{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["technical benchmarks"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'technical benchmarks' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=technical+benchmarks","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"clibonds-000990","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clibonds-000990","title":"Electrical Utilities Criteria","publisher":{"name":"Climate Bonds Initiative","organization":"climate-bonds-initiative"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12-05","source_url":"https://www.climatebonds.net/files/drupal-files/files/electrical-utility-criteria-122023.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Electrical Utilities Criteria provide a framework for certifying entities and debt instruments based on their emissions intensity and transition pathways toward net-zero by 2040. The criteria distinguish between existing and new capacity, setting specific GHG thresholds for low-carbon technologies and phase-out dates for unabated fossil fuel plants. It also defines requirements for mitigation measures like CCS/CCUS and cofiring, as well as a comprehensive adaptation and resilience checklist to ensure infrastructure is robust against physical climate hazards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000990#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The criteria define a CO2 emissions intensity transition pathway for the power sector aiming for net zero emissions by 2040, with specific benchmarks: 460 gCO2/kWh in 2025, 186 gCO2/kWh in 2030, 48 gCO2/kWh in 2035, and 3 gCO2/kWh in 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000990#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Entity certification is divided into two tiers: 'Aligned' entities meet the transition pathway at the time of certification, while 'Transitioning' entities may not meet it initially but must align by 30 December 2030 and continue through 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000990#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"For existing fossil fuel capacity, the criteria mandate the phasing out of unabated coal plants by 2030 in advanced economies and by 2040 in emerging economies. Unabated fossil gas plants must be phased out by 2040 regardless of economy type, and all oil power plants must be phased out by 2030 (advanced) or 2040 (emerging).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000990#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"New low-carbon capacity must meet stricter GHG emission thresholds than existing capacity: hydropower, geothermal, and bioenergy are limited to 50 gCO2e/kWh for new facilities, compared to 100 gCO2e/kWh for existing ones.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000990#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Use-of-Proceed (UoP) bonds for mitigation in fossil fuel plants are eligible if they implement CCS/CCUS with a capture rate of 90% or cofiring with low-carbon fuels at a rate of 100% from the first day of operation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000990#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The criteria for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) require that CO2 transport leakages do not exceed 0.5% of the mass of CO2 transported and that storage complies with ISO 27914:2017.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000990#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Bioenergy feedstock is restricted to lignocellulosic biomass, energy crops, and residues; it explicitly excludes third generation biofuels (algae), wood, and biodegradable municipal solid waste (MSW).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000990#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fossil gas plants must implement measures to limit methane leakages, including detection and reparation programs following EU Taxonomy regulation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clibonds-000990#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["emission intensity","carbon neutrality","carbon capture and storage","Cofiring","hydrogen","bioenergy","methane leak","fossil-fuel phase-out","life cycle assessment","hydropower","geothermal energy","solar energy","wind energy"],"geography_discussed":["European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["certification criteria","technical benchmarks","transition pathway analysis"]},{"id":"cer-000863","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000863","title":"DRAFT REGULATIONS: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INTENSITY BENCHMARKS PRESCRIBED FOR THE PURPOSE OF SECTION 11 OF THE CARBON TAX ACT, 2019","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2019-12","source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Draft-Benchmark-Regulations-Carbon-Tax-2-Dec-2019.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This document presents the draft regulations for greenhouse gas emissions intensity benchmarks under section 11 of the Carbon Tax Act, 2019. It outlines the methodology for taxpayers to determine sector-specific benchmarks and provides a detailed list of industry benchmark values for various industrial sectors, including mining, chemicals, and energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000863#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Taxpayers are required to determine their emissions intensity benchmark by matching their specific sector or subsector with the corresponding benchmark value listed in Annexure A of the regulations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000863#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The regulations specify the metrics for determining measured and verified emissions intensity across several sectors: iron and steel, ferroalloys (ferrochrome and silicomanganese), clay brick manufacturing (saleable brick), cement (clinker), chemicals (nitric acid), the ilmenite industry (titanium slag), and the sugar industry (raw or white sugar).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000863#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"For the mining sector, benchmarks are differentiated by commodity and, in the case of platinum and gold, by the depth of the mine. Platinum mine benchmarks range from 0.004 tonne CO2e / tonne ore mined for shallow mines (0-300 m) to 0.13 for deep mines (1200-2000 m). Gold mine benchmarks range from 0.01 tonne CO2e / tonne rock mined for shallow mines (0-1000 m) to 0.44 for deep mines (2500-4000 m). Coal mining is set at 0.108 tonne CO2e / tonne ore mined.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000863#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The draft regulations establish specific benchmark values for other industrial processes, including 1 tonne CO2e / tonne clinker for cement, 0.28 tonne CO2e / tonne saleable bricks for clay brick manufacturing, and 0.68 t CO2e / tonne 100% nitric acid for chemicals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000863#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The regulations for petroleum include a benchmark of 53.2 kgCO2e / SA - CWT for petroleum refining and 0.067 Mt CO2e / PJ energy input for coal to liquid (CTL) and gas to liquid (GTL) petroleum.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000863#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","carbon tax","emissions intensity","industrial benchmarks"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["Regulatory framework","Technical benchmarks"]}]}