{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["within-subject study"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'within-subject study' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=within-subject+study","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"commgmu-000124","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000124","title":"The Francis Effect","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2015-11","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2015-Nov-The_Francis_Effect.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a 'Francis Effect,' where American adults, particularly Catholics, became more engaged and concerned about global warming between spring and fall 2015. Key shifts include increased trust in the Pope as an information source, a greater perception of global warming as a moral and social justice issue, and heightened concern for the impact of climate change on the world's poor and developing nations. While support for unilateral U.S. emission reductions increased slightly, support for specific policies like carbon dioxide limits on coal plants remained stable or decreased slightly.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000124#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Public perception of Pope Francis and trust in him as a source of information on global warming increased between spring and fall 2015. Nationally, the proportion of people with a very positive opinion of the Pope rose by 7 percentage points, while trust in him as an information source on global warming increased by 11 points.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000124#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The salience of global warming increased in the media and personal discourse. More Americans (+4 points) and Catholics (+10 points) reported hearing about global warming in the media at least once a month or more, and more people became likely to discuss the issue with family and friends.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000124#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant portion of the population felt influenced by the Pope's views. Approximately 17% of all Americans and 35% of Catholics stated the Pope's position on global warming influenced their own views; of those influenced, about half reported becoming more concerned.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000124#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There was a measurable increase in the certainty and personal importance of global warming. The proportion of Americans certain that global warming is happening rose by 6 percentage points, and 26% of Americans now view the issue as very or extremely important personally, up from 19% in the spring.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000124#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Perceptions of the risks associated with global warming shifted toward the vulnerable and the domestic population. Belief that global warming would harm the world's poor increased by 12 points nationally (and 20 points among Catholics), while belief that it would harm people in the U.S. increased by 9 points.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000124#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global warming is increasingly viewed through a moral and ethical lens. Belief that global warming is a moral issue increased by 7 percentage points nationally, and the perception of it as a social justice and fairness issue rose by 6 points.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000124#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Support for unilateral U.S. action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions increased by 7 percentage points, though support for other specific policies was mixed. While support for renewable energy research rose by 2 points, support for strict carbon dioxide emission limits on coal-fired power plants decreased by 3 points.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000124#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate change communication","climate finance","renewable energy","greenhouse gas emissions","coal-fired power station"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","within-subject study"]},{"id":"commyale-000293","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000293","title":"The Francis Effect","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2015-11","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/app/uploads/2015/11/The_Francis_Effect.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a 'Francis Effect,' where Americans—particularly Catholics—became more engaged and concerned about global warming between spring and fall 2015. This shift is characterized by increased trust in the Pope, higher issue salience in media and places of worship, and a growing perception of global warming as a moral and social justice issue. While concern and certainty that global warming is happening increased, the report finds that understanding of human-caused warming remained steady and support for specific climate policies changed only slightly.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000293#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between spring and fall 2015, American adults developed a more positive view of Pope Francis, with a 7 percentage point increase in those holding a 'very positive' opinion. This trend was most pronounced among Catholics, who saw a 13 percentage point increase in very positive views.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000293#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Trust in Pope Francis as a source of information regarding global warming rose by 11 percentage points among the general American population and by 6 percentage points among Catholics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000293#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global warming became more salient in the American consciousness; 45% of all Americans and 56% of Catholics reported seeing, reading, or hearing media coverage of the Pope's views on the topic. Awareness of the Pope's encyclical, Laudato Si’, increased by 14 points nationally and 16 points among Catholics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000293#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant portion of the surveyed population felt influenced by the Pope's position on global warming: 17% of all Americans and 35% of Catholics. Among those influenced, approximately half reported becoming more concerned about the issue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000293#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Certainty that global warming is occurring increased by 6 percentage points for Americans overall and 13 percentage points for Catholics. However, the proportion of Americans who believe human activities cause global warming remained unchanged at 52%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000293#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global warming is increasingly viewed through a moral and ethical lens. National belief that it is a moral issue rose by 7 points and a social justice/fairness issue by 6 points. Among Catholics, the belief that global warming is a religious issue more than doubled, increasing from 6% to 13%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000293#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Support for unilateral U.S. action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, regardless of other countries' actions, increased by 7 percentage points. However, support for other policies was largely stagnant; support for renewable energy research rose by 2 points, while support for strict carbon dioxide limits on coal-fired power plants decreased by 3 points.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000293#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate change communication","renewable energy","greenhouse gas emissions","coal-fired power station","environmental protection"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","within-subject study"]}]}