{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"climate_tags":["gas turbine"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'gas turbine' for facet 'climate_tags' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":4,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?climate_tags=gas+turbine","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"rmi-000694","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/rmi-000694","title":"Gas Turbine Supply Constraints Threaten Grid Reliability; More Affordable Near-Term Solutions Can Help","publisher":{"name":"RMI","organization":"rmi"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-06-18","source_url":"https://rmi.org/resources/gas-turbine-supply-constraints-threaten-grid-reliability-more-affordable-near-term-solutions-can-help/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"US utilities face a projected 270 GW power gap due to rising demand from AI and electrification and the retirement of coal plants. While utilities are increasingly relying on gas-fired capacity, major turbine manufacturers (GE Vernova, Siemens Energy, and Mitsubishi Power) report delivery timelines extending to 2028-2030 and record backlogs. This supply crunch, combined with rising procurement costs—exemplified by a $900 million cost increase for Duke Indiana's Cayuga plant—creates reliability risks. The report suggests alternatives such as energy efficiency, virtual power plants, grid-enhancing technologies, and clean repowering to meet near-term load growth.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000694#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The United States faces a projected 270 GW power gap driven by a 150 GW increase in national peak demand over the next decade and the expected retirement of over 120 GW of existing power generation, primarily mid-20th century coal plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000694#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major gas turbine manufacturers are experiencing significant delivery delays and backlogs. Mitsubishi Power indicates deliveries for current orders will not occur until 2028–2030, GE Vernova states new turbines will not be available until late 2028 at the earliest, and Siemens Energy reports a record backlog of €131 billion (US$148 billion).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000694#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"US utilities are increasing their reliance on gas-fired capacity despite supply constraints. Analysis of 104 utilities showed that planned gas turbine deployments for 2030 doubled from just under 25 GW at the end of 2021 to over 45 GW by the end of 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000694#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Procurement costs for gas plants are rising significantly above planning estimates. For example, Duke Indiana's estimated procurement cost for the Cayuga combined-cycle plant is $2,340 per kilowatt, which is 36 percent higher than its previous resource plan, resulting in a $900 million increase.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000694#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To mitigate reliability risks and cost shocks, the report identifies several ready-to-deploy alternatives that could meet nearly all projected near-term load growth, including energy efficiency, virtual power plants (VPPs), grid-enhancing technologies, clean repowering, and hybrid \"power couples\" at existing fossil generator interconnection points.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000694#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gas turbine","electric energy consumption","Power system reliability","Coal phase-out","energy efficiency","virtual power plant","electrification"],"geography_discussed":["California","Texas","New York"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["supply chain analysis","capacity planning","cost analysis"]},{"id":"gem-000026","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000026","title":"Leading three manufacturers providing two-thirds turbines gas-fired power plants under construction","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2024-08-29","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/research/leading-three-manufacturers-providing-two-thirds-turbines-gas-fired-power-plants-under","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Three companies—GE Vernova, Siemens Energy, and Mitsubishi Power—control two-thirds of the global market for gas turbines in power plants currently under construction. While these firms are expanding through regional partnerships and promoting 'hydrogen-ready' technology, the report argues they face significant geopolitical and financial risks due to the rapid growth of renewables and the potential for gas power overcapacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000026#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"GE Vernova, Siemens Energy, and Mitsubishi Power dominate the global market for gas turbines in gas-fired power plants under construction, collectively holding two-thirds of the market. GE Vernova is the leader with nearly 55 GW of turbines under construction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000026#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Asia is the primary hub for new gas-fired capacity, containing more than two-thirds of the world's capacity under construction. Within Asia, GE Vernova holds a 38% market share, followed by Mitsubishi at 17% and Siemens Energy at 16%. China specifically has 151 GW of gas-fired capacity in development and approximately 46 GW under construction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000026#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Manufacturers are utilizing 'hydrogen-ready' turbines to justify new gas plant construction, but the report identifies this as a 'false solution' due to high costs and lack of infrastructure. Currently, 47% (about 82 GW) of turbines under construction can blend 50% hydrogen, including 20 GW from GE Vernova’s 9HA model. However, a 75% hydrogen blend only reduces CO2 emissions by 50%, and only 1% of global hydrogen is currently derived from renewable sources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000026#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Strategic partnerships in regions like China and Saudi Arabia expose manufacturers to geopolitical risks, as evidenced by Siemens Energy and GE Vernova being forced to exit joint ventures in Russia in 2022 and 2023 respectively. Additionally, the German government blocked the sale of MAN Energy’s gas turbine business to China-based CSIC Longjiang GH Gas Turbine Co. in July 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000026#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The business models of these manufacturers are heavily reliant on long-term service agreements, which are vulnerable to declining asset utilization as renewables replace gas. For GE, services account for 70% of revenue, with approximately 1,700 units under contracts averaging ten years in remaining life.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000026#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gas turbine","gas-fired power station","green hydrogen","energy transition","stranded asset","renewable energy","carbon dioxide emissions","climate finance","Net-zero emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Asia","People's Republic of China","Saudi Arabia","Russia","Germany","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["market analysis","risk assessment"]},{"id":"catf-000894","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/catf-000894","title":"ENERGY INNOVATION at the DEPARTMENT of DEFENSE","publisher":{"name":"Clean Air Task Force","organization":"clean-air-task-force"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2012-03","source_url":"https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/21093611/Energy_Innovation_at_DoD.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines how the DoD's unique capacity for end-to-end research, development, and procurement can be leveraged for energy innovation. It analyzes three case studies—gas turbines, alternative fuels, and soldier-portable power—and compares the innovation models of DARPA and ARPA-E. While the DoD is a powerful engine for technology, the report notes that its contributions to climate goals depend on the alignment of energy needs with the military's core security mission. It highlights the 'Installation Energy Test Bed' as a successful model for overcoming the 'Valley of Death' in technology commercialization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000894#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The DoD possesses a unique institutional capacity to manage the full spectrum of innovation, from conceptual design to production, which is largely absent in other federal agencies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000894#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Military energy innovation is primarily driven by mission-critical needs; technologies that do not directly enhance combat effectiveness or security are less likely to receive sustained support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000894#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The development of gas turbines illustrates a successful DoD model of decoupling generic technology-base R&D from specific system design and procurement to manage complexity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000894#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Alternative fuels, specifically biofuels, are viewed as more sustainable than coal-based synfuels, which would increase net greenhouse gas emissions unless carbon capture and sequestration are implemented.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000894#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant opportunity for reducing the weight of soldier-portable equipment lies in adopting low-power electronic design practices from the commercial sector, which the DoD has largely neglected.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000894#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The DARPA model of innovation is characterized by a flat organization, empowered program managers with limited terms, and a focus on high-risk, high-payoff projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000894#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"ARPA-E replicates the DARPA model but adapts it to the 'occupied territory' of the established energy sector, emphasizing a 'risk mix' and building a community of support to ensure political survival.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000894#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Valley of Death'—the gap between R&D and full deployment—is a primary barrier to energy innovation that the DoD's ESTCP and SERDP programs have successfully addressed for environmental technologies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000894#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","biofuel","carbon capture and storage","distributed generation","energy efficiency","gas turbine","fuel cell","battery","climate change","energy security"],"geography_discussed":["Afghanistan","Iraq"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["institutional analysis","case study","policy assessment"]},{"id":"gem-000149","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000149","title":"Hydrogen as a Gas Turbine Fuel","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/migration/reports/Hydrogen_as_Gas_Turbine_Fuel_Feasibility_and_Considerations_JN_R5_3.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the transition from natural gas to hydrogen in gas turbines, detailing the physical differences between the fuels and the resulting engineering requirements. It highlights that while low-percentage hydrogen blends (~20% or less) can often be used with minimal modifications, higher blends require significant changes to combustion systems to manage NOx emissions and prevent flashback. The paper reviews the current capabilities and development roadmaps of major OEMs, including Ansaldo Energia, General Electric, Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, and Siemens, most of whom target 100% hydrogen capability by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000149#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Hydrogen is an energy carrier rather than a source, and its production is currently dominated by fossil fuels; as of 2021, 98% of global hydrogen was produced using fossil fuels without emissions control, with methane accounting for 76% and coal for 22%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000149#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The relationship between hydrogen volume and CO2 reduction is non-linear because methane's volumetric energy density is nearly three times that of hydrogen; consequently, a blend of approximately 75% hydrogen is needed to achieve a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000149#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Hydrogen presents significant technical challenges for gas turbines due to its physical properties: it has a higher flame speed and burning temperature than natural gas, a larger flammability range, and a tendency to cause material embrittlement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000149#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Combustion system design determines a turbine's hydrogen capacity. Diffusion combustors are more stable and can burn higher percentages of hydrogen today but produce higher NOx emissions requiring dilution. Lean premixed (DLE/DLN) combustors offer superior emissions control but are more prone to flashback and instability with hydrogen.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000149#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major OEMs are developing specific technologies to enable high-hydrogen combustion: GE uses DLN 2.6e systems with hundreds of small nozzles; MHPS is developing a DLE multi-cluster combustor; and Ansaldo Energia utilizes a sequential combustor with two stages.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000149#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Industry leaders are targeting full hydrogen capability by 2030. Ansaldo Energia targets 100% hydrogen burning across all frames by 2030, and Siemens has a target of 100% by 2030 for its latest DLE technologies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000149#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["hydrogen","gas turbine","carbon dioxide emissions","green hydrogen","blue hydrogen","electrolysis","carbon capture and storage","energy transition","carbon neutrality"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Italy","Ohio"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["technical feasibility assessment","industry review"]}]}