{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["survey experiment"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'survey experiment' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":4,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=survey+experiment","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"prio-001372","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001372","title":"Evade and Deceive? Citizen Responses to Surveillance","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2021-01-07","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/4fa76e50-1d09-4c7e-9aaf-67efa79834af/Evade and Deceive Citizen Responses to Online Surveillance.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study uses an online survey experiment in Japan to examine citizen responses to government surveillance. It finds that while respondents did not engage in preference falsification or self-censorship, they were significantly more likely to opt-out of the survey entirely when reminded of the government's capacity for monitoring, even at a monetary cost.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001372#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The authors conceptualize a 'deception-evasion spectrum' consisting of three distinct behavioral responses to surveillance: preference falsification (stating outright mistruths), self-censorship (avoiding stating an opinion), and opting-out (exiting the situation entirely to avoid both opinion solicitation and further monitoring).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001372#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The empirical results show no evidence that reminders of government or company surveillance lead to preference falsification, as respondents did not change their expressed opinions on controversial topics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001372#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study found no evidence that government or company surveillance increased the tendency of respondents to self-censor by selecting a 'no opinion' response option.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001372#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Reminders of government surveillance significantly increased the probability of respondents opting-out of the survey, with the treatment group being approximately 8 percentage points more likely to attrit than the baseline group.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001372#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The tendency to opt-out occurred even when it resulted in a monetary cost, as respondents had to forfeit payment for completing the survey.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001372#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The opting-out response appears specific to government surveillance, as the 'company surveillance' treatment did not cause respondents to exit the survey at a higher rate than the baseline.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001372#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The findings indicate that evasive behaviors like opting-out occur even in consolidated democracies where freedom of speech and opinion are legally codified, suggesting that intellectual privacy is valued over the opportunity for political expression.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001372#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["survey experiment","theoretical framework"]},{"id":"climstra-000027","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/climstra-000027","title":"More Democratic Legitimacy through Civil Society Involvement in the UNFCCC Negotiations","publisher":{"name":"Climate Strategies","organization":"climate-strategies"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2013-04-23","source_url":"https://climatestrategies.org/more-democratic-legitimacy-through-civil-society-involvement-in-the-unfccc-negotiations/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The author examines the impact of civil society organizations (CSOs) on the democratic legitimacy of UNFCCC negotiations. While CSOs are widely integrated into delegations and observer roles, survey experiments indicate that citizens do not necessarily perceive their presence as an automatic improvement in transparency, representation, or effectiveness. However, the removal of CSOs from delegations leads to a dramatic decrease in perceived legitimacy, suggesting that their inclusion is essential for maintaining public support for global climate governance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000027#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Civil society organizations (CSOs) are deeply integrated into the UNFCCC process; in 2011, 1,490 organizations were accredited as observers and 70% of national delegations to the COPs included CSO representatives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000027#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Survey experiments show that individuals generally believe CSOs should be involved in global climate governance, though this preference is not specifically driven by goals of transparency, representation, or effectiveness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000027#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The mere presence of CSOs in a delegation does not significantly change a citizen's assessment of the negotiations' transparency, representation, or effectiveness compared to a government-only delegation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000027#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Perceptions of legitimacy are strongly affected by changes in CSO involvement: removing CSOs from a delegation causes ratings of transparency, representation, and effectiveness to fall dramatically, while adding them causes ratings to rise substantially.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000027#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Respondents expressed a higher level of distrust toward business representatives compared to environmental NGOs, scientific institutions, and government officials.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000027#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change","climate diplomacy","transparency"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["survey experiment"]},{"id":"Climopin-000001","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/Climopin-000001","title":"CLIMATE-HEALTH MESSAGES BUILD SUPPORT FOR CLIMATE ACTION","publisher":{"name":"Climate Opinion Research Exchange","organization":"climate-opinion-research-exchange"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://climateopinion.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/CLIMATE-HEALTH-MESSAGES-BUILD-SUPPORT-FOR-CLIMATE-ACTION.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study demonstrates that health-related climate messages are twice as likely to shift public attitudes compared to non-health messages across four countries. While a high baseline of concern for climate change exists globally, specific health themes—such as extreme heat, food and water insecurity, and children's health—consistently increase demand for urgent government action and policy support. The report emphasizes that the most impactful health messages vary by country, suggesting that communications should be tailored to local public health priorities to maximize effectiveness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"Climopin-000001#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Health-focused messages are significantly more effective at changing public attitudes toward climate change than non-health messages, with the former being twice as likely to cause a shift.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"Climopin-000001#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Across Brazil, India, Japan, and South Africa, over 80% of the public is concerned about climate change, and at least 75% recognize that it harms human health.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"Climopin-000001#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"When aggregating data from all four countries, the most consistently impactful health messages focus on extreme heat, food and water insecurity, and children's health.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"Climopin-000001#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Brazil, mental health messaging is the most resonant, shifting 24 attitudes in the survey, followed by food and water insecurity and economic and social costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"Climopin-000001#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In India, air pollution is the most resonant topic, while messaging on access to healthcare and jobs and economy also significantly shifts public opinion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"Climopin-000001#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Japan, the most impactful message relates to the health effects of climate-induced heatwaves, which shifted seven attitudes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"Climopin-000001#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In South Africa, messages regarding children's health are the most moving, changing 14 attitudes, followed by food and water insecurity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"Climopin-000001#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is broad public support for specific climate policies across the studied countries, particularly for investing in public buildings for use during extreme weather and building solar parks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"Climopin-000001#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","public health","climate change communication","extreme heat","air pollution","food security","water security","mental health","solar energy","offshore wind power","electric vehicle","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["randomized control trial","survey experiment","public opinion analysis"]},{"id":"prio-001346","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001346","title":"ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS AND HARDLINE PUBLIC OPINION","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/de0b54fd-ce4a-4c5f-9663-f7226a543074/Economic Downturns and Hardline Public Opinion.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research employs two survey experiments with Japanese participants to test the application of group threat theory to international relations. The findings indicate that Japanese individuals adopt more hardline attitudes toward territorial and historical disputes with South Korea specifically when they perceive Japan's economic power is declining relative to South Korea's rising economy. The study concludes that this effect is triggered by the relative shift in economic power rather than the absolute decline of the ingroup or the rise of the outgroup alone.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001346#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Japanese participants demonstrate more hardline attitudes regarding territorial and historical disputes with South Korea when they perceive their own country's economic power is declining relative to South Korea's.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001346#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A hardline shift in public opinion is only triggered by the juxtaposition of an ingroup's economic decline and a rival outgroup's economic rise; neither a decline in the ingroup's status alone nor a rise in the outgroup's status alone produces this effect.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001346#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study found that the perceived threat to relative economic status significantly increased the probability of hardline responses regarding the Takeshima/Dokdo territory and the comfort women issue in the first experiment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001346#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The impact of group threat on public opinion varies based on issue salience: it affects general attitudes when an issue is not salient, but shifts toward more specific aspects of the issue as it becomes more salient.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001346#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The research suggests that public opinion on international conflicts is driven by long-term rebalancing of economic power, making it resistant to short-term policy interventions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001346#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["United States","China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["survey experiment","quantitative analysis","psychological theory application"]}]}