{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"climate_tags":["co2"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'co2' for facet 'climate_tags' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?climate_tags=co2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"cer-000981","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000981","title":"grootvlei-annual-emissions-report-2015-2016-2a2617086f421177.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Grootvlei-Annual-Emissions-Report-2015-2016.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Grootvlei Power Station's 2015/16 Annual Emissions Report details the total atmospheric emissions for the financial year from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2016, highlighting particulate matter challenges and the implementation of retrofit projects to reduce emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000981#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"For the 2015/16 financial year, Grootvlei Power Station's total emissions included 6,737,810 tons of CO2, 46,537 tons of SO2, 22,642 tons of NOx, 3,524 tons of particulate matter (PM), and 111 tons of N2O. These totals combine coal-fired emissions and fuel-oil emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000981#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"High particulate matter (PM) emissions occurred in April 2015, January 2016, and March 2016, attributed to design limitations of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) plant on units 2 and 4. Other contributing factors included a dusting backlog and poor performing fields on unit 2, as well as LH ID fan imbalance and online maintenance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000981#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"To address particulate emissions, a fabric filter plant (FFP) retrofit project was implemented on unit 3, which was taken off load on 27 April 2015 and completed in February 2016, resulting in significant performance improvement. This FFP retrofit project is planned for extension to units 2 and 4, with a target completion date of March 2018.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000981#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Continuous emission monitors have been installed for all stacks at the station. As of the report date, installation and verification are complete for the South stack, while verification tests for the North stack are still being finalised.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000981#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"A fugitive dust fall-out monitoring regime commenced in September 2015, with ten reports submitted to authorities to date. The station also uses water tankers for on-site dust suppression.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000981#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","co2","n2o","air quality","particulate matter"],"geography_discussed":["Gert Sibande District Municipality"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["emissions reporting"]},{"id":"cer-001243","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-001243","title":"paia-180509_south-32-hillside-aluminium-a41fc0f0526195eb.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/PAIA-180509_South-32-Hillside-Aluminium.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This document is a Pollution Prevention Plan Annual Progress Report for Hillside Aluminium (Pty) Ltd, a South32 company. It outlines planned mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, specifically focusing on reducing anode scallops and anode effects in the reduction process to lower CO2 and PFC emissions over a five-year period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001243#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Hillside Aluminium has planned a project to reduce the size and frequency of 'Anode scallops' on recycled Anode Butts to decrease the amount of carbon lost to air burn during the reduction process. The project aims for a maximum saving equivalent to 1.5 kg Nett Carbon Consumption, with anticipated CO2 reductions of 3,960 tonnes per year over five years, totaling 11,880 tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001243#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The company plans to retrofit reduction cell alumina feeders with 'Intelligent Crust breaking devices' to reduce the frequency of anode effects, which are caused by drops in dissolved alumina concentration due to blocked or damaged feeders. The goal is to reduce anode effect frequency to between 0.26 and 0.3 AE/pot/day, with an estimated total PFC reduction of 49,143 tonnes of CO2e over five years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001243#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"As of the reporting period, the Anode Scallops reduction project and the Intelligent Bath Chisel Alumina feeders project were listed as 'Not started', with the latter scheduled for trials in 6 pots during June/July 2019. The Alpsys algorithm upgrade was noted as having results 'not yet realised', with further optimisation planned over the following 12 to 18 months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001243#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","co2","pfc","industrial mitigation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["progress report","mitigation plan"]},{"id":"cer-001424","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-001424","title":"tutuka-power-station-94abe41c279ddfb4.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Tutuka-Power-Station.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Tutuka Power Station Annual Emissions Report for the 2016/17 financial year (1 April 2016 to 31 March 2017) details pollutant emissions, compliance audits, and environmental complaints. The report covers emissions of particulates, SO2, NOx, and CO2, noting a specific NOx exceedance incident at Unit 4 and ongoing planning for upgrade projects including a Fabric Filter Plant retrofit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001424#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Tutuka Power Station experienced a NOx emissions limit exceedance at Unit 4 from 29 June 2016 to 01 July 2016. This was identified as a Section 30 reportable incident, though it was not reported to authorities until 24 November 2016 because it was only discovered during an internal Eskom audit in November 2016.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001424#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"An investigation into the Unit 4 NOx exceedance found that the issue occurred after the unit was synchronized following a two-day maintenance shutdown. The cause was moisture build-up in monitors due to monitor coolers being tripped or switched off during the shutdown, leading to erroneous high readings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001424#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) Environmental Management Inspectorate (EMI) conducted a compliance inspection on 17 September 2015. This resulted in a Pre-Compliance Notice issued on 1 September 2016 under Section 31 L of the National Environmental Management Act of 1998, which highlighted issues such as the failure to submit a Leak Detection and Repair Program (LDAR) to the Gert Sibande District Municipality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001424#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Tutuka Power Station has received Environmental Authorisation for two upgrade projects currently in the planning phase: the expansion of the Ash Disposal Facility and the Dust Handling Plant (DHP) and Fabric Filter Plant (FFP) Retrofit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001424#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The station's negotiated cap limit for Particulate Matter under Category 1.1 of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (39/2004) is 350mg/Nm* dry @ 10% O2, compared to the standard cap of 100mg/Nm* dry @ 10% O2. Correlation tests for Units 1-6 were reported as being within the norm.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-001424#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","air quality","particulate matter","nox","so2","co2"],"geography_discussed":["Gert Sibande District Municipality"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["emissions reporting","compliance audit"]}]}