{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["technical feasibility analysis"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'technical feasibility analysis' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":7,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=technical+feasibility+analysis","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"wri-000019","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wri-000019","title":"Scaling Direct Air Capture in the US: From Public Investment to Market Integration","publisher":{"name":"World Resources Institute","organization":"world-resources-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-09-18","source_url":"https://www.wri.org/technical-perspectives/scaling-direct-air-capture-states","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"As federal support for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) faces rollbacks, U.S. states are positioned to advance direct air capture (DAC) by aligning specific technology types with local assets. The report identifies a diverse range of DAC technologies—from fully electric systems to those requiring high-temperature heat—and maps them to state-level opportunities. For example, California's geothermal resources and Texas's renewable curtailment and CO2 infrastructure offer distinct advantages. While some states like Washington and Texas are suited for large-scale sequestration, others like Massachusetts can serve as innovation hubs for waste-heat recovery and CO2 utilization. The document emphasizes that maximizing climate benefit requires pairing DAC with low-carbon energy to avoid eroding net removals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000019#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The U.S. federal government is reducing its support for carbon dioxide removal (CDR), including a proposed reduction in CDR funding from $70 million in FY2024 to $4 million in the FY2026 President's Budget Request, and the enactment of H.R. 1 in July 2025 which reduces clean-energy tax provisions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000019#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"DAC technologies are categorized by their energy demands into seven buckets, ranging from 100% electric systems to those requiring high-quality heat (300-900+ °C), with most federal funding historically targeting technologies requiring heat between 70-150 °C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000019#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"California has significant potential for DAC due to its geothermal resources in the Imperial Valley and a robust policy framework, including State bill SB 643 (passed September 2025) which provides a $50 million grant program for CDR and quantitative targets of 7 million tonnes of CO2 annually by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000019#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Texas is well-positioned for DAC deployment due to its extensive CO2 transport and storage infrastructure and high levels of renewable energy curtailment—approximately 5% of wind and 9% of solar generation in 2022—which could power all-electric or low-temperature DAC systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000019#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Washington state is ideal for fully electric DAC due to its low grid-carbon intensity and the presence of the Columbia River basalts for geologic storage, with the added benefit of using barges for CO2 transport to avoid pipeline opposition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000019#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Massachusetts can act as a DAC testbed by leveraging data center waste heat (typically 25-60 °C) and progressive policies, such as the 2024 addition of CDR to the state's definition of clean energy projects under H.5100.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000019#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["direct air capture","carbon dioxide removal","carbon capture and storage","waste heat recovery","geothermal energy","climate policy","carbon neutrality"],"geography_discussed":["California","Texas","Washington","Massachusetts"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","technical feasibility analysis","geographic mapping"]},{"id":"ember-000305","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000305","title":"Romania risks penalties for methane-intensive hard coal production","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2024-10-10","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/10/Factsheet-English.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Romania's hard coal mines in the Jiu Valley are significantly exceeding the EU's upcoming methane intensity limits, with 2022 levels at 14.9 tonnes per kilotonne of coal compared to a 2027 limit of 5 tonnes. To avoid penalties, the document suggests Romania improve its degassing efficiency from 25% to at least 50% and implement Abandoned Mine Methane (AMM) projects, similar to those used in Germany, Poland, France, and Russia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000305#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Romania's hard coal mines in the Jiu Valley, operated by state-owned company CEVJ, are at risk of non-compliance with the EU Methane Regulation. In 2022, the average methane intensity was 14.9 tonnes per kilotonne of coal, which is nearly threefold the limit of 5 tonnes per kilotonne required by 2027.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000305#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Methane emissions from coal mining in Romania were significant in 2021, representing 60% (213 thousand tonnes) of the energy sector's total reported methane emissions. Despite a plan to end extraction by 2030, CEVJ increased hard coal extraction in early 2024, moving from 500 tonnes per day in January toward a target of 2,000 tonnes per day by June.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000305#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Romania's current methane capture rate of 25% is lower than that of Russia, Poland, Germany, and France, which capture up to 60%. Increasing Romania's degassing efficiency to 50% would increase usable methane from 447 to 1,300 tonnes per year, potentially generating 9 thousand MWh of electricity and heat and saving 24 million tonnes of CO2e annually.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000305#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Romania has not yet implemented Abandoned Mine Methane (AMM) projects, despite having closed 173 underground mines between 1935 and 2019. In contrast, Germany has used AMM to generate 544 GWh of electricity and 108 GWh of heat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000305#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["methane emissions"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","Russia","Poland","Germany","France"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","technical feasibility analysis"]},{"id":"ember-000306","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000306","title":"România riscă sancțiuni pentru producția de cărbune cu emisii crescute de metan","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"ro","date_published":"2024-10-10","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/10/Factsheet-Romanian.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Romania's coal mines, particularly in the Valea Jiului region, face potential sanctions under the EU Methane Regulation due to emission levels significantly exceeding the 5 tonnes per kiloton limit set for 2027. In 2022, emissions in Valea Jiului averaged 14.9 tonnes per kiloton. To avoid non-compliance, the document suggests improving degasification efficiency—which is currently 25% compared to up to 60% in countries like Poland and Germany—and implementing 'mined methane from abandoned mines' (MMA) projects, as Romania has 173 closed underground mines that remain untapped.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000306#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Romania is the fifth largest coal producer in the EU, and in 2021, methane emissions from coal mining accounted for 60% (213 thousand tonnes) of the total reported methane emissions from the energy sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000306#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The four underground hard coal mines in the Valea Jiului region, operated by Complexul Energetic Valea Jiului (CEVJ), emitted an average of 14.9 tonnes of methane per kiloton of coal in 2022, nearly three times the EU limit of 5 tonnes per kiloton required by 2027.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000306#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite plans to stop coal extraction by 2030, CEVJ increased daily coal extraction in 2024 from 500 tonnes in January to a target of 2,000 tonnes per day by June.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000306#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Romania's mine degasification efficiency is significantly lower than in other countries; it captures an average of 25%, while Russia, Poland, Germany, and France capture up to 60%. Increasing Romanian efficiency by 50% could raise usable methane from 447 to 1,300 tonnes per year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000306#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Romania has not utilized 'mined methane from abandoned mines' (MMA) projects despite closing 173 underground mines between 1935 and 2019, whereas Germany uses such projects to generate 544 GWh of electricity and 108 GWh of thermal energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000306#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["methane emissions","energy transition"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","Jiu Valley","Russia","Poland","Germany","France"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","technical feasibility analysis"]},{"id":"zca-000005","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/zca-000005","title":"Do we need deep sea mining for the energy transition?","publisher":{"name":"Zero Carbon Analytics","organization":"zero-carbon-analytics"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024-09-05","source_url":"https://zerocarbon-analytics.org/insights/briefings/do-we-need-deep-sea-mining-for-the-energy-transition/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing examines the role of deep sea mining in providing minerals like cobalt, nickel, copper, and manganese for clean energy technologies. It concludes that deep sea mining is unlikely to solve immediate supply crunches because the necessary technology for commercial extraction and processing is not yet available, and the steepest growth in mineral demand is expected before 2035. The document highlights significant environmental risks, regulatory uncertainty surrounding the International Seabed Authority (ISA), and the potential for alternatives such as sustainable land mining, recycling, and material substitution to meet demand.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"zca-000005#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Deep sea mining is unlikely to mitigate short-term mineral supply shortages because the industry lacks the commercial technology for extraction and processing, while the highest growth in demand is projected to occur before 2035.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"zca-000005#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is no physical scarcity of critical minerals in the earth's crust; instead, supply crunches are driven by geopolitical risks, lack of investment in upstream activities, and a high concentration of processing capacity in China.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"zca-000005#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The International Seabed Authority (ISA) has not yet adopted a mining code to regulate international waters, and while a 2025 timeline was set, the current secretary-general emphasizes that rules must be defined before applications are approved.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"zca-000005#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Deep sea mining poses significant and poorly understood environmental risks, including potential impacts on carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and oxygen production from polymetallic nodules that occurs without photosynthesis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"zca-000005#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The minerals most available in the deep sea—copper, cobalt, and manganese—are not necessarily the ones most threatened by supply crunches; rare earths, graphite, and lithium are more likely to face short-term shortages but are not found in significant quantities in polymetallic nodules.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"zca-000005#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Alternatives to deep sea mining include diversifying supply chains, increasing battery recycling (with the EU targeting 15%), adopting sustainable land mining practices, and developing material substitutions like cobalt-free batteries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"zca-000005#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["critical minerals","energy transition","battery","circular economy","carbon sequestration","biodiversity"],"geography_discussed":["Clarion-Clipperton Zone","Japan","Norway","Papua New Guinea","People's Republic of China","United States","European Union","Africa","Indonesia","India"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","technical feasibility analysis","environmental risk assessment"]},{"id":"rmi-000196","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/rmi-000196","title":"Low-Carbon Fuels Have a Limited Role to Play in New York’s Buildings","publisher":{"name":"RMI","organization":"rmi"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2022-05-25","source_url":"https://rmi.org/resources/low-carbon-fuels-have-a-limited-role-to-play-in-new-yorks-buildings/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document assesses the viability of low-carbon fuels for New York's building sector, concluding that they are inefficient and costly compared to direct electrification. It highlights that green hydrogen requires significantly more clean electricity than heat pumps and poses infrastructure risks like pipeline embrittlement. Additionally, it notes that biomethane supplies are insufficient to meet demand and that both biomethane and synthetic methane introduce new methane emission risks. The brief advocates for prioritizing energy efficiency and electrification to meet the goals of the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000196#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Heating buildings with green hydrogen is significantly less energy-efficient than using electric heat pumps; a typical New York home requiring 15 MWh of heating energy annually would need over 25 MWh of clean electricity for green hydrogen, compared to only 5–6 MWh for a high-performing heat pump.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000196#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Scaling green hydrogen to meet New York's current residential and commercial natural gas consumption of 828 TBtu per year would require 308 TWh/y of clean electricity generation, which is nearly the total electricity production of 320 TWh/y anticipated by the Climate Action Council for all sectors by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000196#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Existing gas infrastructure is unsuitable for high concentrations of hydrogen, as the gas can cause metal pipeline embrittlement. New York has nearly 49,000 miles of distribution pipeline, including over 22,000 miles of steel or cast-iron pipes that may require costly replacement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000196#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Green hydrogen is prohibitively expensive for mass heating; while current average costs are $5/kg ($37/MMBtu), projected 2030 prices of $1–$2/kg ($7.40–$15.00/MMBtu) remain significantly higher than historical fossil gas prices of $2–$3/MMBtu.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000196#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Combusting hydrogen in buildings produces harmful air pollutants, specifically nitrogen oxides (NOx), with some studies indicating emissions can be up to six times higher than those from burning methane.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000196#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Blending hydrogen with methane is ineffective for deep decarbonization; a 20% blend by volume would only reduce methane use and emissions by 7%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000196#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Biomethane supply is insufficient for New York's needs, with a NYSERDA study identifying a potential supply of 90 TBtu/y by 2040, which represents only 11% of the buildings sector gas demand.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000196#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Biomethane and synthetic methane are not carbon-free solutions; they can create new methane emissions through thermal gasification and leakage. Furthermore, New York’s Department of Environmental Conservation accounts for gross CO2 emissions from biomethane combustion similarly to fossil gas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000196#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["green hydrogen","renewable natural gas","electrification","energy efficiency","heat pump","methane emissions","greenhouse gas emissions","building emissions"],"geography_discussed":["United States","New Jersey"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","technical feasibility analysis","economic analysis"]},{"id":"saiia-001777","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-001777","title":"Powering Extraction: Use of Renewables in the Minerals Sector","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2020-07","source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Policy-Briefing-198-limpitlaw.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that renewable energy (RE), particularly in hybrid systems combining solar or wind with diesel or grid power, is increasingly viable for the mining sector. While RE requires higher initial capital expenditure (capex) compared to diesel, it offers lower operating expenditure (opex) and protects mines from fuel price volatility over a 20-year period. Key challenges include the intermittent nature of RE, which necessitates energy storage or hybrid configurations to meet the constant 24-hour baseload demand of mines, and a shortage of skilled technicians for installation at remote sites. The brief highlights a trend toward self-generation in South Africa and the potential for portable RE systems to support exploration. It recommends promoting RE for extraction efficiency, developing mobile solar systems, expanding specialized technical education, and utilizing post-mining land for community or utility RE projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001777#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Renewable energy (RE) is more cost-effective than grid or diesel power over a 20-year timeframe, although it shifts the financial burden from low capex/high opex to high capex/low opex.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001777#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Stand-alone solar or wind systems are unsuitable for mining because mines require a constant 24-hour baseload of electricity, whereas RE production is intermittent. This necessitates the use of energy storage or hybrid systems (RE combined with grid or diesel).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001777#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In South Africa, solar PV is identified as having the highest potential for mining use. The economic case is strengthened by the high cost of grid connections and significant price increases in grid supply, which rose by 346% between 2007 and 2015.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001777#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The adoption of RE in mining faces social and technical hurdles, including a lack of local skilled labor for installation and maintenance, which can lead to local hostility because RE projects create fewer jobs than traditional operations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001777#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technological advancements in containerisation and mounting systems now allow RE systems to be portable, enabling their use at exploration sites and reducing the risk associated with the high initial capex of permanent installations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001777#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a growing trend of mining companies seeking energy independence through self-generation. In South Africa, Anglo American has applied to generate 75 MW of solar power at Mogalakwena Platinum Mine, and Gold Fields has applied for 40 MW at South Deep Mine.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001777#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in mining, such as long-haul electric trucks which are 45% more efficient than diesel versions, is expected to increase the demand for on-site electricity and further drive RE installation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001777#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["renewable energy","photovoltaics","wind power","energy storage","carbon dioxide emissions","electric vehicle","mining","energy transition","decarbonization"],"geography_discussed":["Chile","India","Zambia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic assessment","technical feasibility analysis","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"rmi-000970","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/rmi-000970","title":"TOWARD SUSTAINABLE MINING","publisher":{"name":"RMI","organization":"rmi"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2017-07","source_url":"https://rmi.org/app/uploads/2017/07/RMI_Insight_Brief_Toward_Sustainable_Mining_2017.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The mining industry is a major global energy consumer, with 2014 consumption reaching almost 1,400 TWh, representing between 1.25% and 11% of total world energy use. Much of this energy is provided by carbon-intensive diesel generation, particularly at remote off-grid sites. However, falling costs for solar PV and wind energy—with global LCOE dropping by 85% and 66% respectively since 2009—now make renewables cost-competitive with diesel and grid power. The document suggests that most mining functions, excluding trucking, can be electrified, and that U.S. mines could convert an additional 30% of their energy load to electricity. Beyond carbon reduction, transitioning to renewables can provide mining companies with a 'social license to operate' by creating local jobs, improving community relations through microgrids or community solar, and helping national governments meet Paris Agreement NDCs. The 'Sunshine for Mines' program aims to catalyze the installation of 8 GW of renewable capacity in the mining sector by 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000970#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The mining industry is a massive energy consumer, using between 1.25% and 11% of the world's total energy consumption. In 2014, global energy consumption in the mining industry was nearly 1,400 Terawatt hours (TWh), a figure comparable to the total energy consumption of Spain in the same year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000970#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Renewable energy technologies have become economically viable for mining due to dramatic cost reductions since 2009, with solar LCOE falling by 85% and onshore wind LCOE falling by 66%. This makes solar energy cost-competitive with diesel generation globally and competitive with grid-power prices in some regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000970#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant potential for electrification within mining operations. While trucking remains a challenge, all other mining functions—including shoveling and the movement of raw minerals—can be electrified. RMI estimates that the average mine in the United States could convert an additional 30% of its current energy load to electricity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000970#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sub-Saharan Africa serves as a critical testbed for renewable integration in mining due to its severely underdeveloped power sector and poor electricity access. IRENA estimated that solar PV costs in Africa for 2015-2016 ranged from US$1.30/watt to US$4.10/watt, with the lower end competing with global utility-scale fossil-fuel costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000970#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Transitioning to sustainable energy provides 'less tangible' benefits that help mining companies secure a 'social license to operate.' These include creating local jobs in installation and maintenance, implementing community solar or microgrids to stabilize local infrastructure, and assisting national governments in meeting Paris Agreement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000970#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a vast gap between current renewable capacity in mining and what is needed for decarbonization. While approximately 180 GW of renewables would be required to substitute the 434 TWh of electricity currently consumed by the industry, only about 1 GW is currently installed globally, with another 1 GW in the pipeline.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000970#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["decarbonization","renewable energy","photovoltaics","wind energy","energy efficiency","electrification","energy storage","microgrid","Community solar farm","climate finance","Paris Agreement","Nationally Determined Contributions","Sustainable Development Goals","mining industry"],"geography_discussed":["sub-Saharan Africa","South Africa","United States","Chile"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic assessment","policy briefing","technical feasibility analysis"]}]}