{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"geography":["Alaska"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":260,"relation":"eq"},"page":8,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Alaska&page=8","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?geography=Alaska&page=9","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"costratri-000179","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000179","title":"Inclusive Planning for Changing Arctic Futures: Demonstrating a Scenario-Based Discussion","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"after-action report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-09-05","source_url":"https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2050-Arctic-Tabletop-Report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details a 90-minute tabletop exercise simulating a nuclear maritime accident in the Bering Strait in 2050. The exercise identified critical gaps in Arctic infrastructure, including the fact that only 6% of Arctic waters are charted to modern standards and a lack of predictive atmospheric and ocean circulation models for winter conditions. Key findings emphasize the need for integrated indigenous emergency response infrastructure, the establishment of 'Confidence Building Measures' (CBM) with Russia to manage high-level nuclear contingencies, and the necessity of a common, multi-agency observation network to track changing Arctic storm patterns. The document argues that proactive research into radionuclide transport and the creation of an Arctic operations center are essential to avoid catastrophic failures in situational awareness and operational response.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000179#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The United States Coast Guard would lead the initial operational response to a major Arctic shipping incident using established search and rescue protocols, but severe conditions and sparse communications infrastructure present major challenges.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000179#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A nuclear incident in shallow water, specifically the loss of cooling water circulation in a reactor, could lead to core melt within hours and the release of iodine (near term) and cesium-137 (long term), the latter of which threatens food sources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000179#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current predictive capabilities for winter Arctic conditions are insufficient; there is a critical need for a single, common model and a better observation network to track changing storm climatology where storms now regenerate in warming Arctic waters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000179#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The US Arctic lacks essential operational and research infrastructure, with only 6% of waters charted to modern standards and a deficiency in the observation networks required to build predictive atmospheric and ocean circulation models.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000179#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective response requires the integration of indigenous emergency response infrastructure and the building of trust through transparency, particularly given the legacy of the US government's Project Chariot which exposed indigenous people to radiation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000179#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A nuclear incident would likely escalate to a high-level international crisis requiring 'Confidence Building Measures' (CBM) and established communication channels with various Russian entities, as the Russian Coast Guard may lack the authority to coordinate with powerful bodies like ROSATOMFLOT or Gazprom.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000179#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["traditional knowledge","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Bering Strait","Alaska","Russia","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scenario-based discussion","tabletop exercise","gap analysis"]},{"id":"commyale-000275","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000275","title":"Politics & Global Warming","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-04","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/app/uploads/2019/05/Politics-Global-Warming-April-2019b.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while 70% of registered U.S. voters believe global warming is happening, there is a significant partisan divide in beliefs about its causes and the urgency of action. Despite this, there is broad cross-party support for renewable energy investment, pollution regulation, and carbon taxes. The Green New Deal is supported by a majority (69%) of voters, though opinions on its economic impact and funding are split. Global warming is a high priority for Democrats but ranks low for Republicans as a 2020 voting issue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of registered voters (70%) believe global warming is occurring, though this is split by party: 95% of liberal Democrats and 63% of liberal/moderate Republicans agree, while only 38% of conservative Republicans do.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fifty-five percent of registered voters believe human activities are the primary cause of global warming, with strong agreement among liberal Democrats (86%) and low agreement among conservative Republicans (21%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Broad support exists across the political spectrum for three primary government strategies to reduce pollution: investing in renewable energy research and infrastructure (87%), regulating pollution (82%), and taxing pollution (72%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific carbon-pricing and emission policies have majority support, including a revenue-neutral carbon tax (67%), a 'Fee and Dividend' plan (59%), and strict carbon dioxide emission limits on coal-fired power plants (69%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Green New Deal is supported by 69% of registered voters, including 93% of Democrats and 44% of Republicans. Most supporters prefer paying for it through cutting other government spending (65%), raising corporate taxes (64%), or raising taxes on wealthy households (62%), while only 24% support increasing the federal budget deficit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Voters are divided on the economic impact of the Green New Deal: 35% believe it will increase total U.S. jobs compared to 21% who believe it will decrease them, and 36% believe it will help the economy compared to 26% who believe it will hurt it.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global warming is a significant voting issue for Democrats (64% say it is very important for the 2020 election) but ranks as the 17th most important issue overall among all registered voters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong consensus (77%) that schools should teach children about the causes, consequences, and solutions to global warming, with support from 94% of Democrats and 59% of Republicans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 72% of registered voters believe corporations and industry should do more to address global warming, actual individual action is low; only 11% of registered voters contacted an elected official in the previous 12 months to urge action on the issue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Voters are split on fossil fuel production: 53% support expanding offshore drilling for oil and natural gas, but only 33% support drilling in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000275#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","carbon tax","carbon dioxide emissions","Green New Deal","climate education","climate policy","energy transition"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","partisan analysis"]},{"id":"sei-002426","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002426","title":"Principles for aligning U.S. fossil fuel extraction with climate limits","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2019-02","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/principles-for-aligning-fossil-fuel-extraction-w-climate-limits.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that the United States, as a top fossil fuel producer with a resilient economy, must phase out extraction faster than the global average to meet Paris Agreement goals. It introduces three principles: reducing production at a pace consistent with climate protection, accelerating phase-outs in economically resilient communities, and safeguarding human rights and the environment. The authors apply these principles to U.S. coal and onshore oil, identifying the Appalachian Basin and California's San Joaquin basin as high-priority areas for rapid wind-down due to high carbon intensity, lower relative economic dependence, and significant environmental or social harms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"To align with IPCC modeling for a 1.5°C limit (50% likelihood), global fossil fuel production must decline by approximately 10% per year; for a 2°C limit (66% likelihood), the decline should be about 4% per year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The United States should wind down fossil fuel production faster than global rates because it is a top producer that has already gained disproportionate economic value and possesses an economy with very low relative dependence on extraction; oil extraction profits comprise only 0.1% of U.S. GDP.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors warn against relying on negative emissions technologies like BECCS (bioenergy with carbon capture and storage), noting that their large-scale deployment relies on 'heroic assumptions' regarding land availability and the carbon cycle.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The first guiding principle suggests prioritizing the phase-out of the most carbon-intensive and costly fuels, implying that coal should be phased out fastest, followed by oil and then gas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The second principle advocates for accelerating the phase-out in communities with higher economic resilience—those with diversified economies and lower dependence on extraction—to allow more time for a managed transition in less resilient areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The third principle prioritizes the rapid wind-down of extraction in areas where there are significant conflicts with human rights, Indigenous rights, public health, or high-conservation ecosystems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the coal case study, the Appalachian Basin is identified as a priority for rapid phase-out because it has higher extraction costs, low regional economic dependence (coal is 2% of employment and 8% of economic activity), and high rates of mine accidents and environmental damage from mountaintop removal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the oil case study, California's San Joaquin basin is a primary candidate for rapid phase-out due to extremely high GHG intensity (over 700 kg CO2e per barrel in the Midway Sunset field), low local GDP dependence (3%), and disproportionate pollution burdens on communities of color.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Permian basin in Texas and New Mexico is highlighted as a priority for restriction because current expansions of oil production are inconsistent with climate limits and create 'carbon lock-in'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) has the authority to implement these principles on federal lands, which produce 40% of all U.S. coal, over one-fifth of all oil, and about one-sixth of all gas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002426#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["petroleum industry","decarbonization","carbon capture and storage","bio-energy with carbon capture and storage","just transition","climate justice","environmental justice","emission intensity","Paris Agreement","Coal phase-out","methane emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Appalachian Basin","Powder River basin","San Joaquin basin","Permian basin","Alaska","California","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy framework","case study"]},{"id":"earjust-002601","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/earjust-002601","title":"industry-favors-during-shutdown_1-25-19-4bf1950e4a0dfa16.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Earthjustice","organization":"earthjustice"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2019-01-25","source_url":"https://earthjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/industry-favors-during-shutdown_1-25-19.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A coalition of environmental organizations argues that the US government prioritized industry interests over public resources during the 2018-2019 shutdown by continuing oil and gas permitting, offshore drilling planning, and logging projects while essential public services and environmental protections were suspended.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002601#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) resumed processing applications for permits to drill and issuing oil and gas leases on January 14, 2019, despite the government shutdown.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002601#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) recalled at least 40 employees to prepare for offshore drilling programs, seismic exploration permits, and lease sales in the Gulf of Mexico, while neglecting offshore wind development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002601#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The US Forest Service (USFS) continued work on timber projects, including the Prince of Wales Landscape Level Analysis Project in the Tongass rainforest, and the environmental impact statement for the Roadless Area Conservation in Alaska.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002601#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Department of the Interior (DOI) proposed revisions to Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) regulations on December 28, 2018, which the authors claim would restrict public access through stricter fee waiver standards and monthly information limits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002601#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The coalition argues that the shutdown curtailed public participation because federal employees were unavailable to answer questions during open comment periods, such as the one for the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge lease sale.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002601#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Alaska","Gulf of Mexico","Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","Superior National Forest"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy objection"]},{"id":"commyale-000247","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000247","title":"Politics & Global Warming","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2018-12","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/app/uploads/2019/02/Global-Warming-Policy-Politics-December-2018.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that a majority of US registered voters believe global warming is happening and human-caused, with notable increases in these beliefs among Republicans. There is broad cross-party support for clean energy policies like the Green New Deal and carbon taxes, though voters remain split on fossil fuel expansion. While many express a willingness to take collective action, few have actually contacted elected officials in the past year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of registered voters (74%) believe global warming is occurring, with significant support among liberal Democrats (98%) and liberal/moderate Republicans (70%). Belief among conservative Republicans is lower at 42%, though this represents a five percentage point increase since October 2017.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"62% of registered voters believe global warming is primarily caused by human activities, the highest level since surveys began in 2008. This includes 90% of liberal Democrats and 53% of liberal/moderate Republicans, while only 28% of conservative Republicans agree.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Two-thirds of registered voters (67%) express worry about global warming, including 85% of liberal Democrats and 54% of liberal/moderate Republicans. Worry among conservative Republicans is at 32%, a nine-point increase since October 2017.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is broad support for the Green New Deal among registered voters (81%), including 92% of Democrats, 88% of Independents, and 64% of Republicans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Registered voters show strong support for several carbon-reduction policies: 71% support a revenue-neutral carbon tax and 71% support the Clean Power Plan's strict carbon dioxide emission limits on coal-fired power plants. A 'Fee and Dividend' policy is supported by 63% of voters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High levels of support exist for clean energy incentives and regulation: 88% support funding renewable energy research, 85% support tax rebates for energy-efficient vehicles or solar panels, and 79% support regulating carbon dioxide as a pollutant.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Voters are divided on fossil fuel production: 48% support expanding offshore drilling for oil and natural gas, while only 32% support drilling in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of registered voters (75%) believe corporations and industry should do more to address global warming. Additionally, 69% believe the United States should reduce greenhouse gas emissions regardless of the actions of other countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Voters feel more capable of influencing local than national decision-makers. 51% are confident they can influence local businesses and 50% can influence local government, compared to 39% for corporations and 38% for the federal government.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite expressed willingness to engage in organized efforts, actual activity is low; only 13% of registered voters report contacting an elected official to urge action on global warming in the past 12 months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000247#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","greenhouse gas emissions","carbon tax","carbon dioxide emissions","renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","energy efficiency","fossil fuel","Green New Deal","Clean Power Plan","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","political analysis"]},{"id":"commyale-000018","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000018","title":"Who considers global warming a voting issue?","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2018-11-02","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/climate-voters/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while global warming is generally ranked lower than immediate issues like terrorism and healthcare, its importance as a voting priority varies significantly by political affiliation and geography. Liberal Democrats rank it as the fourth most important issue, whereas conservative Republicans rank it as the least important of 28 issues. Regional differences are evident, with high priority in states like New York and Hawaii, and lower priority in states like Alabama and West Virginia. However, the broader issue of environmental protection is a higher priority for about half of registered voters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000018#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Global warming is generally ranked as a lower priority for American voters compared to more immediate concerns. In a Pew Research Center poll, 46% of Americans viewed climate change as a top priority, while 73% prioritized terrorism, 68% healthcare costs, and 67% social security. Among 28 issues influencing the 2018 Congressional vote, global warming ranked 15th in importance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000018#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Political ideology strongly dictates the importance of global warming to voters. For liberal Democrats, it is the fourth most important issue for voting decisions, whereas for conservative Republicans, it is the least important of 28 issues. This is reflected in Pew Research data showing 68% of Democrats and 18% of Republicans view it as a top policy priority.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000018#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Geographic location and exposure to climate-related events influence voting priorities. High rankings are found in Washington DC (8th), Hawaii (9th), New York (11th), and California (13th). In contrast, it is ranked lower in Alabama, Kentucky, and West Virginia. Some red states, such as Alaska and Florida, hover around the national average due to local impacts like permafrost melting and sea level rise.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000018#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While global warming specifically may be ranked low, the broader category of environmental protection is a more significant priority, with approximately 50% of registered voters stating a candidate's position on protecting the environment is very important to their vote.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000018#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","environmental protection","climate policy","renewable energy","sea level rise","extreme weather event"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska","Florida","Washington, D.C.","New York","Hawaii","California","Alabama","Kentucky","West Virginia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","geographic analysis"]},{"id":"wwf-000892","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000892","title":"GETTING IT RIGHT IN A NEW OCEAN: BRINGING SUSTAINABLE BLUE ECONOMY PRINCIPLES TO THE ARCTIC REPORT 2018","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2018-11","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/694/9oqplo7axv_report_arctic_blue_economy_web.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the 'Blue Economy' of the Arctic, categorizing its resources into extractive, renewable, biological, connective, and experiential types. It highlights the immense investment potential—estimated up to US$1 trillion—and the accompanying risks of ecological collapse and social vulnerability. Through a SWOT analysis, the document identifies rapid climate change and a reliance on fossil fuel extraction as primary threats, while noting opportunities in the 'Blue Bio-Economy' and the potential to build sustainable infrastructure from the start. It concludes with six key recommendations for governments, investors, and Indigenous Peoples to ensure long-term ecosystem resilience and inclusive governance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Arctic is experiencing rapid warming, with temperatures in some areas reaching 20 degrees C above average in 2016 and 2017, leading to a projection that the ocean could be effectively ice-free in the summer by 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Investment interest in the region is massive, with estimates suggesting up to US$1 trillion could be invested in the coming decades, and over US$600 billion in projects already planned according to Guggenheim Partners.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Arctic holds significant undiscovered energy reserves, estimated at 22 per cent of the Earth's undiscovered oil and natural gas, with approximately 85 per cent of these located offshore.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Industrial fishing is the dominant biological economic activity, accounting for more than 90 per cent of the Arctic fish catch, though the region's total catch typically represents just over 6 per cent of the global total by weight.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Shipping traffic is increasing as ice retreats; reported ship casualties in Arctic waters increased tenfold between 2005 and 2014, with a further 29 per cent increase from 2015 to 2016.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Tourism is growing rapidly in some areas, particularly Iceland, where overnight stays increased by nearly 400 per cent over 15 years, though growth is less pronounced in Greenland, Canada, Alaska, and Russia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Blue Bio-Economy' offers sustainable growth opportunities through the high-value use of marine biomass, such as using fish processing residues for chemicals or farming microalgae for biofuels and cosmetics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Arctic ecosystems are highly vulnerable to 'regime shifts' or tipping points; the Arctic Resilience Report identified 19 such points that could undermine stability in systems ranging from the Greenland ice sheet to fisheries productivity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regional governance is currently insufficient to steer development sustainably, as the Arctic Council lacks binding authority and many critical decisions are made by distant national governments or multinational corporations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indigenous populations face significant vulnerabilities, exemplified by Nunavut, which has the highest documented rate of food insecurity for any Indigenous population in a developed country, with 57 per cent of children in food-insecure households.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000892#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["blue economy","climate change","renewable energy","biodiversity","traditional knowledge","natural capital","Sustainable Development Goals","ocean acidification","sustainable tourism"],"geography_discussed":["Russia","Norway","Iceland","Greenland","Canada","United States","Finland","Sweden","Nunavut","Alaska","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["SWOT analysis","policy assessment","economic review"]},{"id":"ucs-000231","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000231","title":"Government Must Act Now on PFAS Contamination at Military Bases","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2018-09","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/attach/2018/09/a-toxic-threat-pfs-military-fact-sheet-ucs-2018.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) reports widespread PFAS contamination at US military bases, with many sites exceeding risk levels established by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). The document highlights the health risks of these 'forever chemicals', the history of industry disinformation, and the failure of the US military to transition to fluorine-free firefighting foams.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000231#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A UCS analysis of 131 active and formerly active US military sites across 37 states found that all but one exceeded the ATSDR risk level of 11 ppt. Specifically, 118 sites (over 90%) had concentrations at least 10 times higher than this level, and 87 sites (roughly two-thirds) were at least 100 times higher.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000231#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extreme levels of PFAS contamination have been detected at 10 military sites, where concentrations exceeded the ATSDR risk level by more than 100,000 times. The highest recorded level was at the former England Air Force Base in Alexandria, Louisiana, which was approximately 1 million times the risk level.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000231#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"PFAS are synthetic compounds linked to various severe health issues, including kidney and testicular cancers, liver damage, thyroid disease, and ulcerative colitis. Children are noted as being especially vulnerable, with associated risks of decreased vaccine response, increased asthma, and kidney function damage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000231#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The ATSDR's 2018 draft toxicology report determined that risk levels for PFAS were 7 to 10 times lower than the standards previously set by the EPA. The EPA's 2016 drinking water health advisory for PFOA and PFOS was set at 70 parts per trillion (ppt), which the UCS translated into ATSDR-based guidelines of 7 ppt for PFOS and 11 ppt for PFOA.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000231#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Chemical manufacturers DuPont and 3M are accused of concealing internal research for decades regarding the toxicity of PFAS and the contamination of water supplies. DuPont settled over 3,000 personal injury claims in 2017 for $671 million related to PFOA leaks in Parkersburg, West Virginia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000231#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The US military continues to use PFAS-containing firefighting foams despite the availability of fluorine-free alternatives used by other air forces and corporations. Instead of switching to PFAS-free options, the military is transitioning to foams containing short-chain PFAS molecules.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000231#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances","environmental remediation","public health"],"geography_discussed":["Louisiana","California","Florida","Delaware","South Carolina","Virginia","Illinois","Alaska","Texas","West Virginia","North Carolina","New Hampshire","Minnesota"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"earjust-002585","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/earjust-002585","title":"Oil and Gas and Sulfur Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf—Blowout Preventer Systems and Well Control Revisions, 83 Fed. Reg. 22,128 (May 11, 2018), Docket No. BSEE-2018-0002","publisher":{"name":"Earthjustice","organization":"earthjustice"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2018-08-06","source_url":"https://earthjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/final_comments_ej20et20al-well20control20rule.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Earthjustice and a coalition of environmental organizations oppose BSEE's proposed revisions to the 2016 Blowout Preventer Systems and Well Control Rule. They argue the proposed changes—specifically regarding drilling margins, verification organizations, blowout preventer (BOP) requirements, and real-time monitoring—increase the risk of catastrophic oil spills and worker fatalities. The authors contend that BSEE failed to provide the necessary data or quantitative risk analysis to justify these rollbacks and violated the Administrative Procedure Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, and the Endangered Species Act.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The proposed rule seeks to weaken four critical safety areas: the default drilling margin requirement, the BSEE-approved verification organization (BAVO) regime, specific blowout preventer (BOP) requirements, and minimum real-time monitoring (RTM) requirements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"BSEE is proposing to replace the 0.5 pound per gallon (ppg) minimum drilling margin with a 'performance-based standard' on a case-by-case basis, which the authors argue increases the risk of blowouts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proposal to replace BAVOs with independent third parties is criticized for removing essential agency oversight and accountability, potentially returning to a flawed pre-Deepwater Horizon system.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proposed removal of prescriptive real-time monitoring (RTM) requirements is argued to undermine the 'second set of eyes' onshore that is critical for identifying abnormalities before they become catastrophic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors claim BSEE violated the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) by failing to provide the data and technical studies used to justify the proposed revisions, thereby denying the public 'fair notice'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document argues that the proposed rule fails to meet the 'best available and safest technologies' (BAST) mandate of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors assert that BSEE violated the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) by failing to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and by providing a Draft Environmental Assessment (EA) that lacks a 'hard look' at impacts to water, wildlife, and air quality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proposed rule is alleged to violate the Endangered Species Act (ESA) because BSEE declined to consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service regarding impacts on listed species.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors argue that the reliance on Executive Order 13771 to justify deregulation is unconstitutional as it allows agencies to prioritize industry cost-reduction over statutory conservation mandates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Expert testimony from Professor Robert Bea emphasizes that a validated Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) is necessary to determine if the revisions are truly 'safe' and to ensure risks are 'As Low As Reasonably Practicable' (ALARP).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002585#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["oil spill"],"geography_discussed":["Gulf of Mexico","Atlantic Ocean","Pacific Ocean","Arctic Ocean","Alaska"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","legal challenge","regulatory comment"]},{"id":"ucs-000636","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000636","title":"Heat Waves and Climate Change","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2018-08","source_url":"https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2018/08/extreme-heat-science-fact-sheet.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details the rising trends of heat waves and heat stress in the US, attributing recent increases to human-caused climate change and projecting more severe events by 2100 unless emissions are stabilized.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000636#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The United States has seen an increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves over the last several decades, with the Southeast experiencing the largest increase in the frequency of heat wave days since the late 1970s.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000636#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Since the late 1970s, the number of days with record high temperatures in the US has increased, and there have been more record-breaking hot days than record-breaking cold days.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000636#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The area of the US experiencing unusually hot summer nights is increasing at a faster rate than the area experiencing unusually hot summer days.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000636#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Human-caused climate change has been linked to recent extreme heat; for example, the risk of the spring heat during the 2012 US heat wave was likely increased 12-fold, and the July 2012 extreme heat was four times more likely due to human activity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000636#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"By mid-century, most of the US could see 20 to 30 more days per year with maximum temperatures exceeding 90°F if carbon emissions increase considerably, with the Southeast potentially seeing 40 to 50 more such days.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000636#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Stabilizing global carbon emissions to keep atmospheric carbon dioxide below 550 parts per million by 2100 could reduce the frequency of mid-century US heat waves by approximately 50% compared to a high-emissions scenario (RCP8.5).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000636#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"By 2100, the hottest daily temperatures in the US are projected to increase by at least 10°F under high-emissions scenarios, but this increase could be limited to approximately 3.6°F if the Paris Agreement goal of keeping global warming below 3.6°F is met.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000636#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["heat wave","extreme heat","climate change","greenhouse gas emissions","heat stress","Paris Agreement","carbon dioxide","public health","energy efficiency"],"geography_discussed":["Southeastern United States","Midwestern United States","Great Plains","Alaska","Southwest United States","Hawaii"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["trend analysis","attribution study","climate projection"]},{"id":"ucs-000097","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000097","title":"Heat Waves and Climate Change","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2018-07-31","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/resources/heat-waves-and-climate-change","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details how climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heat waves across the United States, leading to severe health risks and societal disruptions. It highlights the vulnerability of specific populations, such as the elderly and outdoor workers, and the role of the urban heat-island effect. The text argues that stabilizing carbon emissions and adhering to the Paris Agreement can significantly reduce the projected increase in extreme temperatures and the frequency of heat waves by mid-century.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000097#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Heat stress conditions in the US have increased in recent decades; between 1949 and 2005, 20 percent of 187 studied weather stations saw a substantial rise in one-day extreme heat stress events, averaging 12 more such days per year in 2005 than in 1949.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000097#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Future projections indicate that if carbon emissions continue to grow, most of the US could see 20 to 30 more days annually with maximum temperatures exceeding 90°F, with the Southeast potentially seeing 40 to 50 more days. By 2100, the hottest daily temperatures in the US could increase by at least 10°F compared to the end of the 20th century if emissions increase substantially.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000097#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extreme heat poses significant health risks, including heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke (which occurs when body temperature exceeds 103°F), as well as increased cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Vulnerable groups include the young, elderly, low-income residents, people with pre-existing medical conditions, and outdoor workers in construction and agriculture.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000097#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extreme heat disrupts various sectors: it lowers student performance (particularly for low-income and minority students lacking air conditioning), threatens the livelihoods of rural residents through negative effects on crop production and livestock, and damages infrastructure, as evidenced by flight cancellations in Phoenix in 2017 when temperatures hit 119°F.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000097#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mitigation strategies can limit future heat; stabilizing carbon emissions to keep atmospheric CO2 below 550 ppm by 2100 could reduce the frequency of mid-century heat waves by approximately 50%. Following the Paris Agreement goal of keeping warming below 3.6°F could limit the increase in the hottest daily temperatures to 3.6°F instead of 10°F.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000097#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["heat wave","extreme heat","climate change","carbon dioxide emissions","public health","urban heat island","agriculture","infrastructure","Paris Agreement","energy efficiency"],"geography_discussed":["Southeast","Southwest","Alaska","Phoenix"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","risk assessment","mitigation analysis"]},{"id":"earjust-001512","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/earjust-001512","title":"Comments on the proposal to add mining as a covered sector under FAST-41","publisher":{"name":"Earthjustice","organization":"earthjustice"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2018-03-30","source_url":"https://earthjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/earthjustice-et-al-mining-under-fast-41-comments-3-30-18.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Earthjustice, Earthworks, and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) submitted a statement to the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council urging the rejection of a proposal to add mining as a covered sector under Title 41 of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST-41). The organizations argue that mining's unique environmental risks and the existing efficiency of U.S. permitting make the expedited processes of FAST-41 inappropriate and dangerous.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-001512#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Mining presents severe and long-term environmental risks that necessitate rigorous and flexible permitting rather than expedited processes. The sector is responsible for a disproportionate amount of toxic waste; in 2016, the metal mining sector accounted for 44% of the 3.44 billion pounds of toxic substances released into the environment, despite managing only 6% of all toxic waste produced by American industries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-001512#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Current federal mine permitting in the United States is already competitive and prompt. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports that the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) or Forest Service takes an average of two years to approve a mine plan, and the environmental impact statement (EIS) process for large mine permits in Alaska has averaged two years and eight months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-001512#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"FAST-41 contains specific provisions that would undermine the quality of mine permitting by limiting flexibility and public oversight. These include strict permitting timelines based on averages, short default public comment periods (typically 45 to 60 days), a focus on 'preferred alternatives' early in the review process, and restricted judicial review windows (two years instead of the standard six years for APA claims).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-001512#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The proposed Pebble Mine in Bristol Bay serves as a critical example of why FAST-41 is unsuitable for mining. The project involves high risks to a world-class salmon fishery and has a history of submitting inadequate information, such as a December 2017 application that included new components—like a 188-mile natural gas pipeline and a 230-megawatt power plant—without providing necessary baseline studies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-001512#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Adding mining as a covered sector would constitute a 'rule' under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), requiring the Council to conduct public notice and comment. Furthermore, the Council must engage in government-to-government consultation with Indian tribes and evaluate the potential for disproportionate impacts on minority and low-income populations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-001512#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","mining","environmental regulation","permitting"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska","Bristol Bay","Colorado","British Columbia","Nevada","Utah"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","legal comment"]},{"id":"commyale-000248","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000248","title":"Politics & Global Warming","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2018-03","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/app/uploads/2018/05/Global-Warming-Policy-Politics-March-2018.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A March 2018 survey of 1,067 registered US voters reveals broad bipartisan support for renewable energy and carbon pollution limits, despite significant political divides over the causes of global warming and the priority level assigned to climate action. While 73% of voters believe global warming is happening, only 40% of conservative Republicans share this view. However, majorities across the political spectrum support funding renewable energy research and regulating carbon dioxide. The report also notes a gap between stated support for climate action and actual individual engagement, with only 13% of voters having contacted an elected official about global warming in the previous year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000248#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a significant political divide regarding the reality and cause of global warming: 73% of all registered voters believe it is happening, but this drops to 40% among conservative Republicans. Similarly, 59% of all registered voters believe global warming is caused mostly by human activities, compared to only 26% of conservative Republicans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000248#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Bipartisan support exists for several clean energy and carbon reduction policies. Specifically, 87% of registered voters support funding more research into renewable energy sources like solar and wind, 86% support generating renewable energy on public land in the US, and 81% support regulating carbon dioxide as a pollutant.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000248#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong public support for the Paris Climate Agreement, with 77% of registered voters supporting US participation and 66% opposing President Trump's decision to withdraw.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000248#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Voters generally believe that environmental protection is compatible with or superior to economic growth. 59% think protecting the environment improves economic growth and provides new jobs, and 71% believe environmental protection is more important than economic growth when a conflict exists.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000248#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 70% of registered voters believe corporations and industry should do more to address global warming, there is less consensus on government priority; only 54% think global warming should be a high or very high priority for the president and Congress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000248#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global warming is a significant voting issue primarily for liberal Democrats, for whom it is the fourth most important issue. For the general registered voter population, it ranks 15th out of 28 issues asked about.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000248#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a gap between the willingness to act and actual behavior: 34% of registered voters would likely participate in a campaign to convince officials to take action, but only 13% actually contacted an elected official in the past 12 months to urge action on global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000248#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","carbon dioxide emissions","carbon tax","Paris Agreement","fossil fuel","coal-fired power station","geothermal energy","nuclear power","natural gas","environmental protection","climate education"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"wwf-000525","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000525","title":"Polar Bear Circumpolar Action Plan Scorecard 2018","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2018-01","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/675/4tnj0n1j8i_polar_bear_scorecard_small_1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The WWF Polar Bear CAP Scorecard evaluates the initial implementation of the Circumpolar Action Plan from 2015 to 2017. It finds that while individual Range States have made progress in areas like population surveys and trade monitoring, overall progress is slow, with only 5% of total CAP actions completed. The report highlights significant gaps in joint circumpolar collaboration, transparency, and the integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge, while urging a more strategic approach to address the primary threat of climate-driven sea ice loss.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Overall implementation of the Circumpolar Action Plan (CAP) is significantly behind schedule, with only 3 out of 62 total actions completed by 2017, representing a 5% completion rate.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Range States have struggled with joint circumpolar collaboration compared to individual national efforts, achieving only 55% of joint actions between 2015 and 2017.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Range States failed to complete their communications strategy intended to raise global awareness about the link between greenhouse gas emissions and the threat of sea ice loss for polar bears.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Population monitoring has seen high implementation rates, with 9 out of 11 scheduled subpopulation surveys conducted on time, though funding remains inadequate in Canada and Russia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Progress on managing human-polar bear conflict is incomplete; specifically, a planned circumpolar report on conflict hotspots and strategies was not produced.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Range States have made promising progress in regulating international trade, with most states adopting agreed terms, units, and reporting methods for CITES.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is limited, with only Canada and Greenland scheduling TEK studies, while Russia and the United States included none in their schedules.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Transparency and public access to information are major weaknesses, characterized by a lack of a permanent website and restricted access to documents, particularly regarding Greenland.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG) failed to complete nearly half of its assigned work, including delays in improving population study designs and assigning subpopulation trends.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000525#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","greenhouse gas emissions","biodiversity conservation"],"geography_discussed":["Svalbard","Alaska","Nunavut"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["performance assessment","policy review","scorecard"]},{"id":"sei-002497","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002497","title":"How limiting oil production could help California meet its climate goals","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2018","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sei-2018-db-california-oil2.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that restricting California's oil production can significantly lower global CO2 emissions because a portion of the avoided production is not replaced by other sources. It estimates that for every barrel of oil left in the ground in California, global consumption would drop by 0.2 to 0.6 barrels, leading to a reduction of 80 to 240 kg of CO2 per barrel. The brief identifies several policy options, including ceasing new well permits, implementing emissions performance standards, and targeting production in pollution-vulnerable areas. It notes that such measures are cost-competitive with other California climate strategies and could address 'carbon leakage' by complementing demand-side policies. Additionally, the report highlights that many of California's most productive oil fields are more GHG-intensive than global averages and are located in disadvantaged communities, making production limits a matter of environmental justice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002497#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Limiting oil production in California would likely reduce global GHG emissions because a fraction of the avoided production is not replaced by other sources. The authors estimate that for each barrel of California oil not produced, global oil consumption would decrease by 0.2 to 0.6 barrels, resulting in a global emission reduction of 80 to 240 kg CO2 per barrel.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002497#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Phasing out a significant portion of California's oil production, such as 100 million barrels per year, could reduce global emissions by 8 to 24 million tons of CO2 annually. This scale of reduction is comparable to the savings from other sector-specific strategies in California's climate action plan, which range from 3 to 35 million tons CO2e per year in 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002497#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"California's most productive oil fields are more GHG-emissions-intensive than the global average due to energy-intensive recovery techniques like steam flooding. For example, the Midway-Sunset, Kern River, and South Belridge fields produce oil with life cycle emissions of 725, 650, and 690 kg CO2e per barrel, respectively, which is at least 15% higher than crudes from Saudi Arabia, Ecuador, Alaska, Colombia, and Kuwait.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002497#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The cost-effectiveness of limiting oil production is comparable to other measures in California's Scoping Plan. For instance, limiting production in the Wilmington, Inglewood, and Los Angeles fields is estimated to cost between $110 and $330 per t CO2, while other measures like the Low Carbon Fuel Standard cost $150 per t CO2e and a more aggressive renewable portfolio standard costs $175 per t CO2e.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002497#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Limiting oil production can address environmental justice concerns, as many fields are located in disproportionately burdened communities. In Los Angeles, 630,000 people live within 800 meters of an active oil well in areas rated in the 95th percentile for pollution burden. Similarly, the Lost Hills and South Belridge fields are in the worst fifth (80th percentile) of census tracts for pollution-vulnerability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002497#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document proposes six policy options to limit production: ceasing new well permits (potentially reducing production by 60-70% by 2030), restricting production in high-pollution areas (~40% affected), charging a carbon 'adder' (~25% no longer economic), removing subsidies (up to 50% affected), implementing an emissions performance standard (~70-80% affected), and phasing out high-cost oil (~40% affected).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002497#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","carbon leakage","environmental justice","carbon price","fossil fuel subsidy","Paris Agreement","energy transition","stranded asset"],"geography_discussed":["World","Saudi Arabia","Ecuador","Alaska","Colombia","Kuwait","France"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","economic modeling"]},{"id":"commgmu-000178","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000178","title":"Politics & Global Warming","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-10","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Global-Warming-Policy-Politics-October-2017-min.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while a majority of US registered voters believe global warming is happening and human-caused, there is a significant political divide, particularly with conservative Republicans. Despite these divisions, there is broad cross-party support for various clean energy policies, such as renewable energy research and tax rebates for energy-efficient vehicles. However, support for more restrictive measures, like carbon taxes or strict emission limits on coal plants, is lower among conservative Republicans. The report also notes a gap between voters' willingness to advocate for climate policy and their actual engagement in such activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of registered voters (72%) believe global warming is occurring, though this belief is significantly lower among conservative Republicans (37%) and has declined within the Republican party since the 2016 election.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"54% of registered voters believe human activities are the primary cause of global warming, with a stark contrast between liberal Democrats (83%) and conservative Republicans (21%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is broad support across political lines for several clean energy policies, including funding renewable energy research (87%), generating renewable energy on public land (86%), and providing tax rebates for energy-efficient vehicles or solar panels (83%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 76% of registered voters support U.S. participation in the Paris Climate Agreement, 63% specifically oppose the decision by the United States to withdraw from it.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most registered voters (74%) believe corporations and industry should do more to address global warming, a sentiment shared by majorities of Democrats, Independents, and Republicans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of registered voters (62%) believe that protecting the environment improves economic growth and creates jobs, and 75% believe environmental protection is more important than economic growth when the two conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong support (79%) for including the causes, consequences, and solutions of global warming in school curricula, though conservative Republicans are split on the issue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gap between the intention to act and actual behavior: 38% of registered voters say they would participate in a campaign to convince officials to take action, but only 12% have actually contacted an official in the past 12 months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Support for the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) global warming budget is high, with 82% of registered voters believing it should be increased (54%) or kept the same (28%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000178#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","carbon dioxide emissions","fossil fuel","carbon tax","Paris Agreement","environmental protection","climate education","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","political analysis"]},{"id":"commyale-000251","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000251","title":"Politics & Global Warming","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-10","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/app/uploads/2017/12/Global-Warming-Policy-Politics-October-2017.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while a majority of US registered voters believe global warming is happening and human-caused, there is significant political polarization, particularly among conservative Republicans. Despite this, there is broad cross-party support for various clean energy policies, such as renewable energy research and tax rebates for energy-efficient vehicles. However, a gap exists between the willingness of voters to advocate for climate policy and their actual engagement in such activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of registered voters (72%) believe global warming is occurring, though this belief is lowest among conservative Republicans (37%) and has declined within the Republican party since the 2016 election.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"54% of registered voters believe global warming is primarily caused by human activities, with a significant disparity between liberal Democrats (83%) and conservative Republicans (21%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is broad support across political lines for several clean energy policies, including funding renewable energy research (87%), generating renewable energy on public land (86%), and providing tax rebates for energy-efficient vehicles or solar panels (83%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of registered voters support regulatory and fiscal measures to reduce emissions, including regulating carbon dioxide as a pollutant (77%) and implementing a revenue-neutral carbon tax (69%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 76% of registered voters support U.S. participation in the Paris Climate Agreement, 63% oppose the decision by the United States to withdraw from it.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most registered voters (62%) believe that protecting the environment improves economic growth and creates jobs, and 75% prioritize environmental protection over economic growth when the two conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant gap exists between stated intent and action: 38% of registered voters say they would participate in a campaign to convince officials to take action on global warming, but only 12% report having actually contacted an official in the past 12 months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Voters believe corporations and industry should do more to address global warming (74%), and a majority (56%) believe it should be a high or very high priority for the president and Congress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Support for fossil fuel production varies by policy: 51% support expanding offshore drilling, 44% support drilling and mining on public land, but only 29% support drilling in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000251#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","carbon dioxide","carbon tax","Paris Agreement","environmental protection","fossil fuel","climate education","climate policy","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","political analysis"]},{"id":"earjust-002612","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/earjust-002612","title":"Petition for certification pursuant to 22 U.S.C. § 1978 of actions undertaken by Canadian nationals diminishing the effectiveness of the Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere and the Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean","publisher":{"name":"Earthjustice","organization":"earthjustice"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2017-09-26","source_url":"https://earthjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/letter-to-secretary-wilbur-ross-2017-09-26.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A coalition of indigenous groups and conservation organizations petitions the U.S. government under the Pelly Amendment to investigate six mining projects in British Columbia (Tulsequah Chief, Red Chris, Schaft Creek, Galore Creek, KSM, and Brucejack). The petitioners argue these mines threaten woodland caribou, grizzly bears, and Pacific salmonids through habitat destruction, toxic pollution, and increased traffic on Highway 37. They specifically highlight the risk of acid mine drainage and tailings dam failures, citing the 2014 Mount Polley disaster. The petition requests a referral to the International Joint Commission to address these transboundary threats to Southeast Alaska's ecosystems and economies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002612#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Six mining projects in British Columbia—Tulsequah Chief, Red Chris, Schaft Creek, Galore Creek, Kerr-Sulphurets-Mitchell (KSM), and Brucejack—are identified as threats to protected species in the Taku, Stikine, and Unuk river watersheds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002612#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The mines are likely to cause 'takings' of woodland caribou and grizzly bears, which would diminish the effectiveness of the Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002612#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mining infrastructure and increased traffic on Highway 37 pose severe risks to woodland caribou, including direct mortality from vehicle collisions and increased predation by wolves.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002612#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Copper pollution from the KSM Mine is expected to reach levels that create a de facto migratory barrier for salmonids due to avoidance behavior.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002612#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The petitioners argue that mine proponents' mitigation measures are often unreliable, citing a study where 89% of mines that predicted low potential for acid mine drainage eventually developed such problems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002612#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant risk of catastrophic tailings dam failures, as evidenced by the August 2014 disaster at the Mount Polley Mine owned by Imperial Metals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002612#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The economic impact of the affected watersheds on Southeast Alaska is substantial, with the Taku, Stikine, and Unuk watersheds generating millions of dollars annually in spending and salmon wholesale value.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002612#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The petitioners request that the U.S. government refer the issue of transboundary harms to the International Joint Commission under the Boundary Waters Treaty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"earjust-002612#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water pollution","biodiversity loss"],"geography_discussed":["Taku River","Stikine River","Unuk River","Nass River"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy petition","environmental impact assessment","legal analysis"]},{"id":"eesi-000089","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/eesi-000089","title":"The Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act","publisher":{"name":"Environmental and Energy Study Institute","organization":"environmental-and-energy-study-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2017-09-18","source_url":"https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-the-consumer-and-fuel-retailer-choice-act","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act (S.517, H.R. 1311) seeks to amend the Clean Air Act to permit the year-round sale of E15 (15 percent ethanol) fuel. Currently, Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) standards—designed to limit smog-forming evaporative emissions during summer months—effectively block E15 sales from June 1 to September 15, as the existing one-pound RVP waiver only applies to blends between 9 and 10 percent ethanol. The document asserts that E15 is compatible with nearly 90 percent of U.S. vehicles (model year 2001 and newer) and offers environmental benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions and lower toxic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions compared to E10. It further notes that the current seasonal restrictions impose costs on retailers, including an estimated $200 million in 2017 for pump re-labeling, and lead to significant customer loss during the summer. The text advocates for extending the RVP waiver to blends above E10 to lower consumer costs and support the transition to mid-level ethanol blends (E25 to E40) for more efficient internal combustion engines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000089#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act (S.517, H.R. 1311) proposes to amend the Clean Air Act to enable the year-round sale of E15 fuel, which is currently restricted during summer months by Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000089#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current EPA regulations cap the volatility of gasoline (RVP) between June 1 and September 15 to reduce ozone and smog; while a 1-psi waiver exists for fuels with 9 to 10 percent ethanol, it does not extend to E15 or higher blends.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000089#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"E15 is compatible with nearly 90 percent of the current U.S. vehicle fleet, specifically model year 2001 and newer light-duty vehicles and Flex-Fuel Vehicles (FFVs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000089#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Increasing ethanol content from E10 to E15 reduces greenhouse gas emissions and harmful volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, specifically decreasing the cancer risk of 1-3 butadiene by 6.6 percent, although it increases the cancer risk associated with acetaldehyde by 1 percent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000089#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Domestically-produced corn ethanol is on average 43 percent less GHG intensive than gasoline; a shift from E10 to E15 blending results in an additional 1.5 percent reduction in GHG emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000089#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Seasonal RVP restrictions create financial burdens for retailers, including an estimated $200 million total cost in 2017 for switching pump labels twice a year, and cause significant sales drops; Sheetz reports losing 40 percent of its E15 customer base during the summer transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000089#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"As of September 2017, 952 gasoline retailers across 29 states offer E15, with growth supported by the Biofuels Infrastructure Partnership (BIP), a $210 million grant program to install blender pumps.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000089#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biofuel","greenhouse gas emissions","air quality","transport industry","fuel efficiency"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska","Hawaii"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","regulatory review"]},{"id":"eesi-000254","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/eesi-000254","title":"The Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act: Environmental, Health & Consumer Considerations","publisher":{"name":"Environmental and Energy Study Institute","organization":"environmental-and-energy-study-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2017-09","source_url":"https://www.eesi.org/files/FactSheet-Fuel_Retailer_Choice_Act_092017.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The fact sheet argues that extending the one-pound Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) waiver to fuels above E10 would enable the year-round sale of E15, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and consumer costs without compromising air quality. It details how current RVP regulations inadvertently block E15 sales in summer, causing retail costs and consumer losses, while noting that E15 is compatible with nearly 90% of current U.S. vehicles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000254#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act (S.517, H.R. 1311) seeks to amend the Clean Air Act to permit the year-round sale of E15, as current Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) standards inadvertently block these sales during summer months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000254#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Increasing ethanol blends from E10 to E15 is associated with air quality improvements, including a reduction in harmful volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and a 6.6 percent decrease in the cancer risk of 1-3 butadiene, although it increases the cancer risk associated with acetaldehyde by 1 percent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000254#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of E15 contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in the transportation sector; a 5 percentage point increase in blending from E10 to E15 results in an additional 1.5 percent reduction in GHG emissions when using corn ethanol.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000254#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"E15 is compatible with nearly 90 percent of cars currently on the road, including all Flex-Fuel Vehicles and model year 2001 and newer vehicles. Furthermore, 80 percent of 2017 vehicles have owner manuals that approve E15 use.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000254#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current RVP regulations create financial burdens for retailers and consumers; the requirement to relabel E15 pumps as \"Flex-Fuel Vehicles Only\" during summer cost retailers an estimated $200 million in 2017, and the retailer Sheetz reported losing 40 percent of its E15 customer base during the summer transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000254#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transition to summer gasoline blends between March and April typically causes a spike in retail prices, with average increases of 53 cents per gallon between February and late spring from 2000 to 2016.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000254#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biofuel","greenhouse gas emissions","air quality","transport industry"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska","Hawaii"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","environmental impact assessment"]}]}