{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"climate_tags":["hurricane"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":154,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?climate_tags=hurricane","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?climate_tags=hurricane&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"gclifun-005321","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gclifun-005321","title":"Climate Resilience of the Water Sector in The Bahamas","publisher":{"name":"Green Climate Fund","organization":"green-climate-fund"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2026-04-17","source_url":"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/fp298.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The project addresses the vulnerability of The Bahamas' water sector to hurricanes, storm surges, and sea level rise, which threaten the nation's primary natural freshwater source: shallow groundwater lenses. The proposal outlines a strategy to shift the national water utility, Water and Sewerage Corporation (WSC), away from a costly and financially unsustainable reliance on reverse osmosis (RO) desalination toward the sustainable use of climate-resilient groundwater. This will be achieved through three main outputs: strengthening national water policy and legislation, establishing a national water resources monitoring network and management unit (WRMU) with a decision support system (DSS), and implementing physical infrastructure upgrades across six priority islands. The project aims to benefit 415,000 people, with 215,273 receiving direct infrastructure improvements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005321#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Bahamas is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its low-lying geography, with 83% of the country situated less than 5 metres above sea level, exposing the population to cyclone-strength winds, storm surges, and inland flooding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005321#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The nation's primary natural freshwater source, shallow groundwater lenses, is extremely fragile and threatened by reduced recharge from rising temperatures, sea level rise, and salinisation from storm surges.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005321#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Water and Sewerage Corporation (WSC) is financially unsustainable due to a heavy reliance on expensive reverse osmosis (RO) desalination, which accounted for 81% of produced water by 2022 and 49% of operating expenses (OPEX).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005321#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project will establish a national Water Resources Management Unit (WRMU) and a Decision Support System (DSS) to provide the technical capacity and data needed for climate-informed water management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005321#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Infrastructure investments will target six priority islands—South Andros, Mangrove Cay, North and Central Andros, Abaco, Acklins, and the Windsor Wellfield in New Providence—focusing on climate-proofing pumping stations, increasing storage, and reducing water loss.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005321#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project aims to achieve a paradigm shift by moving the water sector toward a sustainable financial model where reduced RO dependency and tariff reforms enable the utility to fund its own climate-resilient capital expenditures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005321#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Total financing for the project is USD 65.199 million, consisting of a USD 37.506 million GCF grant, a USD 12.546 million GCF concessional loan, a USD 12.546 million CDB loan, and USD 2.602 million in in-kind contributions from WSC.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005321#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sea level rise","storm surge","hurricane","Integrated Water Resources Management","climate finance","water security","water-management","climate change adaptation"],"geography_discussed":["New Providence","Grand Bahama","Andros","Abaco Islands","Acklins","Mangrove Cay"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["funding proposal","climate risk assessment","financial analysis"]},{"id":"climcent-000036","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/climcent-000036","title":"Climate Change is Disrupting Air Travel","publisher":{"name":"Climate Central","organization":"climate-central"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2026-02-04","source_url":"https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/climate-change-and-transportation-2026","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details how climate change disrupts U.S. transportation systems through acute events like hurricanes and chronic stressors like sea level rise. It highlights significant projected costs for asphalt maintenance and railroad delays, the vulnerability of coastal highways and bridges, and the necessity of proactive adaptation, such as using heat-resistant materials and nature-based solutions, to mitigate economic losses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000036#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Extreme heat causes physical degradation of transportation materials, leading to warping, buckling, and the malfunction of mechanical parts in infrastructure like movable bridges. Under an intermediate emissions scenario, this is projected to increase asphalt pavement maintenance costs by $21.8 billion by 2070 and cause cumulative railroad delays costing up to $60 billion by 2100.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000036#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Wildfires in the western U.S. damage roadways by melting asphalt binder and increasing the likelihood of subsequent landslides. Between 2000 and 2019, over 256,000 miles of roads in the contiguous U.S. were exposed to large fires.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000036#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Increased precipitation and sea level rise threaten coastal and underground infrastructure. Up to 100,000 U.S. bridges, primarily in the east, are vulnerable to flooding from heavier rainfall, with adaptation costs estimated between $140 billion and $250 billion by 2100. Additionally, high tide flooding frequency in the U.S. has more than doubled since 2000 and is expected to more than triple by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000036#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sea level rise is projected to cause a 10-fold increase in East Coast traffic delays due to high tide flooding by 2060 compared to the 2010s. By 2056–2065, high tide flooding could occur almost daily in several states, including Florida, North Carolina, Maryland, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Washington, D.C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000036#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Adaptation strategies to improve resilience include using higher heat grades of asphalt, implementing nature-based solutions like living shorelines, and incorporating future climate projections into infrastructure planning. Proactive adaptation could save tens of billions of dollars annually in climate-related costs for U.S. roads and railroads by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000036#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extreme heat","wildfire","sea level rise","hurricane","coastal erosion","storm surge","climate change adaptation","nature-based solutions"],"geography_discussed":["Alaska","New York City","Connecticut","New Jersey","Maryland","Washington, D.C.","North Carolina","Florida","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["risk assessment","economic projection","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"commgmu-000103","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000103","title":"Climate Change in the American Mind: Beliefs & Attitudes, Fall 2025","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2026-01-27","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/climate-change-in-the-american-mind-beliefs-attitudes-fall-2025/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that a majority of Americans believe global warming is happening and is primarily human-caused, though many underestimate the level of public concern. While most perceive global warming as affecting U.S. weather and extreme events, few discuss the topic frequently with others.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000103#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A significant majority of Americans believe global warming is occurring and is primarily caused by human activity, with 72% stating it is happening and 58% attributing it to human causes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000103#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a widespread misperception of public opinion regarding climate concern; 61% of Americans underestimate the proportion of the population worried about global warming, and only 8% estimate this percentage accurately.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000103#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans perceive global warming as a driver of various extreme weather events and environmental hazards in the United States, most notably extreme heat (74%), wildfires (72%), and droughts (72%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000103#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local-level concern is high, with 80% of Americans worried that air pollution and 79% worried that water pollution and electricity power outages will harm their local area.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000103#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite personal concern, global warming is not a frequent topic of daily life; 44% of Americans never discuss it with family and friends, and 27% never think about it.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000103#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Consumer activism is present but limited, with 31% of Americans having rewarded companies taking steps to reduce global warming and 26% having punished those opposing such steps in the past year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000103#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Personal importance of global warming has declined to its lowest level in 10 years, with 59% saying it is personally important, a 5 percentage point drop since Spring 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000103#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","extreme heat","wildfire","drought","hurricane","air pollution","water pollution","water scarcity","vector-borne disease"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"ucs-000943","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000943","title":"Power After the Storm","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2026-01","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2026-02/Power-After-the-Storm.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes power outage data from 2014 to 2024 in the central United States, specifically the MISO+ region, finding that all of the 100 worst outage days were caused by extreme weather. It highlights that the 10 most severe events occurred after 2020 and were often compound disasters, such as hurricanes combined with flooding or winter storms with tornadoes. The document argues that climate change is intensifying these risks—increasing the frequency of derechos, the rainfall of hurricanes, and the potential for severe winter outbreaks—while disproportionately impacting socially vulnerable communities. It recommends that utilities, states, and regional operators implement comprehensive climate risk assessments, accelerate the clean energy transition, and engage in meaningful community partnership to build a resilient grid.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Every one of the 100 worst power outage days in the central United States between 2014 and 2024, based on the maximum number of customers affected, was caused by a large-scale extreme weather event.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most severe power outages are typically the result of compounding disasters rather than single weather events, such as a hurricane occurring alongside coastal and inland flooding or a winter storm paired with a tornado outbreak.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a recent escalation in grid failure severity, with all of the 10 largest power outage events in the MISO+ region occurring since 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is projected to increase severe thunderstorm activity, including derechos and hail-producing storms, particularly in regions east of the Mississippi River and south from Arkansas by the end of the century.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While the total number of hurricanes may be uncertain, those that make landfall in the U.S. are intensifying more rapidly and carrying more extreme precipitation due to human-caused climate change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Winter storm patterns are shifting; while the overall cold season is shrinking and snowfall may decrease in some areas, storms that do occur may be more intense, and Arctic warming may bring severe cold to regions not typically accustomed to it.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Power outages exacerbate existing social inequities, as lower-income residents in mobile homes or apartments often face greater damage and longer wait times for power restoration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current grid resilience planning in the MISO+ region is largely inadequate and piecemeal, with only Michigan, Texas, and the city of New Orleans requiring utilities to file specific resilience plans as of January 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Winter Storm Uri in February 2021 demonstrated the critical need for an interconnected bulk transmission system to allow regions to import power from less-affected areas, a capability that was lacking in the isolated Texas grid.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000943#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Resilience (power system)","extreme weather event","climate change","energy justice","electric power transmission","hurricane","energy transition","Climate risk assessment","decarbonization"],"geography_discussed":["Texas","Louisiana","Michigan","Iowa","New Orleans","Mississippi","Minnesota"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["historical data analysis","climate projection review","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"climcent-000049","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/climcent-000049","title":"Attribution Science 101","publisher":{"name":"Climate Central","organization":"climate-central"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2025-12-03","source_url":"https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/attribution-science-101","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document introduces attribution science as a method to measure how human-caused climate change affects the likelihood, frequency, and intensity of weather events by comparing current observations with simulated 'counterfactual' worlds. It details Climate Central's specific tools, such as the Climate Shift Index (CSI) for air and sea surface temperatures and the Tropical Cyclone CSI for hurricane wind speeds. The guide distinguishes between different types of attribution—event, trend, source, and impact—and notes that while temperature-related events are highly quantifiable, other severe weather like tornadoes remains an active area of research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000049#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Event attribution science utilizes advanced computer models and observed data to compare the current carbon-polluted world with a simulated 'counterfactual scenario'—a cooler world without human-caused heat-trapping pollution—to determine how much more likely or intense a weather event has become.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000049#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The ability to quantify the climate change 'fingerprint' varies by weather type: temperature-related events like heat waves can almost always be measured with high confidence, whereas the influence on severe weather such as thunderstorms or tornadoes cannot yet be confidently quantified for specific storms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000049#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate Central has developed three specific attribution tools: the Climate Shift Index (CSI) for daily air temperatures (ranging from -5 to +5), the Ocean CSI for sea surface temperatures (ranging from -1000 to +1000), and the Tropical Cyclone CSI for calculating increases in hurricane wind speeds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000049#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Attribution science is divided into four subfields: event attribution (specific events), trend attribution (long-term global trends in temperature, precipitation, and sea level), source attribution (tracing pollution to specific industries or entities), and impact attribution (quantifying socio-economic and health consequences).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000049#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extreme event attribution","extreme weather event","heat wave","hurricane","wildfire","sea surface temperature","carbon dioxide emissions","fossil fuel","climate change litigation"],"geography_discussed":["North America","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["educational guide"]},{"id":"commyale-000033","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000033","title":"Americans understand that global warming is increasing homeowners insurance","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-09-09","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/americans-understand-that-global-warming-is-increasing-homeowners-insurance/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A May 2025 survey of 1,040 U.S. adults found that while 82% of Americans believe homeowners insurance costs are increasing, only 48% attribute this rise to global warming. In contrast, 69% link the increases to disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires. Other highly cited drivers include inflation (70%) and insurance company profits (69%). A significant political divide exists regarding the role of global warming, with 71% of liberal Democrats and only 27-28% of Republicans acknowledging its contribution.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000033#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A vast majority of Americans perceive an increase in homeowners insurance costs, with 82% stating costs are rising and 66% specifying they are increasing \"a lot.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000033#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans identify several primary drivers for rising insurance costs, with inflation (70%), corporate profits (69%), and weather-related disasters (69%) being the most cited factors. Increased property values were cited by 63% of respondents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000033#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a notable gap between the attribution of insurance costs to specific disasters versus global warming; 69% of Americans link costs to disasters, while only 48% link them to global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000033#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Political affiliation strongly influences the perception of global warming's role in insurance costs. While 71% of liberal Democrats and 61% of moderate/conservative Democrats see a link, only 27% of liberal/moderate Republicans and 28% of conservative Republicans do.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000033#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The perception gap regarding the link between global warming and insurance costs is most pronounced among Republicans, where more than twice as many people attribute costs to \"disasters\" (68%) than to \"global warming\" (27%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000033#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","extreme weather event","wildfire","flood","hurricane","climate change communication"],"geography_discussed":["California"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commgmu-000061","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000061","title":"About half of Americans understand that global warming is increasing homeowners insurance costs","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2025-09-08","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/about-half-of-americans-understand-that-global-warming-is-increasing-homeowners-insurance-costs/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A May 2025 survey of 1,040 U.S. adults found that while 82% believe homeowners insurance costs are increasing, only 48% attribute this rise to global warming. Other factors, including inflation (70%), corporate profits (69%), and weather-related disasters (69%), are more widely cited as contributors. A significant political divide exists: 71% of liberal Democrats and 61% of moderate/conservative Democrats link global warming to rising costs, compared to only 27% of liberal/moderate Republicans and 28% of conservative Republicans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000061#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A vast majority of Americans perceive a rise in homeowners insurance costs, with 82% stating costs are increasing and 66% specifying they are increasing \"a lot.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000061#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 48% of Americans believe global warming contributes to rising insurance costs, more people attribute the increases to other factors: inflation (70%), insurance company profits (69%), disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires (69%), and increased property values (63%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000061#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a sharp political divide regarding the role of global warming in insurance costs. Support for this link is high among Democrats (71% for liberal Democrats and 61% for moderate/conservative Democrats) but low among Republicans (27% for liberal/moderate Republicans and 28% for conservative Republicans).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000061#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A perception gap exists specifically among Republicans, who are more than twice as likely to attribute rising costs to \"disasters\" (68%) than to \"global warming\" (27%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000061#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","extreme weather event","wildfire","flood","hurricane"],"geography_discussed":["California"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"climcent-000324","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/climcent-000324","title":"Comments on the Department of Energy’s (DOE) recent report, “A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate.”","publisher":{"name":"Climate Central","organization":"climate-central"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2025-09-02","source_url":"https://assets.ctfassets.net/cxgxgstp8r5d/1zRRPSP5ymvP6yfgQ21Tob/0aba25c08ac3d2cccc1be856f8e369a0/DOE_report_public_comments.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Climate Central argues that the Department of Energy (DOE) report, “A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate,” fails to represent the scientific consensus and should not serve as a policy basis. The organization asserts that the DOE report selectively ignores two decades of scientific developments and omits major international assessments. Specifically, Climate Central contends that the DOE understates the link between human-caused climate change and the increasing intensity, rainfall, and rapid intensification of hurricanes, as well as the acceleration of sea-level rise. It further argues that the DOE's analysis of temperature extremes is misleading by focusing on the 1930s Dust Bowl era without global context and that its assessment of wildfires in the western U.S. is incomplete. Finally, the document disputes the DOE's claims regarding solar variations and the validity of extreme event attribution (EEA) methodologies, while arguing that the DOE's use of GDP to downplay disaster costs ignores the increasing physical hazards of climate change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000324#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The DOE report is not representative of the scientific consensus and omits major international assessments and scientific developments from the last twenty years, making it unsuitable as a basis for policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000324#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The DOE report understates the impact of climate change on hurricanes by focusing on frequency rather than changes in characteristics such as intensity, rainfall, and rapid intensification.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000324#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The DOE report's analysis of U.S. temperature extremes is misleading because it emphasizes the 1930s Dust Bowl era as a regional anomaly without providing the broader global context of cooler temperatures during that period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000324#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The DOE report provides an incomplete assessment of wildfires in the western United States, omitting evidence that anthropogenic climate change has increased burned areas, fire season length, and fuel aridity via vapor pressure deficit (VPD).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000324#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Contrary to the DOE report's claims, peer-reviewed research indicates that sea-level rise is accelerating globally and around the contiguous U.S., and that human activity is the dominant driver.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000324#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The DOE report incorrectly asserts significant uncertainty regarding the role of solar variations in climate change, whereas the IPCC AR6 concludes that solar activity is not a significant contributor to long-term trends.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000324#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The DOE report's use of GDP to suggest that disaster costs are manageable does not refute the fact that climate-driven hazards—such as the frequency of billion-dollar disasters—are increasing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climcent-000324#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","hurricane","tropical cyclone","sea level rise","wildfire","extreme event attribution","climate finance","urban heat island"],"geography_discussed":["North Atlantic Ocean","Central United States","Canada","Colombia","Venezuela","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scientific critique","policy comment"]},{"id":"commgmu-000146","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000146","title":"Climate Change in the American Mind: Beliefs & Attitudes","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-09","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/climate-change-american-mind-beliefs-attitudes-fall-2025.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Fall 2025 'Climate Change in the American Mind' report finds that 72% of Americans believe global warming is happening, with 58% attributing it primarily to human activities. While 64% of adults express worry about global warming, a significant majority (61%) underestimate the prevalence of this concern among the general public. The report highlights a high level of perceived risk, with majorities believing global warming will harm plant and animal species (69%) and future generations (68%). However, personal and social engagement remains relatively low, as 44% of respondents say they never discuss global warming with family and friends. Consumer activism is present but limited, with 31% of Americans reporting they have rewarded companies taking steps to reduce global warming through their purchases in the past year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A strong majority of Americans believe global warming is occurring, with those who believe it is happening outnumbering those who do not by more than 5 to 1 (72% vs 13%). When those who are unsure are asked for a best guess, the total percentage who think it is happening or lean toward that position rises to 81%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most Americans attribute global warming to human activity rather than natural causes, with 58% stating it is mostly human-caused compared to 29% who believe it is mostly caused by natural changes in the environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a general understanding of scientific consensus, as 57% of Americans recognize that most scientists believe global warming is happening, while 23% erroneously believe there is significant disagreement among scientists.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 64% of Americans are at least \"somewhat worried\" about global warming, there is a widespread misperception of this public sentiment; 61% of Americans underestimate the proportion of the population that is worried, and only 8% accurately estimate the percentage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans perceive significant risks to various groups and the environment, with majorities believing global warming will harm plant and animal species (69%), future generations (68%), the world’s poor (64%), people in developing countries (62%), people in the United States (60%), and the health of Americans (59%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant portion of the population perceives immediate harm and personal impact, with 44% believing people in the U.S. are being harmed \"right now\" and 47% stating they have personally experienced the effects of global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans identify several extreme weather events and environmental issues in the U.S. as being affected by global warming, most notably extreme heat (74%), wildfires (72%), and droughts (72%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Personal and social engagement with the topic is relatively infrequent; 27% of Americans say they never think about global warming, and 44% say they never discuss it with family and friends.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Personal importance and responsibility are high, with 59% of Americans stating the issue is personally important to them and 59% feeling a personal responsibility to help reduce global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Consumer activism is practiced by a minority of the population, with 31% rewarding companies that reduce global warming by buying their products and 25% punishing opposing companies by boycotting them in the past 12 months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000146#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","extreme heat","wildfire","drought","hurricane","air pollution","water pollution","flood","water scarcity","vector-borne disease"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"commyale-000189","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000189","title":"Climate Change in the American Mind: Beliefs & Attitudes","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-09","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/app/uploads/2026/01/climate-change-american-mind-beliefs-attitudes-fall-2025.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Fall 2025 report on 'Climate Change in the American Mind' reveals that 72% of Americans believe global warming is happening, with 58% attributing it primarily to human activity. While 64% express worry about global warming, a significant majority (61%) underestimate the prevalence of this concern among their fellow citizens. The report highlights a strong perception that global warming is currently affecting U.S. weather, particularly extreme heat (74%), wildfires (72%), and droughts (72%). Despite these beliefs, frequent discussion of the topic remains low, with 44% of adults stating they never discuss global warming with family and friends. Personal importance of the issue has declined to 59%, the lowest level in 10 years. Consumer activism is present but limited, with 31% rewarding climate-friendly companies and 26% punishing those opposing climate action over the past year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000189#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A strong majority of Americans believe global warming is occurring and is primarily caused by humans. Specifically, 72% think global warming is happening, and 58% believe it is \"mostly human-caused,\" compared to 29% who attribute it to \"natural changes in the environment.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000189#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gap between actual public worry and the perception of that worry. While 64% of Americans are at least \"somewhat worried\" about global warming, 61% of the population underestimate the proportion of other Americans who share this concern.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000189#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans perceive global warming as a current threat to the United States, with 44% believing people in the U.S. are being harmed \"right now\" and 47% reporting they have personally experienced its effects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000189#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global warming is widely seen as influencing extreme weather in the U.S., with the highest perceived impacts being extreme heat (74%), wildfires (72%), and droughts (72%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000189#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite personal concern, social engagement and frequent communication about global warming are low. Only 20% of Americans discuss the topic with family and friends at least a few times a month, and 44% say they \"never discuss global warming with family and friends.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000189#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Personal importance of global warming has reached a decade-low. Currently, 59% of Americans consider the issue \"extremely,\" \"very,\" or \"somewhat\" important to them personally, which is a 5 percentage point decrease from Spring 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000189#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A minority of Americans have considered relocating their homes to avoid climate impacts, with 12% stating they have considered moving to avoid effects such as sea-level rise, flooding, heat waves, or wildfires.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000189#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Consumer activism is utilized by about one-third of the population. In the past 12 months, 31% of Americans bought products from companies taking steps to reduce global warming, and 26% avoided products from companies opposing such steps.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000189#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","extreme heat","wildfire","drought","hurricane","air pollution","flood","water scarcity","water pollution","vector-borne disease","climate migration"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"ciel-000014","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-000014","title":"Will states lead — or leave US communities to face disaster alone?","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":"2025-08-21","source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/hurricane-petrochemicals/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document warns that intensifying hurricanes, fueled by fossil fuel-driven climate change, are posing an escalating threat to US communities, especially those near petrochemical facilities. It highlights a systemic failure where the US government is dismantling essential safety agencies and forecasting tools, while insurance companies profit from fossil fuel investments while withdrawing coverage from vulnerable homeowners. The authors call on state and local leaders to implement safety rules and halt fossil fuel expansion to protect residents from toxic releases and financial ruin.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000014#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Gulf Coast is highly vulnerable to hurricanes due to its concentration of petrochemical infrastructure, with over 870 hazardous chemical facilities located within 50 miles of the coast and 4 million residents and 1,500 schools within 1.5 miles of a high-risk facility.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000014#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Trump administration has systematically weakened US disaster preparedness by cutting staff at NOAA and the National Weather Service, dismantling the Chemical Safety Board, proposing rollbacks of the Risk Management Program (RMP), and planning to eliminate FEMA.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000014#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Petrochemical infrastructure both increases disaster risk and contributes to the climate crisis; 80 percent of new petrochemical projects proposed over the last decade were sited within 20 miles of a hurricane or tropical storm path.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000014#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The insurance industry is accused of a contradictory business model: increasing home insurance premiums (which rose by 10 percent or more in 40 states from 2021 to 2024) and withdrawing coverage from vulnerable areas while simultaneously investing in and underwriting fossil fuel infrastructure, including LNG export terminals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000014#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["hurricane","climate change","fossil fuel","climate finance","insurance","disaster risk reduction","environmental justice"],"geography_discussed":["Texas","North Carolina","Louisiana","Pennsylvania"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","advocacy"]},{"id":"cliint-000045","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cliint-000045","title":"How Big Oil is Fueling the Insurance Crisis And Why State Policymakers Should Act","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Integrity","organization":"center-for-climate-integrity"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-08","source_url":"https://climateintegrity.org/uploads/media/Fueling-the-Insurance-Crisis-2025.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines how climate change is creating a home insurance crisis in the U.S., characterized by skyrocketing premiums and widespread policy non-renewals. It asserts that 'Big Oil' companies, who knew about the risks of fossil fuels as early as 1954, are responsible for these conditions. The report highlights specific state-level crises in Florida, California, and Hawaiʻi, and advocates for policy solutions—such as subrogation and legislative surcharges—to shift the financial burden from policyholders to the fossil fuel industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000045#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change is driving a significant increase in home insurance costs and a decrease in availability across the U.S., with premiums rising by an average of 24% over the last three years and rates increasing in 95% of U.S. ZIP codes between 2021 and 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000045#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The insurance crisis is leading to a rise in uninsured homeowners, with 12% of Americans lacking home insurance in 2024, compared to 5% in 2019. This is compounded by insurers withdrawing from entire states and communities, particularly in hurricane-prone Florida, Louisiana, and North Carolina, and wildfire-prone areas of California, Oregon, and Idaho.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000045#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a systemic risk that the insurance crisis will trigger a broader financial crisis, as the inability to secure home insurance prevents homeowners from obtaining mortgages, potentially leading to a 'climate-induced credit crunch' and declining property values.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000045#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fossil fuel companies had internal knowledge of the climate impacts of their products as early as 1954 and predicted global warming in the 1970s and 1980s, yet they engaged in a decades-long disinformation campaign to deceive the public and protect profits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000045#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Several U.S. states are pursuing or proposing mechanisms to make the fossil fuel industry pay for insurance costs: Hawaiʻi has endorsed the use of subrogation to sue polluters; California's Senate Bill 222 aims to shift the burden of increased costs to fossil fuel companies; and Connecticut proposed a surcharge on insurers that underwrite fossil fuel projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000045#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","fossil fuel industry","climate change litigation","extreme weather event","wildfire","hurricane","sea level rise","climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["California","Florida","Hawaii","Texas","Louisiana","Illinois","Washington","Connecticut","Rhode Island","Colorado","New York","Oregon","Idaho","North Carolina"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","case study"]},{"id":"commgmu-000051","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000051","title":"Climate Change in the American Mind: Politics & Policy, Spring 2025","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-07-07","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/climate-change-in-the-american-mind-beliefs-attitudes-spring-2025/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A May 2025 survey of 1,040 American adults reveals that 69% believe global warming is happening and 60% attribute it to human causes. While 65% of respondents are at least 'somewhat worried' and many perceive risks to their local communities from extreme weather, 65% rarely or never discuss the issue with family and friends. The report also highlights a sense of personal agency, with 60% disagreeing that it is too late to act and 53% disagreeing that technology alone can solve the problem without individual life changes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000051#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of Americans recognize global warming as a human-caused phenomenon and acknowledge scientific consensus. Specifically, 60% believe it is mostly human-caused, while 58% understand that most scientists believe it is happening.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000051#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans report significant emotional distress and personal concern regarding global warming, with 65% stating they are at least \"somewhat worried\" and 29% being \"very worried.\"","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000051#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a strong perception that global warming is already impacting the United States. 64% of Americans believe it is affecting U.S. weather, and 46% report they have personally experienced its effects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000051#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Americans perceive high risks from various extreme weather events in the U.S., with the highest concerns relating to extreme heat (75%), wildfires (72%), droughts (72%), and flooding (71%). Additionally, 58% believe extreme weather poses a high or moderate risk to their own community over the next decade.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000051#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite personal concern, social discussion of global warming remains low; 65% of Americans rarely or never discuss the topic with friends and family, and only 37% hear about it in the media at least once a month.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000051#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of Americans maintain a sense of personal agency and responsibility. 60% disagree that it is too late to act, 55% disagree that individual actions make no difference, and 61% feel a personal responsibility to help reduce global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000051#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most Americans do not believe technology is a substitute for individual behavioral changes, with 53% disagreeing that new technologies can solve global warming without people making big changes in their lives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000051#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","extreme weather event","climate change communication","climate change adaptation","extreme heat","wildfire","drought","flood","sea level rise","hurricane","air pollution","water pollution","vector-borne disease"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey"]},{"id":"costratri-000115","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000115","title":"Climate Security Questions Ahead of US Secretary of Commerce Lutnick Budget Hearings","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025-06-04","source_url":"https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/2025/06/04/climate-security-questions-ahead-of-us-secretary-of-commerce-lutnick-budget-hearings/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Center for Climate and Security (CCS) urges US lawmakers to challenge Secretary of Commerce Lutnick on proposed FY 2026 budget cuts to NOAA. The briefing highlights risks to weather forecasting, climate monitoring, and public safety, noting that funding lapses have already disabled four regional climate centers and that 27,000 years of staff experience have been lost. CCS specifically questions the decommissioning of 14 data services, the status of the Atlas 15 precipitation project, and the lack of funding for extreme heat monitoring, arguing that these cuts undermine the $7 billion private weather services market and US national security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000115#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Administration has implemented significant budget cuts to NOAA, resulting in the loss of 27,000 years of professional experience due to staff leaving or retiring.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000115#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Funding lapses have already caused four regional climate centers, which provide weather analysis and data for 21 US states, to stop operating, with the remaining two centers facing similar lapses in June.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000115#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fourteen NOAA data services covering coastal, marine, and earthquake science are scheduled for decommissioning, a rate more than double that of 2024; this includes the Billion Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters dataset.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000115#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The National Weather Service (NWS) provides the free data foundation for a private weather services market valued at $7 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000115#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Heat-related deaths in the US more than doubled between 1999 and 2023, rising from approximately 1,100 to over 2,300.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000115#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas monitoring","extreme weather event","hurricane","extreme heat","national security"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy briefing"]},{"id":"ucs-000797","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000797","title":"Keeping Everyone’s Lights On","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-06","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/Keeping-Everyones-Lights-On-Full-Report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the vulnerabilities of the US power grid to climate change, highlighting how extreme heat, wildfires, winter storms, and hurricanes cause widespread outages. It argues that current planning focuses on reliability under typical conditions rather than resilience to high-impact, low-frequency events. The authors emphasize that structural inequities, such as the legacy of redlining, leave low-income communities and people of color disproportionately vulnerable to the life-threatening consequences of power loss. The document recommends that regional transmission organizations (RTOs) and independent system operators (ISOs) adopt forward-looking climate risk assessments, integrate energy justice principles, and reform economic metrics like the Value of Lost Load (VOLL) to prioritize human vulnerability over economic activity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of weather-related power outages in the US; between 2000 and 2020, such outages increased by 67 percent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical distinction between grid reliability, which manages routine uncertainty, and resilience, which is the ability to anticipate, prepare for, withstand, and recover from 'high-impact, low-frequency' (HILF) events.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regional and interregional transmission is essential for resilience because it provides redundancy and allows utilities to share generating resources across large geographic areas during extreme weather.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Structural inequities, specifically the history of redlining and exclusionary zoning, have created a legacy of disinvestment that leaves marginalized communities with aging infrastructure and higher energy burdens, making them more vulnerable to outages.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Power restoration is frequently prioritized based on economic activity rather than human vulnerability, which prolongs outages in lower-income areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'value of lost load' (VOLL) metric used by system planners is biased because it relies on a customer's 'willingness to pay,' which reflects financial capacity rather than actual vulnerability to power loss.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Federal efforts to improve resilience are insufficient; FERC's Order 1920 requires the study of future needs but does not mandate the construction of resilient infrastructure, and Order No. 896 focuses on historical rather than projected climate data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"State-level resilience planning is inconsistent, with only 14 states and the city of New Orleans requiring electric utilities to file resilience plans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regional transmission planning is often inadequate; a report by Americans for a Clean Energy Grid found that six of ten regions scored a D+ or worse on deploying robust planning methods for future uncertainty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000797#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Resilience (power system)","extreme heat","wildfire","hurricane","energy justice","climate finance","electric power transmission","decarbonization","just transition","Climate risk assessment"],"geography_discussed":["Texas","Florida","Louisiana","Puerto Rico","Maui","New Orleans"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","risk assessment","equity analysis"]},{"id":"costratri-000057","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/costratri-000057","title":"State-Level Climate Security Education: South Carolina","publisher":{"name":"The Council on Strategic Risks","organization":"the-council-on-strategic-risks"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025-05-30","source_url":"https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/2025/05/30/state-level-climate-security-education-south-carolina/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details South Carolina's high susceptibility to sea level rise, hurricanes, and droughts, noting that 101 weather disasters with losses over $1 billion occurred between 1980 and April 2025. It highlights the critical role of federal support from NOAA, FEMA, and USDA in maintaining coastal resilience, providing disaster aid, and supporting military installations. The briefing warns that proposed FY 2026 budget cuts—including the elimination of the Sea Grant program and significant reductions in coastal research and FEMA funding—would severely hinder the state's ability to manage climate risks and protect its economy and national security infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000057#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"South Carolina has experienced extreme economic losses from weather and climate disasters, with 101 confirmed events causing losses exceeding $1 billion each between 1980 and April 2025. These events include 44 severe storms, 25 tropical cyclones, 13 droughts, 13 winter storms, and 3 floods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000057#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The state is the 4th most vulnerable in the US to coastal flooding. Environmental changes such as warming sea temperatures, acidification, and lower oxygen levels are disrupting the fishing of shrimp and black sea bass, while salt marshes can reduce property damage from extreme weather by up to 20%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000057#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Drought and extreme heat are increasing in frequency and severity. In 2024, every county in South Carolina experienced drought conditions. Projections suggest that by mid-century, Columbia could see up to 65 days per year with a heat index over 100°F, compared to a current average of 15 days.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000057#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major US military installations in South Carolina face significant climate risks. Parris Island, Fort Jackson, and Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort are estimated to see increases in days per year with a heat index above 100°F of 61%, 46%, and 59%, respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000057#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Federal agencies provide essential resilience and recovery services: NOAA manages sustainable fisheries and coastal resilience (including 23 planned IRA and BIL projects worth $33.4 million), while FEMA provides disaster assistance and Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) projects funded on a 75% federal and 25% non-federal basis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000057#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proposed FY 2026 budget cuts would eliminate several critical programs, including the Sea Grant program, NOAA’s Coastal Zone Management Grants, and the National Coastal Resilience Fund. Additionally, the USDA’s Rural Development Community Facilities Grant and Loan Program, which provides $721 million for community projects, is slated for elimination.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000057#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proposed budget reductions include a $250 million cut to coastal research programs, a potential 29% cut to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and a potential 50% cut to the National Ocean Service (NOS), which could eliminate 27 water level data stations used for road design and flood alerts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"costratri-000057#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sea level rise","coastal flood","hurricane","drought","extreme heat","wildfire","ocean acidification","coastal management","climate finance","disaster risk reduction","national security"],"geography_discussed":["Columbia","Georgia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"ccnow-000109","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ccnow-000109","title":"Summer Weather Reporting Guide","publisher":{"name":"Covering Climate Now","organization":"covering-climate-now"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2025-05-20","source_url":"https://coveringclimatenow.org/resource/summer-weather-reporting-guide/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The guide outlines the relationship between climate change and four types of summer extreme weather. It notes that heat is the deadliest weather event, killing nearly 500,000 people annually since 2000 globally, and that fossil fuel pollution drives these heat waves. It explains that oceans absorb nearly 90% of Earth's excess heat, which supercharges hurricanes by increasing intensity, rain rates, and storm surges. Regarding flooding, the guide states that a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture, leading to more frequent and intense heavy rainfall since the 1950s. Finally, it attributes the increasing threat and length of wildfire seasons to rising temperatures and erratic rainfall patterns that make vegetation more flammable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ccnow-000109#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Extreme heat is the deadliest weather event, causing nearly 500,000 deaths per year globally since 2000, which is approximately 30 times the mortality rate of tropical cyclones. In the United States, heat has caused over 21,000 deaths since 1999.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ccnow-000109#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is increasing the intensity of tropical cyclones across all ocean basins, resulting in heavier rain, stronger winds, and higher storm surges, often through rapid intensification. However, the total annual number of tropical cyclones has not changed significantly over recent decades.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ccnow-000109#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Heavy rainfall has become more frequent and intense across most of the world since the 1950s because a warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture. Precipitation extremes are expected to increase globally with continued warming, regardless of whether average precipitation in a region is decreasing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ccnow-000109#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Wildfire seasons are becoming longer and more dangerous as rising temperatures and erratic rainfall patterns make vegetation drier and more flammable. Rapid shifts between very wet and very dry conditions have contributed to destructive fires in locations such as Los Angeles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ccnow-000109#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extreme heat","heat wave","hurricane","tropical cyclone","flood","wildfire","climate justice"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Los Angeles"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["reporting guide","scientific summary"]},{"id":"ucs-000541","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000541","title":"Danger Season 2025 microsite methodology","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2025-05","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/danger-season-microsite-methodology.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Danger Season 2025 microsite integrates National Weather Service (NWS) alerts, population data, social disadvantage metrics from the Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST), Climate Central’s Climate Shift Index (CSI), and EPA/AirNow’s Air Quality Index (AQI). The methodology focuses on the period from May to October, identifying counties under extreme weather alerts or experiencing unhealthy air quality. It calculates four daily indicators: the total population facing alerts, the percentage of disadvantaged people affected, the percentage of the population facing at least one alert, and the proportion of extreme heat alerts attributable to climate change. The scope includes the contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawai'i, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, though certain datasets like CSI and AQI have specific geographic gaps.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000541#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Danger Season web feature tracks a specific set of National Weather Service (NWS) alerts, including coastal flood, flood, flash flood, lakeshore flood, hurricane, storm, storm surge, inland tropical storm, excessive heat, heat, extreme heat, and fire weather.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000541#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project identifies 'dangerous air quality' as any county where the mean NowCast AQI for PM2.5 equals or exceeds 100, which corresponds to the 'Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups' category.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000541#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To determine the influence of climate change on heat, the methodology uses Climate Central’s Climate Shift Index (CSI), specifically subsetting values of 1 or greater, which indicate a moderate, strong, very strong, extreme, or exceptional influence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000541#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social disadvantage is determined using the Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST), which uses a binary variable to designate Census Tracts based on burdens across categories such as energy burden, pollution, and health.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000541#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There are significant data gaps for air quality monitoring; AQI data is unavailable for Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and 134 counties within the contiguous United States.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000541#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Climate Shift Index (CSI) data is limited to NOAA climate divisions covering the contiguous United States and does not include Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, or the United States Virgin Islands.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000541#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extreme weather event","extreme heat","air quality","extreme event attribution","climate finance","climate justice","coastal flood","hurricane"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["methodology"]},{"id":"cliinstca-000103","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cliinstca-000103","title":"Fiche de renseignement : changements climatiques et tempêtes","publisher":{"name":"Canadian Climate Institute","organization":"canadian-climate-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"fr","date_published":"2025-04-22","source_url":"https://institutclimatique.ca/news/fiche-de-renseignement-changements-climatiques-et-tempetes/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details the link between rising global temperatures and the intensification of extreme weather events in Canada, such as hail, windstorms, and hurricanes. It highlights significant insured losses in provinces like Alberta, Quebec, and Ontario, and notes a trend of tornado-prone areas shifting eastward. The text emphasizes the need for improved early warning systems, resilient building codes, and nature-based coastal protections to adapt to these increasing risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000103#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change increases the energy available to storms, with conditions favorable for severe convective storms expected to increase by 5% to 20% for every degree Celsius of warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000103#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Severe storms cause massive economic losses in Canada; for example, a Calgary hailstorm in August 2024 resulted in over $3.2 billion in insured losses, becoming the second most expensive extreme weather event in the country's history.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000103#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Windstorms are a primary driver of catastrophic losses in Eastern Canada, with windstorms accounting for approximately two-thirds of catastrophic insured losses in Quebec and Ontario between 2008 and 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000103#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regional projections indicate an increase in severe storms and heavy precipitation in the Prairies and Eastern Canada, with specific risks including increased atmospheric instability in southern Quebec and intensified storms in central Alberta.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000103#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"On the Pacific coast, climate change has increased the probability of extreme precipitation events, such as the 2021 British Columbia floods and landslides, by 45% to 60% through the intensification of atmospheric rivers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000103#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is an observed trend of tornado and severe wind-affected zones shifting eastward in Canada, potentially increasing risks for high-density population areas in Ontario and Quebec.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000103#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Atlantic hurricanes are intensifying more rapidly; an Atlantic hurricane is now twice as likely to escalate from Category 1 to a major hurricane (Category 3 or higher) in under 24 hours compared to the 1970s and 1980s.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000103#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Adaptation strategies for Canada include updating building codes for wind and hail resilience, implementing government-funded renovation programs, and using nature-based solutions to stabilize coastlines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000103#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["hurricane","tropical cyclone","climate change adaptation","building code","nature-based solutions","climate finance","sea level rise","storm surge"],"geography_discussed":["North America","Calgary","Quebec","Ontario","Alberta","British Columbia","Atlantic Canada","Atlantic Ocean","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","risk analysis","adaptation strategy"]},{"id":"cliinstca-000275","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cliinstca-000275","title":"Climate change is increasing the intensity of extreme weather across the globe—including storms","publisher":{"name":"Canadian Climate Institute","organization":"canadian-climate-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2025-04-22","source_url":"https://climateinstitute.ca/news/fact-sheet-climate-change-and-storms/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Climate change is intensifying extreme weather globally, with warmer temperatures providing more energy for storms. In Canada, this manifests as more frequent and severe convective storms, including hailstorms, windstorms, and hurricanes. Significant economic losses have already occurred, such as a $3.2 billion hailstorm in Calgary in 2024. Regional projections indicate increased storm intensity in the Prairies, eastern Canada, and Atlantic Canada, while the Pacific coast faces a higher likelihood of extreme atmospheric river events. Adaptation needs include improved forecasting, updated building codes for wind and hail resilience, and revised land-use policies to move development away from high-risk areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000275#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Severe storms are causing massive financial losses in Canada, exemplified by a Calgary hailstorm in August 2024 that resulted in over $3.2 billion in insured losses, making it the second costliest extreme weather event in the country's history.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000275#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Windstorms are a primary driver of catastrophic losses in Ontario and Quebec, with approximately two thirds of such losses between 2008 and 2021 attributed to them, including the 2022 Derecho which caused about $1 billion in insured losses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000275#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regional projections for Canada indicate more severe thunderstorms and heavy rainfall in the Prairies and eastern regions, increased atmospheric instability in southern Quebec, and higher storm intensity in central Alberta.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000275#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"On the Pacific coast, climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of atmospheric rivers, raising the probability of events similar to the 2021 B.C. flooding and landslides by 45 to 60 per cent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000275#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Atlantic hurricanes are intensifying more rapidly and are more likely to reach Canadian coasts; it is now twice as likely for an Atlantic hurricane to intensify from category 1 to a major hurricane (category 3 or higher) within 24 hours compared to the 1970s and 80s.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000275#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Canada requires urgent adaptation measures, including enhancing building codes for wind and hail-resilient roofing, improving forecasting and alert systems, and using land-use regulations to direct housing away from storm-prone areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000275#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["hurricane","tropical cyclone","extreme weather event","climate change adaptation","building code","land-use planning","storm surge","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Calgary","Ontario","Quebec","Alberta","Atlantic Canada","British Columbia","Atlantic Ocean"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","risk assessment","adaptation strategy"]}]}