{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"climate_tags":["carbon mitigation"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'carbon mitigation' for facet 'climate_tags' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?climate_tags=carbon+mitigation","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"cdkn-000296","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000296","title":"Building trust in forest carbon payments: Learning from the world of financial accounting","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2017-11-07","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/working-paper-building-trust-in-forest-carbon-payments-learning-from-the-world-of-financial-accounting","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This research paper discusses the need to rebuild trust in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) mechanisms to scale up climate mitigation. It proposes applying guiding principles from financial accounting—such as relevance, faithful representation, and comparability—to REDD+ impact reporting to attract private sector investment and ensure environmental and social robustness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000296#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Reforestation and the reduction of global deforestation could provide more than one-third of the annual carbon mitigation required to keep global temperature increases below 2°C, as agreed upon by 195 countries under the Paris Agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000296#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Despite early high expectations, REDD+ implementation has faced difficulties that resulted in a lack of trust among stakeholders. This is driven by perceptions that the systems are overly complex, lack environmental and social robustness, and struggle to produce tangible results on the ground, causing private sector actors to withdraw.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000296#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"There are three primary current opportunities to scale results-based payments for REDD+: the Paris Agreement's provisions for transferring emissions reductions, the International Civil Aviation Organization's new offset mechanism, and a US$500 million pilot programme for REDD+ results-based payments approved by the Green Climate Fund.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000296#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The paper suggests that REDD+ can build trust by adopting the International Accounting Standards Board’s Conceptual framework for financial reporting, which emphasizes relevance, faithful representation, and comparability. This approach would involve tailoring reporting to end users, increasing data robustness through third-party rating agencies and common uncertainty methodologies, and harmonizing requirements to reduce complexity beyond the Warsaw Framework.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000296#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["redd+","deforestation","carbon payments","climate finance","carbon mitigation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","conceptual framework"]},{"id":"cer-000446","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000446","title":"annexure-d-eskom_s-comments-on-notice-of-intention-to-amend-the-list-of-activities-nemaqa-91d9e06058865dae.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Annexure-D-Eskom_s-comments-on-Notice-of-Intention-to-Amend-the-List-of-Activities-NEMAQA.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This document is a formal statement from Eskom Holdings SOC Limited submitted to the Department of Environmental Affairs on 22 June 2017. It provides comments and recommendations regarding the 'Notice of Intention to Amend the List of Activities which Result in Atmospheric Emission' under the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (39/2004). Eskom argues that the proposed emission standards lack comprehensive cost-benefit analysis and could lead to severe financial and operational burdens, potentially necessitating significant electricity tariff increases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000446#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Eskom asserts that the proposed draft regulations regarding new plant minimum emission standards would significantly increase compliance costs to between R 250 billion and R 300 billion, which would result in an electricity tariff increase of at least 7%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000446#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The company identifies several operational and environmental resource pressures resulting from compliance requirements by 2025, including a projected 20% increase in water usage (67 million cubic metres per annum), the need for 6.5 million tons of sorbent annually, and a reduction in coal fleet energy output by almost 2,255 GWh per annum.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000446#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Eskom argues that emission standards for SO2 in the electricity sector were not informed by appropriate cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Citing a 2016 University of Pretoria dissertation, Eskom claims it is unlikely that the benefits of reducing SO2 emissions to the required standard outweigh the implementation costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000446#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Eskom recommends that existing plants should only be required to comply with existing plant standards for SO2 until their final decommissioning, with the exception of Medupi, which is proceeding with a flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) retrofit project.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000446#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The company reports progress on its air quality improvement programme, including the installation of fabric filter plants at Arnot, Duvha, Camden, Hendrina, Grootvlei, and Majuba between 1993 and 2010, and the completion of a retrofit at Grootvlei in October 2017.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000446#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Eskom has implemented an air quality offset plan approved in September 2016 with a nominal cost exceeding R4 billion over nine years. This plan focuses on switching households in KwaZamokuhle, Ezamokuhle, Sharpeville/Vaal, and Marapong from coal and waste burning to electricity and LPG during 2018 and 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000446#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Eskom proposes amendments to the draft legislation's compliance timeframes, specifically suggesting that the 31 March 2025 deadline for postponements be extended by up to three years (to 2028) if an air quality improvement schedule is not completed by the original date.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000446#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","air quality","emission standards","coal-fired power","carbon mitigation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy comment","economic impact assessment"]}]}