{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"climate_tags":["socio-economic impact"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'socio-economic impact' for facet 'climate_tags' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":4,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?climate_tags=socio-economic+impact","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"natjust-000088","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/natjust-000088","title":"Guide d'intégration du genre dans le processus de Plan National d'Adaptation du Sénégal","publisher":{"name":"Natural Justice","organization":"natural-justice"},"document_type":"guide","language":"fr","date_published":"2025-06-18","source_url":"https://naturaljustice.org/publication/guide-dintegration-du-genre-dans-le-processus-de-plan-national-dadaptation-du-senegal/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This introductory section of a guide on gender integration in Senegal's National Adaptation Plan outlines the impacts of climate change in West Africa and specifically within Senegal, detailing temperature increases, precipitation declines, and the resulting degradation of ecosystems and socio-economic sectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000088#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change impacts in West Africa affect all societal layers and aspects of the natural and built environment, with projections indicating worsening threats to lives, livelihoods, the economy, and ecosystems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000088#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"In Senegal, climate change is characterized by rising temperatures, sea-level rise, and extreme weather. Between 1951 and 2010, temperatures rose by 1.2°C and precipitation decreased by 300 mm.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000088#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Climate variations in Senegal have caused biophysical degradation, including a 7.8% to 15.7% decrease in the flow of the Senegal and Gambia rivers by 2013, groundwater depletion, saltwater intrusion, and soil salinization. Socio-economic consequences include reduced agricultural productivity, diminished pasture resources, and migration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"natjust-000088#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["climate adaptation","gender integration","west africa","socio-economic impact","water resources"],"geography_discussed":["West Africa","Gambia River"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["Impact Assessment"]},{"id":"seforall-000058","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/seforall-000058","title":"Middle-income population at risk in 2022","publisher":{"name":"Sustainable Energy for All","organization":"sustainable-energy-for-all"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.seforall.org/chilling-prospects-2022/middle-income-population-at-risk","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This report section analyzes the middle-income population at risk due to a lack of access to sustainable cooling in 2022, focusing on high-impact countries. It details a global decline in this demographic, driven largely by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and provides regional and country-specific breakdowns of population shifts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000058#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The middle-income population in high-impact countries, defined as those living on between USD 10.01 and USD 20 per day, decreased by approximately 75.7 million from 1.38 billion in 2021 to 1.3 billion in 2022. This follows a previous reduction of 79 million people from a 2020 global total of 1.46 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000058#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"China has the largest middle-income population globally at 693.3 million, representing about 53 percent of the global total. Together with India, Brazil, Indonesia, and Vietnam, these five countries account for approximately 81 percent of the global middle-income population.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000058#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shift toward lower-middle-income segments, leading to significant population decreases in China (nearly 19 million) and India (45.2 million) compared to the previous year. Five countries saw middle-income population decreases of 10 percent or more: Bangladesh, Djibouti, India, Myanmar, and Pakistan.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000058#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Regionally, Asia and the Middle East contain 87 percent of the global middle-income population across 16 high-impact countries, though the population there fell by 79.3 million between 2021 and 2022. In contrast, the 31 high-impact countries in Africa saw their middle-income population increase by 7.1 million to reach 75.4 million, with the largest absolute increases in Egypt (2.3 million) and Uganda (1.3 million).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000058#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"In Latin America and the Caribbean, the middle-income population dropped by 3.5 million, from 98.4 million in 2021 to 94.9 million in 2022. This decline included reductions of 2.7 million in Brazil, 500,000 in Argentina, and 155,000 in Peru.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000058#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable cooling","energy transition","climate risk","socio-economic impact"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","Brazil","Indonesia","Vietnam","Benin","Uganda","Bangladesh","Djibouti","Myanmar","Pakistan","Asia","Middle East","Africa","Egypt","Latin America and the Caribbean","Argentina","Peru"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["demographic analysis","economic impact assessment"]},{"id":"cer-000586","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000586","title":"WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS ON THE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION POLICIES AND MEASURES FINAL DRAFT REPORT","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2018-04-06","source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CER-Comments-on-PAMs-Draft-Report-6-April-2018.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER) provides written submissions on the March 2018 Final Draft Report of Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Measures (PAMs). The CER supports the examination of policy effectiveness but identifies several gaps, including the need for better alignment between various government climate projects, the exclusion of certain greenhouse gases and externalities in socio-economic analyses, and a lack of rationale for prioritizing coal-to-liquid production through 2050. The CER emphasizes that the report's findings—specifically regarding the electricity sector as the key to decarbonization—should inform the revision of the Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity (IRP 2010).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000586#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The CER requests clarity on how the PAMs project aligns with other government initiatives, such as the Mitigation Potential Analysis (MPA) and the GHG Pathways Project, noting that the overall strategy to coordinate these studies remains unclear.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000586#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The CER argues that the PAMs project must be aligned with energy policy decisions, specifically criticizing the outdated IRP 2010 and the appointment of Thabametsi and Khanyisa as preferred bidders for coal-fired power. A study by the Energy Research Centre (ERC) suggests these two plants would increase GHG emissions by 155-177 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2050 and could make planned mitigation measures redundant.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000586#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"While the Draft Report expanded its GHG delineation to include CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, and PFCs, the CER notes that black carbon and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are still excluded, as are emissions from underground coal fires.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000586#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The CER criticizes the socio-economic analysis for being too narrow and failing to account for negative externalities such as water and air pollution. They cite a 2017 groundWork study linking air pollution from Eskom's coal-fired stations to 2,239 attributable deaths annually, costing South Africa over USD 2.3 billion per year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000586#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The CER disputes the Draft Report's assumption that coal-to-liquid (CTL) production—specifically Sasol's Secunda plant—should be prioritized through 2050, arguing there is no rational basis for the world's largest point-source emitter of CO2 to continue unabated.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000586#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The CER identifies several missing or unclear elements in the assessment of individual policies, including the lack of socio-economic benefits in the Green Transport Strategy, uncertainty regarding rebound effects in the National Energy Efficiency Strategy, and the omission of various carbon-sink policies in the AFOLU sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000586#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The Draft Report concludes that the electricity sector is the primary driver for decarbonizing the South African economy, primarily through switching from coal to renewables and gas. The CER asserts these findings should be used to revise the IRP 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000586#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["ghg emissions","energy transition","coal-fired power","decarbonization","renewable energy","carbon tax","socio-economic impact"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy review","stakeholder submission"]},{"id":"cer-000087","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000087","title":"SKM_28720061815070","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/17-06-2020-Heads-of-ArgumentChronology-Table-Rule-10-and-10A.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This document consists of the heads of argument filed on 17 June 2020 by four applicants (including the Mpukunyoni Traditional Council and labor unions) seeking admission as amicus curiae in an appeal before the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa. The applicants argue against a proposed interim interdict that would stop the mining operations of Tendele Coal Mining (Pty) Ltd, asserting that such a closure would cause disastrous socio-economic harm to the local community and the South African ferrochrome industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000087#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The applicants argue that halting Tendele Coal Mining's operations would be financially ruinous and disastrous for the local community and employees, as it may not be viable for the mine to resume operations after a closure, regardless of the duration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000087#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Tendele Coal Mining is a critical supplier for the South African ferrochrome industry, providing approximately 80% of the required high-quality anthracite. A shutdown could force the industry to rely on more expensive imports and threaten the employment of roughly 20,000 people.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000087#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The mine operates in a deep rural area with a population of about 220,000 and high unemployment. As of 2019, Tendele directly and indirectly employs over 1,500 people, with 80% originating from the local community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000087#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Community members and employees hold a 20% shareholding in Tendele following a 2015 BEE transaction, with the community owning 80% of that share and employees owning the remaining 20%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000087#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The applicants suggest that if the court finds Tendele's conduct unconstitutional, it should use its discretion under section 172(1)(b) of the Constitution to grant alternative remedies, such as a structural interdict or a suspension of the interdict, rather than closing the mine.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000087#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The appellants in the case represent less than 2% of the community members, while the majority of the community supports the continuation of the mining operations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000087#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","coal mining","environmental legislation","socio-economic impact"],"geography_discussed":["Mtubatuba Local Municipality","Hlabisa Local Municipality"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["legal argument","socio-economic impact assessment"]}]}