with radioactive elements like uranium and thorium. They assert that the precautionary principle and international treaties—including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the American Convention on Human Rights—mandate the protection of the environment and the right to work and health for the 128 families of the Puerto Chale Cooperative and other regional residents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Don Diego project involves dredging 91,000 hectares of the seabed in the Golfo de Ulloa to extract 7 million tons of phosphate rock and sand annually over a 50-year period, operating 24 hours a day, seven days a week.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project area overlaps with a designated fishing refuge zone and the specific fishing concession of the Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Puerto Chale S.C.L., which is valid until 2035.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Seabed mining for phosphate poses a risk of radioactive contamination from elements such as uranium and thorium, which could enter the air and marine ecosystem, threatening human health through inhalation or consumption of contaminated fish.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project threatens critical marine biodiversity, including species under special protection or endangered, such as Humpback, Bryde's, and Gray whales, as well as the loggerhead sea turtle.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors argue that the precautionary principle requires states to take preventive measures when there is scientific uncertainty regarding grave or irreversible environmental damage, and that this principle justifies Mexico's denial of the permit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project would violate the human rights of the Golfo de Ulloa residents, specifically the right to work, the right to participate in cultural life (as fishing is a traditional way of life), and the right to health and a healthy environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The brief highlights a global trend of caution regarding seabed mining, noting that countries like New Zealand and Australia have implemented moratoria or total prohibitions due to environmental uncertainty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IUCN World Conservation Congress approved a motion on September 8, 2021, calling for a moratorium on seabed mining, a move supported by 81 governments, including Mexico.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["human rights","food security"],"geography_discussed":["New Zealand","Australia","Namibia","Pacific Islands"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["legal commentary","amicus curiae brief"]},{"id":"iai-001971","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-001971","title":"Información de fondo","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"es","date_published":null,"source_url":"http://iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/Informacio%CC%81n%20de%20fondo.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines the increasing likelihood of exceeding the 1.5°C warming threshold and the resulting interest in 'emergency' options like solar radiation modification (SRM) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR). It highlights a critical lack of formal international and national governance for SRM, noting a specific instance in Mexico where a private US company conducted unauthorized aerosol experiments. The text details efforts by IAI, CEPAL, and C2G to raise awareness and build regional governance frameworks in Latin America and the Caribbean to manage these climate interventions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001971#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Current global policies and commitments are insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement goals; policies in place are projected to lead to 2.8°C of warming this century, while the implementation of unconditional and conditional Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) would only reduce this to 2.6°C and 2.4°C, respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001971#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To limit warming to 1.5°C by 2100 following a temporary overshoot, the world will require the large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to achieve net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere in the latter half of the century.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001971#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant lack of formal and robust governance for solar radiation modification (SRM). While various international treaties—such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer—contain applicable provisions, none cover the topic comprehensively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001971#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In January 2023, the Mexican government announced its intention to ban solar geoengineering experimentation and large-scale deployment within its territory. This followed an unauthorized small-scale commercial intervention involving aerosol balloons by the US startup \"Make Sunsets\" in Baja California Sur.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001971#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon dioxide removal","climate governance","Paris Agreement","Nationally Determined Contributions","geoengineering","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["Mexico","Baja California Sur","United States","Chile","Jamaica","Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","governance assessment"]}]}