{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"climate_tags":["Post-harvest losses"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":35,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?climate_tags=Post-harvest+losses","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?climate_tags=Post-harvest+losses&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"ruralele-000077","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ruralele-000077","title":"Is solar cooling a viable solution for agricultural value chains? Challenges & findings from a field study in Kenya","publisher":{"name":"Alliance for Renewable Electrification","organization":"alliance-for-renewable-electrification"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2026-02-17","source_url":"https://renewelec.org/is-solar-cooling-a-viable-solution-for-agricultural-value-chains-challenges-findings-from-a-field-study-in-kenya/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A field study in Kenya by Phaesun found that while solar cooling reduces post-harvest losses and increases income, economic viability varies significantly by operational model. Market- and export-oriented operations are highly viable with 3-4 year payback periods, whereas individual smallholder models require 40-100% subsidisation due to high commercial interest rates of 15-20%. The study identifies an \"impact capital gap\" and suggests that success depends on product value, scale, and the use of blended finance or Cooling-as-a-Service (CaaS) models.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000077#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Solar cooling technologies consistently reduce post-harvest losses and extend the shelf life and quality of food, leading to moderate or significant income increases for farmers, system operators, and project stakeholders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000077#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Economic viability for solar cooling is highly dependent on the operational model: market- and export-oriented operations processing high-value produce (such as flowers, fresh herbs, and French beans) are strongly viable with payback periods of 3-4 years, while individual smallholder models are not commercially viable on their own.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000077#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is an \"impact capital gap\" in the sector; individual smallholder models require 40-100% subsidisation via government or donor programs because commercial lending interest rates of 15-20% exceed potential returns.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000077#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Alternative models such as Cooling-as-a-Service (CaaS) and aggregation models (like dairy cooperatives) show promise, with CaaS specifically benefiting farmer groups and market traders by removing upfront investment costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000077#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["photovoltaics","Post-harvest losses","climate finance","Blended Finance","smallholder"],"geography_discussed":["sub-Saharan Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["field study","economic analysis","case study"]},{"id":"gclifun-005206","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gclifun-005206","title":"ESS disclosure report form for subprojects","publisher":{"name":"Green Climate Fund","organization":"green-climate-fund"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2026-01-09","source_url":"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/fp179-5-crdb-bank-rice-storage-warehouse-tanzania.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report discloses the environmental and social due diligence for a Category B subproject to build a rice storage warehouse in the Kigoma Region of Tanzania. Managed by CRDB Bank Plc under the TACATDP programme, the subproject aims to enhance food security and reduce post-harvest losses. The disclosure includes an Environmental and Social Due Diligence (ESDD) report and an E&S Action Plan, made available in English and Swahili on January 9, 2026, to comply with Green Climate Fund (GCF) policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005206#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The subproject, which focuses on the \"Construction of a Rice Storage Warehouse to Enhance Food Security and Reduce Post-Harvest Losses\", is classified as ESS Category B.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005206#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The subproject is located in the Kigoma Region of the United Republic of Tanzania, specifically within the Ilunde and Chakulu villages of the Uvinza District.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005206#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To comply with GCF policies, CRDB Bank Plc disclosed an Environmental and Social Due Diligence (ESDD) report and an E&S Action Plan on January 9, 2026, in both English and Swahili.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005206#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The subproject is part of the broader Tanzania Agriculture Climate Adaptation Technology Deployment Programme (TACATDP), which is classified as ESS Category I-2.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005206#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","food security","Post-harvest losses","Environmental and Social Safeguards","Agricultural technology"],"geography_discussed":["Kigoma Region","Uvinza District","Chakulu","Ilunde","Dar es Salaam"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental and social risk assessment"]},{"id":"sei-000619","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000619","title":"Solar drying technologies in mango farming","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2025-11-04","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/solar-drying-technologies-in-mango-farming/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study examines the adoption of solar drying technologies to reduce mango post-harvest losses in Mozambique's Inhambane Province, finding that while these technologies can improve food security and livelihoods, adoption is hindered by high costs, lack of technical knowledge, and poor market access.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000619#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Post-harvest losses for mangoes in Mozambique are significant, estimated between 25% and over 50%, primarily because of inadequate preservation methods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000619#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Adoption of improved solar drying technologies is severely limited by a lack of awareness and training; over 80% of farmers are unaware of these techniques and fewer than 5% have been trained.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000619#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The primary obstacles to technology uptake include high initial costs, limited technical knowledge, poor access to markets, and a lack of institutional support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000619#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Post-harvest losses","food security","smallholder"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["barrier analysis","driver analysis"]},{"id":"afripo-000133","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/afripo-000133","title":"Einbeziehung von Klimaschutzmassnahmen in die Landwirtschaft und Ernährungssicherheit in Nigeria","publisher":{"name":"Africa Policy Research Institute","organization":"africa-policy-research-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-11-03","source_url":"https://afripoli.org/de/einbeziehung-von-klimaschutzmassnahmen-in-die-landwirtschaft-und-ernaehrungssicherheit-in-nigeria-en","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the intersection of climate change and food security in Nigeria, highlighting how extreme weather, conflict, and poor infrastructure threaten agricultural productivity. It analyzes the alignment of the FMAFS Road Map, NATIP, and the NDC, while identifying critical gaps in budget utilization and policy coordination. The document advocates for a shift toward community-led, climate-smart agriculture and improved financial transparency to achieve long-term resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000133#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Agriculture is a primary economic driver for Nigeria, contributing between 19% and 25% to the GDP from 2023 to Q1 2024, with smallholder farmers producing over 60% of the nation's food.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000133#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Nigeria faces severe food insecurity and economic vulnerability, with 152 million people (68% of the population) living in highly vulnerable conditions and an estimated 26.5 million people facing food shortages by the end of 2024.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000133#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change manifests in Nigeria through erratic rainfall, desertification affecting up to 60% of the land, and increased flooding; between 2001 and 2020, the country experienced flooding in 18 separate years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000133#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agricultural sector is the second-largest contributor to Nigeria's greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 25% of national emissions, while the energy sector is the largest at 60%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000133#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gap between the funding required for the National Agricultural Transformation Implementation Plan (NATIP) and actual budget allocations; agricultural spending was only 2% to 3.5% of the national budget between 2023 and 2024, far below the 10% Maputo Declaration target.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000133#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Capital budget utilization for agricultural projects is poor, with only 17% of the NATIP target achieved in actual spending from 2022 to 2024, often due to funds being diverted to non-core infrastructure like solar street lights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000133#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community-led initiatives often outperform state-led actions by leveraging local knowledge; for example, ColdHubs uses solar-powered cold storage to reduce post-harvest losses by 80% and increase farmer income by 25%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000133#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Climate-smart agriculture","food security","greenhouse gas emissions","agroecology","agroforestry","desertification","flood","climate finance","climate bond","Post-harvest losses","smallholder","land use","carbon sequestration"],"geography_discussed":["Abia State","Anambra State","Imo State","Ondo State","Abuja"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","economic assessment","case study"]},{"id":"afripo-000031","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/afripo-000031","title":"Osomobegbe Eugene's Startup Journey: Revolutionising Post-Harvest Agriculture in Nigeria","publisher":{"name":"Africa Policy Research Institute","organization":"africa-policy-research-institute"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2025-06-18","source_url":"https://afripoli.org/osomobegbe-eugenes-startup-journey-revolutionising-post-harvest-agriculture-in-nigeria","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Osomobegbe Global Ventures Limited (OGV), founded in 2019 by Osomobegbe Eugene, addresses post-harvest losses in Nigeria through the deployment of solar drying solutions. The company utilizes locally sourced materials to create dryers for vegetables, proteins, and fruits, extending product shelf life up to a year. OGV operates through three primary pillars: the installation of solar dryers, the operation of fee-based solar drying centres for small-scale producers, and the provision of training programmes for youth and farmers. While the company has scaled from supporting 300 to nearly 4,000 smallholder farmers, it faces challenges including funding limitations, workforce retention among youth due to financial constraints, and bureaucratic hurdles in accessing government contracts. OGV aims to install 1,000 solar dryers and support 10,000 farmers within the next five years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000031#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"OGV utilizes solar drying technology constructed from local wood and metal to preserve vegetables, proteins, and fruits, which can extend the shelf life of these products to a year or more.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000031#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The company employs a three-pronged business model consisting of selling drying units, operating fee-based drying centres for those unable to afford equipment, and conducting training workshops and webinars for youth and entrepreneurs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000031#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"OGV has significantly scaled its impact, growing from an initial base of 300 smallholder farmers to nearly 4,000, with a future target of reaching 10,000 farmers and installing 1,000 solar dryers across Nigeria within five years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000031#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Youth engagement is a core priority, with over 300 volunteers and 100 interns trained; however, retention is hindered by family obligations and the inability of salaries to cover the needs of primary breadwinners.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000031#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The growth of agritech in Nigeria is constrained by funding gaps, bureaucratic documentation hurdles for government tenders, and high import/export taxes on renewable energy technology.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000031#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Post-harvest losses","Agricultural technology","food security","smallholder"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"afripo-000052","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/afripo-000052","title":"Desmond's Startup Success Story: Pioneering Agricultural Innovation for Africa's Sustainable Future","publisher":{"name":"Africa Policy Research Institute","organization":"africa-policy-research-institute"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2025-06-18","source_url":"https://afripoli.org/desmonds-startup-success-story-pioneering-agricultural-innovation-for-africas-sustainable-future","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document details the journey of Desmond, a Ghanaian entrepreneur who founded Complete Farmer in 2017 to bridge the gap between traditional farming and modern technology. The startup addresses inefficiencies in the agricultural value chain by connecting smallholder farmers with global buyers, utilizing a model inspired by Alibaba. Key challenges identified include poor infrastructure—such as road networks and storage—and a lack of local technical talent and seed funding. To mitigate these, the company established 10 fulfillment centres (six owned) to reduce post-harvest losses and implemented youth-focused recruitment and training programmes. The COVID-19 pandemic served as a turning point in 2020, increasing demand for the platform's marketplace model. While the company has seen success through international investment and incubators like MEST, it faces scaling limitations due to insufficient capital and regional infrastructure gaps.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000052#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Complete Farmer addresses agricultural inefficiencies by digitising the value chain to connect smallholder farmers with global markets, a model inspired by the small-scale manufacturing culture Desmond observed in China.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000052#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The company overcame infrastructure deficits, including poor roads and unreliable internet, by establishing 10 fulfillment centres—six of which are company-owned—to provide storage and processing and reduce post-harvest losses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000052#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 acted as a catalyst for the business, disrupting global sourcing and creating a surge in demand that allowed the company to refine its marketplace business model.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000052#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The startup prioritises youth involvement, with approximately 80% of its workforce of about 65 employees under age 35, and estimates that 30–40% of the farmers on its platform are also under 35.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000052#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Growth and scaling into new geographies within Ghana and neighbouring countries are currently hindered by insufficient investment and a lack of regional infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"afripo-000052#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable agriculture","smallholder","Post-harvest losses"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","Japan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"gclifun-005278","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gclifun-005278","title":"RE-GAIN: Scaling solutions for food loss in Africa Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia","publisher":{"name":"Green Climate Fund","organization":"green-climate-fund"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-03-12","source_url":"https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/fp257.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The RE-GAIN programme is a 5-year initiative designed to strengthen food security and climate resilience in seven African countries by scaling the adoption of Food Loss-Reduction Solutions (FL-RS). The programme addresses climate hazards—such as extreme heat, erratic rainfall, and flooding—that cause grain shattering, rotting, and mycotoxin contamination. It employs a three-pronged strategy: increasing farmer demand through awareness and training, enhancing supply and affordability via MSME business development and innovative financial models (including 'smart-subsidies'), and creating an enabling environment through policy reform. The project targets 2.63 million direct beneficiaries and expects to reduce GHG emissions by 111,275 tCO2e over 10 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The RE-GAIN programme targets seven African countries: Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia, focusing on reducing post-harvest food losses caused by climate change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate hazards such as erratic rainfall, extreme heat, and flooding lead to specific post-harvest risks, including grain shattering, rotting, mold, and aflatoxin contamination.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The programme requests a total GCF grant of 75,623,754 USD, with an additional 29.38 million USD in co-financing from AGRA, bringing the total financing to 105 million USD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project aims to reach 2,632,553 direct beneficiaries and 2,735,621 indirect beneficiaries across the target countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The programme's first pathway focuses on demand by training approximately 1.1 million farmers and 5,350 Village Based Advisors (VBAs) on the use of FL-RS and weather information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The second pathway enhances supply and affordability by supporting at least 2,000 MSMEs and cooperatives to provide FL-RS services, prioritizing women- and youth-led initiatives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Two innovative financial models are proposed: Model 1 uses 'smart-subsidies' (conditional procurements) to reduce costs for smallholders, and Model 2 uses GCF co-payments (averaging 30%) to help youth groups and MSMEs acquire higher-value equipment via loans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The third pathway focuses on the enabling environment, aiming to develop 14 gender and youth-responsive policies (two per country) and provide technical support to national institutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The programme expects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 111,275 tCO2e over a 10-year lifespan by reducing wasted food and avoiding compensatory agricultural expansion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Economic analysis indicates the programme is cost-beneficial, with an estimated Economic Net Present Value (ENPV) of 69 million USD and a benefit-to-cost ratio of 8:1.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The programme identifies a 'hidden food loss' in grain refining and will provide technical assistance to millers to shift toward whole-grain flour production, which can produce nearly 50% more bread from the same quantity of wheat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gclifun-005278#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Post-harvest losses","climate change adaptation","food security","smallholder","climate finance","greenhouse gas emissions","land-use change"],"geography_discussed":["Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["funding proposal","economic analysis","climate risk assessment"]},{"id":"africac-000014","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/africac-000014","title":"The Status of Food Storage, Transport and Logistics Infrastructure in Africa: Experiences from Uganda, Kenya and Ghana","publisher":{"name":"African Climate Foundation","organization":"african-climate-foundation"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://africanclimatefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/801023_F-Food-storage-transport-and-trade_WEB-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the critical state of food storage, transport, and logistics in Uganda, Kenya, and Ghana, noting that underdeveloped infrastructure leads to post-harvest losses of 30\u001040% for perishables. It argues that integrating these systems into agroecological transitions\u0010such as using solar-powered cold storage and intermediate transport like bicycles and motorbikes\u0010can reduce waste and empower smallholder farmers. The brief highlights specific national hurdles, including aflatoxin contamination in Uganda, uneven road networks in Kenya, and a focus on national rather than household storage in Ghana. It recommends that philanthropic and government funding prioritize local stakeholder participation, renewable energy solutions, and evidence-based research to build climate-resilient food systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000014#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Underdeveloped food storage, transport, and trade infrastructures in Africa result in high post-harvest losses, which can reach 30\u001040% for perishable goods in Uganda, Kenya, and Ghana.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000014#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Uganda, traditional storage methods are inefficient, leading to losses of 17.6% for cereals and up to 40% for fruit and vegetables. Additionally, high aflatoxin levels in maize, sorghum, and groundnuts have limited international competitiveness, leading to a 2021 ban on Ugandan maize by Kenya.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000014#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Kenya's food system is hampered by an uneven transportation network where poor-quality rural roads contrast with well-maintained major roads, and a severe lack of storage infrastructure for perishable goods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000014#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ghana's food storage systems prioritize national-level enhancement for grains and nuts over household storage for perishables, and poor rural road conditions contribute to food losses exceeding 20%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000014#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Agroecological transitions can be supported by intermediate transport (motorbikes, 'tuk-tuks', and bicycle taxis) and community storage (granaries and warehouses) to improve market access and reduce emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000014#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) in Uganda, established in 2006, aims to stabilize prices and reduce losses, but is limited by high costs, computer illiteracy among rural farmers, and geographic concentration in central Uganda.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000014#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Philanthropic initiatives are providing targeted solutions, such as AkoFresh's solar-powered refrigerated storage in Ghana which extends crop shelf life from 5 to 21 days, and the WeTu Initiative's off-grid solar cold-storage in Kenya.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000014#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["agroecology","Post-harvest losses","climate resilience","smallholder","food security","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Mbita Market"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy brief","case study"]},{"id":"africac-000019","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/africac-000019","title":"Transitions to Sustainable, Resilient and Equitable Fisheries and Aquaculture in Africa","publisher":{"name":"African Climate Foundation","organization":"african-climate-foundation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://africanclimatefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/801023_R-Aquaculture-WEB-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that Africa's fisheries and aquaculture sectors are underperforming despite vast resources, contributing only 6% of global fish production and resulting in a US$6 billion annual import reliance. It highlights systemic challenges including post-harvest losses of up to 30%, gender disparities in resource access, and environmental degradation such as oil pollution in Nigeria's Niger Delta. The briefing proposes a combination of agroecological practices, climate-smart technologies (such as biofloc and RAS), and regional trade integration via the AfCFTA to enhance food security and economic growth. It specifically emphasizes the need for cold-chain infrastructure, the integration of indigenous knowledge, and the empowerment of women and youth to ensure an equitable transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000019#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Africa's fisheries and aquaculture sector contributes only 6% of global fish production, leading to an annual import dependency valued at US$6 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000019#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Post-harvest losses are a critical barrier to food security, with spoilage rates reaching 30% in some areas, such as Uganda, where these losses cost approximately US$21.76 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000019#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is identified as a transformative tool to reduce import dependency and create jobs, specifically through the Women and Youth Economic Empowerment in Fisheries initiative which targets 250,000 jobs by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000019#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Nigeria, the fisheries sector faces severe governance and environmental issues, including illegal fishing costing the country US$70 million annually and devastating oil pollution in the Niger Delta.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000019#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Aquaculture is growing at a rate of 8.1% in Africa, but consumption remains well below FAO recommendations; for example, East African consumption is 4.8kg per capita compared to the recommended 20kg.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000019#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate-smart and agroecological innovations are being deployed to increase productivity, including biofloc systems and HDPE cages in Kenya, and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) in Nigeria, which helped Platinum Fisheries increase production from 5 to 390 tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000019#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender inequality persists in the sector, with women in some regions restricted to nearshore waters and accounting for less than 20% of the aquaculture labour force in Uganda.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000019#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["aquaculture","Climate-smart agriculture","blue economy","agroecology","Post-harvest losses","climate resilience","gender equality","traditional knowledge"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Uganda","Nigeria","Niger Delta"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","sectoral assessment"]},{"id":"africac-000050","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/africac-000050","title":"Food Processing, Packaging and Storage","publisher":{"name":"African Climate Foundation","organization":"african-climate-foundation"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://africanclimatefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/801023_N-Food-processing-storage-and-packing-WEB-1-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document highlights the potential for small-scale African farmers to meet a growing demand for processed foods—projected to be 75% of staple food demand—by adding value to indigenous crops. However, processors face significant hurdles, including limited access to modern storage (such as cold rooms), poor packaging that reduces consumer trust, and difficulties in meeting food safety certifications. The brief emphasizes the role of traditional methods like fermentation and drying in enhancing nutrition and shelf-life, while warning that unchecked processing waste can cause environmental pollution. It recommends that philanthropies fund capacity building, research into sustainable packaging, and the development of regional labelling standards to boost the marketability of local processed foods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000050#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Urbanisation and changing dietary patterns are driving a significant increase in demand for processed foods in Africa, which are expected to constitute approximately 75% of the demand for staple foods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000050#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Small-scale processors struggle with food safety and market access due to limited resources, knowledge, and the high cost of certification, such as the Malawi Bureau of Standards (MBS) certification.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000050#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Traditional processing techniques, specifically drying and fermentation, are critical for reducing food losses, extending shelf life, and improving the nutritional value of indigenous crops like sorghum and millet.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000050#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Inadequate storage infrastructure leads to significant post-harvest losses; for example, in Kenya's Arror ward, the lack of cold rooms results in mangoes rotting, and the use of makeshift structures increases the risk of fungal growth.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000050#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Poor packaging and a lack of standardised labelling undermine consumer confidence and the marketability of local products, with many processors relying on cheap but ineffective materials like plastic pails or banana leaves.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000050#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food processing waste, if not managed through circular economy technologies like biogas production, can lead to environmental degradation and the release of methane, contributing to global warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"africac-000050#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Post-harvest losses","circular economy","biogas","agroecology","climate resilience","methane emissions","food security"],"geography_discussed":["Ghana","Malawi","Kenya","Uasin Gishu County","Elgeyo-Marakwet County","Eldoret","Arror Ward","Tanzania","Burkina Faso","Ethiopia","Uganda","Zambia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy brief","case study"]},{"id":"ruralele-000079","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ruralele-000079","title":"KAMIM Technologies Ltd. – The CoolCycle project (Nigeria)","publisher":{"name":"Alliance for Renewable Electrification","organization":"alliance-for-renewable-electrification"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2024-08-13","source_url":"https://renewelec.org/case-study/kamim-technologies-ltd-the-coolcycle-project/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The CoolCycle project in Lagos State, Nigeria, deployed a 15 kWp solar off-grid system with 30 kWh battery storage to power cold rooms and a packhouse. Funded by Zero Emission Generators (ZE-Gen), the project aims to replace diesel generators with clean energy to preserve agricultural produce. Initial results show a reduction in post-harvest losses by up to 90% and the creation of employment for 48 women in produce processing. The project utilizes 'Energy as a Service' and 'Cooling as a Service' subscription models to ensure commercial viability and is seeking $750,000 to expand to 30 additional locations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000079#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The CoolCycle project utilizes a 15 kWp solar off-grid system with 30 kWh of lithium-ion battery backup to power a 12-ton cold room and a 15-ton packhouse, providing a sustainable alternative to unreliable and polluting diesel generators.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000079#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Initial deployment in June 2024 demonstrated high demand, with a 5-ton cold room receiving orders of up to 15 tons in its first week, leading to the addition of a second 7-ton unit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000079#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project has reduced post-harvest losses by up to 90%, enabling smallholder farmers to meet quality standards for high-value local and international markets, including Europe.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000079#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The initiative has generated local employment, including 48 women hired for pre-sorting, sorting, and packaging, and 16 local artisans and laborers employed during installation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000079#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project is funded by Zero Emission Generators (ZE-Gen)—a collaboration involving the Carbon Trust, Innovate UK, IKEA Foundation, and the UK Government's Ayrton Fund—and employs 'Energy as a Service' and 'Cooling as a Service' subscription models for commercial sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000079#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["photovoltaics","battery energy storage system","distributed generation","Post-harvest losses","food security","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Europe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"seforall-000171","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/seforall-000171","title":"MADAGASCAR Integrated Energy Access Planning – COLD CHAINS REPORT","publisher":{"name":"Sustainable Energy for All","organization":"sustainable-energy-for-all"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024-06","source_url":"https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-07/report-madagascar-iep_coldchains-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report evaluates Madagascar's cold chain infrastructure, focusing on medical vaccines and four agricultural value chains: potatoes, tomatoes, fisheries, and dairy. It identifies significant gaps in electricity access and road infrastructure that lead to high post-harvest losses and inequitable vaccine coverage. The analysis proposes electrification scenarios for healthcare facilities and investment roadmaps for agricultural cooling, emphasizing the high return on investment for fisheries and dairy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Vaccine coverage in Madagascar is inequitable and has declined due to COVID-19, with DPT-3 coverage estimated at 70% for the first dose and BCG at 51%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately 20% of basic health centres (CSBs) lack functioning cold chain equipment (CCE), creating a gap in immunization services across all 23 regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While most existing medical CCE is relatively new and functional, 34% of the Ministry of Health's inventory is non-functional, indicating a lack of a clear decommissioning process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Achieving universal electrification of healthcare facilities and medical cold chain integrity by 2030 is estimated to require a total investment of USD 28.5 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coordination between CCE procurement and facility electrification could save approximately USD 2.9 million by replacing expensive solar direct-drive (SDD) units with standard electric CCE.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Post-harvest losses at the farm level for potatoes and tomatoes are estimated at 60%, primarily due to difficulties transporting products to markets from isolated areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The fisheries sector faces extreme post-harvest losses, estimated at 80%, with crab mortality reaching 40-50% during the rainy season.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Investment in the fisheries cold chain offers the fastest return on investment (ROI), estimated at 2 years, followed by dairy at 3 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A fully developed cold chain for the four analyzed agricultural value chains (Scenario 1) would require a capital expenditure (CAPEX) of approximately USD 2.7 billion, dominated by fisheries costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A more manageable 20% development target for the agricultural cold chain (Scenario 2) would require a CAPEX of USD 545.8 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Poor road infrastructure and seasonal precipitation are critical barriers, sometimes requiring medical teams to walk for a week to deliver vaccines via cold-boxes and canoes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"seforall-000171#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy access","solar energy","Post-harvest losses","agriculture","Mini-grids","renewable energy","food security"],"geography_discussed":["Antananarivo","Vakinankaratra","Itasy","Anamalanga","Matsiatra Ambony"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["geospatial modeling","cost-benefit analysis","scenario analysis","gap analysis"]},{"id":"napglob-000440","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/napglob-000440","title":"Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) System in the Agriculture Sector: Case studies on the capacity of storage constructed, utilization of surveillance tools, and area of land under erosion control measures and used optimally","publisher":{"name":"NAP Global Network","organization":"nap-global-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024-02","source_url":"https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/rwanda-mel-agriculture-sector-case-studies-v3.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document evaluates the effectiveness of storage infrastructure, digital pest surveillance tools, and terracing for erosion control in Rwanda. While these initiatives have improved food security and pest management, the report identifies significant gaps, including the underutilization of cold storage, limited digital literacy among rural farmers, and an increase in high-risk erosion areas between 2020 and 2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000440#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Rwanda's agricultural storage infrastructure is significantly underutilized and poorly maintained. A diagnostic analysis found that 41.4% of storage facilities are not maximally utilized, and 72.2% of cooling and cold rooms are underutilized. Only 51.1% of cold rooms are currently functional, while 25.5% are non-operational.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000440#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Digital surveillance tools, specifically the Fall Armyworm (FAW) database and the Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) app, have improved pest and disease management. In the Rwamagana District, maize yields recovered from 3.8 tonnes during an FAW infestation to 4.5 tonnes one year later following the use of these tools.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000440#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The adoption of digital tools is hindered by structural and social barriers in rural areas, including limited access to smartphones and internet connectivity, low digital literacy, and resistance to new technology among older farmers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000440#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Soil erosion risk in Rwanda has increased according to mapping data. In 2020, 33.2% of provincial land (1,402,446 ha) was at high risk for erosion; by 2022, this figure rose to 45% of provincial land (2,385,830 ha).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000440#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Terracing is an effective erosion control method when properly maintained, with some studies showing soil and nutrient loss reductions of up to 90%. However, 74% of land at risk in Rwanda remains unprotected, and 21% of inspected terrace sites are not effectively utilized or maintained.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000440#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","agriculture","food security","Post-harvest losses","soil erosion","Nationally Determined Contributions"],"geography_discussed":["Rwamagana district"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","outcome assessment","monitoring, evaluation and learning"]},{"id":"iisd-000411","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-000411","title":"How Can We Transform Food Systems to Meet Food, Nutrition, and Climate Needs?","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-27","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/articles/policy-analysis/transform-food-systems-food-nutrition-climate-needs","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document identifies three priority policy areas for food systems transformation (FST) to enhance food security and climate resilience: reducing post-harvest losses, scaling up biofortification of staple crops, and improving food safety. It argues that while these issues are recognized in national policies across Eastern and Southern Africa, implementation is hindered by limited resources, capacity gaps, and a disproportionate focus on staple crops over high-nutrition crops.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000411#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Reducing post-harvest losses is essential for climate resilience and food security, but current efforts in analyzed countries focus primarily on staple crops like maize and wheat, neglecting high-value, high-nutrition crops. In Kenya, only 10% of post-harvest loss studies focus on pulses and 10% on fruits and vegetables, despite these crops being vulnerable to heat and pests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000411#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Biofortification of staples like maize and climate-resilient crops like millet is a cost-effective way to provide iron, zinc, and vitamin A to populations in Africa. However, the effectiveness of these interventions is limited by a lack of improved seeds, post-harvest losses, and insufficient financial support for national coordinating bodies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000411#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is expected to worsen food safety challenges by increasing the prevalence of moulds and damaging infrastructure. This is evidenced by aflatoxin poisoning in Kenya's maize value chains in 2011 and 2023. There is a need to develop and enforce food safety standards and build the technical capacity of food safety agencies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000411#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa share common obstacles to food systems transformation, including capacity gaps in food safety and fortification, limited resources for complex problems, and a requirement for regional cooperation on post-harvest loss solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000411#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","food security","Post-harvest losses","climate resilience"],"geography_discussed":["Ethiopia","Malawi","Tanzania","Kenya","Uganda","Zimbabwe","United Arab Emirates"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis"]},{"id":"rmi-000544","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/rmi-000544","title":"Keeping the Catch Fresh with a Solar Minigrid","publisher":{"name":"RMI","organization":"rmi"},"document_type":"case study","language":"en","date_published":"2023-06-27","source_url":"https://rmi.org/resources/keeping-the-catch-fresh-with-a-solar-minigrid/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"In Kiguna, Nigeria, a partnership between Husk Power and Coldbox Store, supported by the REA-RMI Energizing Agriculture Programme, has deployed a 3-ton walk-in cold room powered by a solar-hybrid minigrid. The facility maintains temperatures of -30 degrees Celsius, extending the shelf life of fish from days to months. This infrastructure allows local fishers and traders to avoid selling spoiled catch at a loss and instead access high-value urban markets. The project is expected to reduce annual post-harvest losses by over 30 metric tonnes and increase fishers' income per catch by over 30 percent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000544#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Artisanal fishers in rural Nigeria contribute 80 percent of the total fish production but lose up to 50 percent of their capture to spoilage due to a lack of cold storage and electricity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000544#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A 3-ton walk-in cold room powered by a solar-hybrid minigrid in Kiguna maintains a temperature of -30 degrees Celsius, extending the shelf life of the local catch from days to months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000544#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project utilizes a cold chain consisting of the minigrid-tied cold room, temperature-controlled trucks, and urban cold storage centers to distribute fish to cities where prices can be up to five times higher than local prices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000544#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The cold room is projected to decrease annual post-harvest losses in Kiguna by more than 30 metric tonnes and increase the income of fishers by over 30 percent per catch.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000544#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The availability of cold storage reduces the reliance on wood-fire smoking, which exposes traders to harmful levels of carbon monoxide and fine particulate pollution.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000544#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Post-harvest losses","air pollution"],"geography_discussed":["Nasarawa State"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study"]},{"id":"iisd-003584","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003584","title":"Achieving Sustainable Food Systems in a Global Crisis: ETHIOPIA","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-12","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-01/sustainable-food-systems-global-crisis-ethiopia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Ethiopia is not on track to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, with poverty and hunger projected to remain high due to conflict in Tigray, climate change, and economic shocks. The report argues that a sustainable food system transformation is possible with an additional annual public investment of USD 4.6 billion from 2023 to 2030. This funding would target increasing agricultural productivity, transitioning to healthier diets, and enhancing climate resilience. A significant financing gap exists between short-term emergency food assistance and the long-term investments required for systemic resilience. Key recommendations include prioritizing on-farm interventions, scaling up sustainable livestock intensification to reduce GHG emissions, and integrating nutrition education with social protection programs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003584#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Ethiopia is projected to fail in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, with poverty and hunger levels expected to be higher than current levels. Without additional investment, the poverty rate is projected to move from 24.1% in 2022 to 17.5% in 2030, and the hunger rate from 25.9% in 2022 to 22.2% in 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003584#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A sustainable food system transformation in Ethiopia requires an additional annual public investment of USD 4.6 billion from 2023 to 2030. This total includes USD 2.7 billion from external donors and USD 1.9 billion from domestic resources. This investment aims to end hunger, double the average incomes of 11.7 million small-scale producers, and transition 108 million people to healthier diets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003584#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food system","climate change","sustainable agriculture","greenhouse gas emissions","climate resilience","climate change adaptation","Nationally Determined Contributions","Post-harvest losses","food security","Climate-smart agriculture"],"geography_discussed":["Tigray Region","Somali Region","Afar Region","Addis Ababa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["macroeconomic modelling","microeconomic analysis","policy assessment","cost-benefit analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-003586","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003586","title":"Achieving Sustainable Food Systems in a Global Crisis: NIGERIA","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-09","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-09/sustainable-food-systems-global-crisis-nigeria.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Nigeria is not on track to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, with poverty and hunger projected to rise without significant intervention. The report identifies a massive financing gap, estimating that an additional USD 4.9 billion in annual public investment is required from 2023 to 2030 to achieve a sustainable food system transformation. This includes USD 2.3 billion from external donors and USD 2.6 billion from domestic resources. Key priorities include increasing agricultural productivity, integrating climate resilience, and transitioning to healthier diets through nutrition education and social protection. The report highlights a critical underfunding of long-term agricultural investments compared to short-term emergency food assistance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Without additional public investment, extreme poverty in Nigeria is projected to increase from 40% in 2019 to 46% by 2030, and chronic hunger is predicted to rise from 14% in 2019 to 21% in 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sustainable food system transformation in Nigeria requires an additional annual public investment of USD 4.9 billion from 2023 to 2030. This funding would be split between domestic resources (USD 2.6 billion) and external donor grants (USD 2.3 billion).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant imbalance in funding, where official development assistance (ODA) for short-term emergency food assistance has increased while long-term agricultural and food security investments have stagnated.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Dietary quality is poor and varies by region; cereals and starches account for 68% of total caloric intake. Southern Nigeria generally exhibits higher dietary diversity than the north, with higher consumption of fish, seafood, and fruits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are increasing, with livestock accounting for 78% of these emissions in 2018. Total agricultural GHG emissions are projected to grow by 2.3% per year, or 25% over a decade.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts and floods, leading to desertification in the north and sea level rise, saltwater intrusion, and flooding in the south.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies three primary areas for spending the required additional funds: on-farm productivity and incomes (USD 2.0 billion/year), social protection, education, and school feeding (USD 1.6 billion/year), and market infrastructure to move food (USD 1.3 billion/year).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Post-harvest loss rates for perishable crops in Nigeria can reach as high as 60%, necessitating investments in road networks and cold storage to improve food safety and availability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A review of donor projects from GIZ, EU, and USAID found that while they focus on increasing production, none of the reviewed projects specifically targeted the livestock sector or addressed the rising levels of obesity and diabetes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003586#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food system","climate change adaptation","greenhouse gas emissions","Climate-smart agriculture","desertification","sea level rise","Nationally Determined Contributions","Post-harvest losses","food security"],"geography_discussed":["Ethiopia","Malawi"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic modelling","policy analysis","literature review","stakeholder consultation"]},{"id":"ruralele-000168","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ruralele-000168","title":"Solar power provides cooling for fish, herbs and milk in Kenya","publisher":{"name":"Alliance for Renewable Electrification","organization":"alliance-for-renewable-electrification"},"document_type":"press release","language":"en","date_published":"2022-07-29","source_url":"https://renewelec.org/solar-power-provides-cooling-fish-herbs-and-milk-kenya/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The PV Cool Kenya project, a collaboration between Phaesun, Solar Cooling Engineering, and Strathmore University, installed three solar-powered cooling systems based on the SelfChill concept in Kenya. These systems include a 500-litre milk cooling tank in Bungoma, an ice maker for fishermen on Lake Victoria, and a cold room for fruit and herbs in Thika. The project aimed to increase productivity and income for smallholder farmers who lack grid electricity. Despite delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the project concluded in June 2022 and included technical training at Strathmore University’s Solar Center.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000168#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The PV Cool Kenya project deployed three demonstration cooling systems using the 'SelfChill' modular concept, which uses solar modules to power cooling units and stores cold as frozen water in ice storage units.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000168#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific installations include a 500-litre milk cooling tank in Bungoma for evening milk, an ice maker providing 5 kg ice blocks for fishermen on Lake Victoria, and a cold room in Thika for fruit and herbs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000168#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project addressed the lack of electricity grid access for rural smallholder farmers in Kenya, aiming to reduce post-harvest losses and increase farmer incomes and food security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000168#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project ran from 2020 to June 2022 and faced implementation challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including travel restrictions and international freight delays.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ruralele-000168#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["solar energy","Post-harvest losses","food security","smallholder","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Bungoma County","Lake Victoria","Thika"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["project announcement"]},{"id":"wwf-000889","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000889","title":"Bhutan for Life Environmental and Social Management Plan for One Gewog One Product (OGOP)","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://files.worldwildlife.org/wwfcmsprod/files/Publication/file/9lxq2b1jlk_ESMP_QPO.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The ESMP outlines the environmental and social requirements for four 2022 activities: a herbal tea production unit in Bumdeling, solar dryer parabola domes in Drametse, a honey processing unit in Khotokha, and a bamboo processing unit in Gongdue. It identifies potential risks such as vegetation loss, construction waste, and worker safety, providing specific mitigation measures and monitoring frameworks. The plan emphasizes the use of indigenous knowledge and the promotion of rural livelihoods through sustainable non-wood forest product (NWFP) management, while adhering to WWF's Social Safeguards Integrated Policies and Procedures (SIPP) and national laws.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000889#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The project implements four specific livelihood activities in 2022: a herbal tea production unit in Bumdeling Gewog (budget US$ 67,953), solar dryer parabola domes in Drametse Gewog (budget US$ 2,619), a honey processing and production unit in Khotokha, Phobjikha Gewog (budget US$ 34,030), and a bamboo processing and production unit in Gongdue, Mongar (budget US$ 18,381).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000889#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The herbal tea project in Bumdeling is based on indigenous knowledge for making Suja (butter tea) and aims to improve rural livelihoods through the sustainable management of herbal tea resources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000889#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Drametse, the project introduces Solar Dryer Parabola Domes, based on research by Dr. Serm Janjai, to reduce post-harvest loss and enhance climate resilience for wild apple and goose berry fruit candies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000889#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The honey processing unit in Khotokha is designed to increase community income and conserve the environment, noting that honeybees provide 80% of the pollination for the one third of the human diet that comes from insect-pollinated plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000889#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The bamboo processing unit in Gongdue seeks to preserve traditional Tsharzo (bamboo and cane handicrafts) knowledge, which is currently threatened by rural-to-urban migration and outdated designs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000889#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Identified environmental and social risks across all construction activities include the cutting of vegetation, generation of construction waste, and worker health and safety risks, including COVID-19.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000889#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mitigation measures for vegetation loss include designing construction to minimize tree cutting and replacing cut trees with ornamental plants or fruit trees after construction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000889#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The ESMP mandates strict occupational health and safety (OHS) standards, including the provision of personal protective equipment (helmets, gloves, boots, reflective vests) and the requirement for first aid boxes to be within 200m of any working place.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000889#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate resilience","biodiversity conservation","carbon neutrality","Post-harvest losses"],"geography_discussed":["Bumdeling","Dramitse","Gongdue Gewog","Khotokha Valley","Trashiyangtse District","Mongar District","Wangdue Phodrang District","Thailand"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental and social impact assessment","mitigation planning","safeguard compliance"]},{"id":"cdkn-000759","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000759","title":"USING POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGIES TO MITIGATE CLIMATE RISKS IN FOOD SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVED FOOD SECURITY & LIVELIHOODS: Hermetic Storage Technologies in Kenya and Uganda","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2021-05","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/SNN-HST-Policy-Brief-WEB.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines how climate change increases post-harvest losses in Kenya and Uganda through heightened pest and disease pressure, and proposes hermetic storage technologies (HSTs) as a solution to improve food security and farmer livelihoods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000759#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change exacerbates post-harvest losses in Kenya and Uganda by increasing production volatility and intensifying pressure from pests and diseases, which leads to the wasted use of land, labour, water, and agro-chemicals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000759#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Grain post-harvest losses in Kenya and Uganda are estimated between 15% and 30% of total production, significantly exceeding the global average for cereals of 19% and Brazil's rate of 6%. In Uganda, annual losses include approximately 493,000 metric tonnes (MT) of maize, 26,500MT of millet, and 31,000MT of rice; Kenya loses over 700,000MT of maize.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000759#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate-driven temperature increases raise the risk of mycotoxins, specifically aflatoxins, which are carcinogens. Aflatoxin contamination is estimated to cost Uganda USD 7.48 million in grain exports and Kenya approximately USD 3 million in maize value.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000759#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Hermetic storage technologies (HSTs) reduce losses by asphyxiating pests without pesticides, allowing farmers to store grains longer and fetch higher prices. Maize stored in HSTs can fetch prices approximately 75% higher than maize sold without storage and 27% higher than maize in traditional storage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000759#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The adoption of HSTs is hindered by the proliferation of counterfeit and sub-standard products, which leads farmers to believe the technology is ineffective. While Kenya gazetted standards for hermetic bags and plastic silos in August 2019, Uganda is still developing standards based on the Kenyan experience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000759#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High costs driven by Value Added Tax (VAT) restrict the uptake of HSTs. VAT is 16% in Kenya and 18% in Uganda. In Uganda, the Revenue Authority has sometimes charged VAT on each component of a bag separately, potentially increasing the total VAT to 36% or 54% of the product's value.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000759#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Removing VAT on HSTs could significantly benefit society; a study in Tanzania found that such a move could create a net gain of USD 38.9 million per agricultural season.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000759#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Post-harvest losses","climate change adaptation","food security","agricultural productivity","climate finance","tax policy"],"geography_discussed":["Tanzania","Brazil","Luwero District","Masaka District"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","economic assessment"]}]}