{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"climate_tags":["feed-in premium"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'feed-in premium' for facet 'climate_tags' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?climate_tags=feed-in+premium","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"clipolin-000185","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clipolin-000185","title":"Spain: created world-leading CSP industry, shattered investor confidence","publisher":{"name":"Climate Policy Initiative","organization":"climate-policy-initiative"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2014-08-01","source_url":"https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/san-giorgio-group-brief-spain-created-world-leading-csp-industry-shattered-investor-confidence/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines how Spain's Feed-in Tariffs and Feed-in Premiums successfully drove the deployment of 2.3 GW of CSP and fostered a world-leading domestic industry, but later shattered investor confidence through retroactive cost-cutting measures. It highlights that the lack of deployment caps and failure to drive cost reductions led to unsustainable public costs, resulting in a market standstill since 2012 and increased financing costs due to heightened risk aversion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000185#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Spanish financial incentives, specifically the Feed-in Tariff and Feed-in Premium, successfully drove the deployment of 2.3 GW of CSP plants in under five years, with an average of 300MW financed annually between 2006 and 2012.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000185#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The policy framework supported innovation in thermal storage technology, allowing developers to increase revenues by selling electricity during peak price periods and improving plant capacity factors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000185#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Spain developed a dominant global CSP industry, with Spanish companies accounting for 75% of the domestic market and over 55% of CSP capacity installed outside of Spain over a ten-year period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000185#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The absence of deployment caps and a failure to foster market competition meant investment costs did not decrease as capacity grew, leaving Spanish installations more expensive than those in Morocco and India, where costs were nearly 30% lower.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000185#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Retroactive policy changes to reduce support costs caused the domestic CSP market to stop completely, with no new investments since 2012 and a significant increase in investor risk aversion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000185#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Due to current policy uncertainty, any new public support intended to attract CSP investment would need to be nearly 20% higher than previous levels, even if technology costs were reduced by 30%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000185#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["feed-in tariff","feed-in premium","transition finance","energy policy"],"geography_discussed":["India","Morocco"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"iisd-001698","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001698","title":"Incentives for Renewable Energy in Southeast Asia: Case study of Thailand","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2013-02","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/investment_incentives_thailand.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report assesses Thailand's renewable energy incentives, highlighting the success of the ENCON fund and the 'adder' (feed-in premium) scheme, while identifying persistent barriers such as transmission constraints and high import duties on technology.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Thailand's electricity generation is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, primarily natural gas, with renewable energy accounting for only 6.8 per cent (2,156.9 MW) of the total installed capacity of 31,773 MW in 2011.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'adder' or feed-in premium scheme, introduced in 2007, was viewed by stakeholders as the most attractive incentive because it allowed investors to estimate returns and reduce risk through payments on top of market electricity prices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Thai government temporarily suspended the purchase of solar energy under the adder program in 2010 due to over-subscription and high costs to consumers, leading to an investment vacuum in the solar sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Energy Conservation (ENCON) fund serves as the primary source of public finance for renewable energy subsidies, providing investment grants, revolving funds, and ESCO funding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The revolving fund, which provides low-interest loans (maximum 4 per cent) for up to seven years, has helped increase the confidence of commercial banks to invest their own capital in renewable energy projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High import duties on renewable energy equipment, such as a 35 per cent duty on solar panels and inverters, act as a barrier to deployment and increase generation costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-economic barriers significantly hinder investment, specifically the lack of published electricity transmission expansion plans and a slow, non-transparent permitting process involving multiple government departments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis using the Total Cost Indicator (TCI) suggests that biomass adders provide better value for money than solar PV adders, as solar power requires significantly higher premiums to achieve smaller increases in additional generation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Board of Investment (BOI) provides fiscal incentives including corporate income tax exemptions for up to eight years for the manufacture of solar cells and the generation of renewable energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001698#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","biomass","biogas","feed-in tariff","feed-in premium","climate finance","energy efficiency","electric power transmission","carbon credit","clean development mechanism"],"geography_discussed":["Laos"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","policy assessment","economic analysis"]},{"id":"clipolin-001225","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clipolin-001225","title":"The ImpacTs of polIcy on The fInancIng of Renewable pRojecTs: a case sTudy analysIs","publisher":{"name":"Climate Policy Initiative","organization":"climate-policy-initiative"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-10-03","source_url":"https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Policy-Impacts-on-Financing-of-Renewables.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes six case studies—onshore wind in the U.S. and Spain, solar PV in the U.S. and Italy, a solar power tower in the U.S., and offshore wind in Denmark—to determine how policy impacts the cost of finance. It identifies seven policy impact pathways, finding that the duration of revenue support and revenue certainty are the most critical factors in reducing financing costs. The analysis shows that while most projects' costs and returns align with benchmarks, the Italian PV case experienced inflated costs and returns due to a rush to qualify for a Feed-in-Premium. The report concludes that policies reducing risk and providing revenue certainty are essential for attracting institutional investors and scaling innovative technologies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001225#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Policy support was essential for the viability of all six studied projects, providing between 36% and 81% of the cost of electricity. U.S. projects utilized a mix of cost and revenue supports, whereas European projects relied more heavily on revenue support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001225#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The duration of revenue support is the most significant factor affecting financing costs. Reducing the duration of support and long-term debt by 10 years increases financing costs by 11-15% of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) without supports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001225#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Revenue certainty is the second most important factor for financing costs. Shifting from fixed electricity prices (like Feed-in-Tariffs or PPAs) to a premium plus market prices increases financing costs by 4-11% of the LCOE without supports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001225#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Investor risk perceptions significantly influence costs; higher requirements for equity and debt returns can increase financing costs by 3-9% of the LCOE without supports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001225#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"For innovative or less mature projects, government protections against default or direct debt provision are critical. For example, if the U.S. solar power tower were financed without debt, it would have faced additional financing costs equal to 38% of the LCOE without supports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001225#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The availability of construction debt significantly reduces financing costs, with impacts ranging from 8-23% of the LCOE without supports across the six cases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001225#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Italian solar PV facility (Rovigo) exhibited abnormally high equity returns (estimated 27%) and a cost of electricity more than double that of the U.S. PV facility, driven by a high Feed-in-Premium and a rush to complete the project before the premium expired.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001225#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Institutional investors are attracted to renewable projects when there is high revenue certainty, arrangements that insulate them from completion and policy risks, and when the investors possess internal expertise in renewable investments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001225#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["renewable energy","climate finance","offshore wind power","photovoltaics","feed-in tariff","feed-in premium","power purchase agreement","Renewable portfolio standard","tax credit"],"geography_discussed":["Spain","Italy","Denmark","Utah","Colorado","California"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","financial modeling","policy analysis"]}]}