{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["supply chain analysis"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":105,"relation":"eq"},"page":6,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=supply+chain+analysis&page=6","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"mearth-000143","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/mearth-000143","title":"LE CASSE-TÊTE DE L’ANACARDE","publisher":{"name":"Mighty Earth","organization":"mighty-earth"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.mightyearth.org/wp-content/uploads/Le-casse-tete-de-lanacarde-Mighty-Earth-2023-FR.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details how the cashew boom in Côte d'Ivoire has transformed diverse savannas into 'green deserts,' leading to significant primary forest loss and threatening endangered species like the Western chimpanzee. It highlights a dangerous trade-off where increased cash income from cashews has replaced traditional food crops, leaving rural households vulnerable to market crashes and food insecurity. Additionally, it documents health risks for factory workers, primarily women, who suffer caustic burns from cashew nut shell oil. The authors call for full supply chain traceability and stricter regulations in consuming markets like the US and EU to prevent deforestation-linked imports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000143#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The rapid expansion of cashew cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire has led to the creation of 'green deserts,' where monocultures replace diverse dry savanna forests and indigenous vegetation, severely compromising biodiversity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000143#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Cashew trees are allleopathic, releasing chemicals that inhibit the growth of surrounding plants, which, combined with pesticide use, reduces biological diversity and threatens species such as the critically endangered Western chimpanzee.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000143#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The shift toward cashew monoculture has undermined local food security by reducing the cultivation of traditional subsistence crops like yam, maize, and cassava, making rural households dependent on volatile global market prices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000143#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Workers in cashew processing plants, mostly women, suffer painful and sometimes permanent skin burns and nail damage due to exposure to a caustic oil released from the shells during roasting, often because they lack protective equipment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000143#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant lack of transparency and traceability in the global cashew supply chain; many products sold in US and European supermarkets are labeled as originating from Vietnam or India despite actually coming from Côte d'Ivoire.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000143#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Satellite analysis indicates severe primary forest loss in cashew-producing regions between 2019 and 2023, with some areas like Béré experiencing a loss of 25.35%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000143#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity loss","deforestation","food security","sustainable agriculture","pesticide","land-use change"],"geography_discussed":["World","United States","Germany","Netherlands","Vietnam","India","People's Republic of China","United Arab Emirates","Comoé National Park","Bondoukou"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental impact assessment","socio-economic analysis","supply chain analysis"]},{"id":"mearth-000144","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/mearth-000144","title":"me_deforestation_eu_english_r8-5cfd900a927e5656.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Mighty Earth","organization":"mighty-earth"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.mightyearth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/ME_DEFORESTATION_EU_English_R8.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report documents the link between European meat consumption and the destruction of the Gran Chaco ecosystem in Argentina and Paraguay. It highlights how major agribusiness traders, specifically Cargill and Bunge, facilitate the expansion of industrial soy monocultures, leading to illegal deforestation, biodiversity loss, and severe health impacts on local communities due to glyphosate use. The document argues that this destruction is avoidable through the use of degraded lands and the implementation of traceability systems similar to the Brazilian Soy Moratorium.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000144#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The European Union is a major driver of soy-related deforestation in Latin America, importing 27.8 million tons of soy from the region in 2016 to support its dairy, egg, pork, poultry, and beef production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000144#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Gran Chaco ecosystem, spanning Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, is experiencing extreme deforestation rates that match or exceed those of the Amazon rainforest, with over eight million hectares cleared in twelve years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000144#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major agribusiness traders Cargill and Bunge are identified as primary forces behind deforestation in the Gran Chaco, despite public commitments to zero-deforestation, due to a lack of supply chain traceability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000144#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of glyphosate in soy monocultures has led to severe health crises in the Gran Chaco, including increased cancer rates—exceeding 30% of deaths in soy-growing areas compared to 19% nationally in Argentina—and birth defects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000144#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indigenous communities, such as the Y’apó in Paraguay, face violent land grabs and human rights violations, including assaults by armed security guards hired by soy farms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000144#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Deforestation for soy is avoidable as there are over 650 million hectares of previously cleared land in Latin America suitable for agriculture, and monitoring systems for the Gran Chaco would cost between $750,000 and $1,000,000 to establish.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000144#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation","carbon dioxide emissions","biodiversity loss"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","Brazil","Bolivia","France","Germany"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["investigative report","supply chain analysis","environmental impact assessment"]},{"id":"mearth-000146","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/mearth-000146","title":"THE MIGHTY EARTH SOY AND CATTLE DEFORESTATION TRACKER","publisher":{"name":"Mighty Earth","organization":"mighty-earth"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.mightyearth.org/wp-content/uploads/Mighty-Earth-Brief-V8.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Mighty Earth's Deforestation Tracker identifies significant land clearance linked to major Brazilian agribusiness traders, specifically highlighting JBS, Cargill, and Bunge as poor performers. The report details how these companies supply supermarkets in the US, UK, Germany, France, and the Netherlands, and urges retailers to implement strict no-deforestation policies and shift sourcing to better-performing traders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000146#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between March 2019 and November 2020, Mighty Earth and Aidenvironment's Rapid Response monitoring system detected over 2,000 square km (200,000 hectares) of deforestation and clearance linked to the ten largest meatpackers and soy traders in Brazil.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000146#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"JBS and Cargill are identified as the poorest overall performers in the Tracker. JBS received a score of 1/100 and is linked to 42,538 hectares of clearance since March 2019, with 50% classified as possibly illegal. Cargill scored 25/100 and is linked to 61,260 hectares of clearance, of which 10,999 are possibly illegal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000146#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among the assessed companies, Louis Dreyfus Company (LDC), AMAGGI, and ALZ Graõs are better performing soy traders, while Minerva (score 46/100) and Marfrig (score 40/100) are the better performers in beef supply chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000146#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"European supermarkets are highly exposed to deforestation through soy traders Cargill and Bunge. In the UK, Cargill holds a 70% share of soy exports from Brazil. In France, Bunge and Cargill together hold over 50% of the export market from Brazil.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000146#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"US supermarkets are exposed to deforestation risk through beef imports, particularly from JBS, which holds nearly half of the share of beef products exported from Brazil to the US. This risk increased after the US government lifted restrictions on fresh and frozen beef imports from Brazil in March 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000146#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report notes that no company assessed has demonstrated a deforestation-free supply chain or taken significant action to resolve detected cases of deforestation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000146#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mighty Earth recommends that supermarkets implement strong no-deforestation and no-conversion policies, improve traceability to include indirect suppliers, insert deforestation-free conditionality clauses in contracts, and shift sourcing preferences away from poor performers like JBS, Cargill, and Bunge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000146#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","United Kingdom","Germany","Netherlands","France","Amazon rainforest","Cerrado","Mato Grosso","Bahia","Pará"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["performance assessment","supply chain analysis","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"mearth-000147","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/mearth-000147","title":"PROMISES, PROMISES!","publisher":{"name":"Mighty Earth","organization":"mighty-earth"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.mightyearth.org/wp-content/uploads/Mighty-Earth-Soy-tracker-Promises-Promises-V6.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that despite commitments by the Retail Soy Group (RSG) to cease sourcing meat linked to deforestation after August 2020, major soy traders continue to purchase from suppliers engaged in land conversion in the Brazilian Cerrado. Analysis of 10 farms revealed at least 27,000 hectares of deforestation since the cut-off date, with Cargill identified as the poorest performer. The document argues that supermarkets are at risk of selling non-compliant products and calls for stricter enforcement of the 2020 cut-off date, improved traceability, and a shift toward alternative proteins.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000147#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Five major soy traders—Bunge, Cargill, COFCO, LDC, and ALZ Grãos—continued to buy soy from suppliers who deforested at least 27,000 hectares across 10 farms in the Brazilian Cerrado after the August 2020 cut-off date.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000147#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Cargill is the worst performer among the analyzed traders, linked to 24,719 hectares of deforestation and 613 hectares of potentially illegal forest clearance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000147#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant deforestation occurred within the properties of three large agribusiness conglomerates: Condomínio Agrícola Estrondo (over 15,000 hectares in Bahía), BrasilAgro (over 1,180 hectares at Fazenda Serra Grande), and SLC Agrícola (668 hectares at Fazenda Parnaíba).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000147#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Some deforestation since August 2020 was likely illegal, occurring within protected Legal Reserves and Permanent Protection Areas on farms managed by Condomínio Agrícola Estrondo, Serra Branca Agrícola, and SLC Agrícola.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000147#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the first 12 months following the August 2020 cut-off, over 106,000 hectares were deforested on Cerrado farms with existing soy crops within 50 km of grain silos owned by ADM, AMAGGI, ALZ Grãos, Bunge, Cargill, COFCO, or LDC.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000147#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"European supermarkets in the Retail Soy Group (RSG) remain at risk of sourcing meat products fed on non-compliant soy because their suppliers have not adopted the 2020 cut-off date.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000147#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The financial sector has failed to provide sufficient incentives for the soy industry to stop deforestation, with major banks like the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Rabobank, and others providing significant credit to the eight largest soy traders in Brazil.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"mearth-000147#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation","methane emissions","greenhouse gas emissions","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Bolivia","Argentina","Paraguay","European Union","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["supply chain analysis","satellite monitoring","policy implementation review"]},{"id":"trendas-000057","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/trendas-000057","title":"DEFLEKSI ENERGI: PENYIMPANGAN PRAKTEK COFIRING BIOMASSA DI JAWA TIMUR","publisher":{"name":"Trend Asia","organization":"trend-asia"},"document_type":"report","language":"id","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Defleksi-Energi-Full-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that biomass co-firing in East Java is plagued by economic failure, ecological damage, and illegal practices. It finds that Perum Perhutani's energy plantation forests (HTE) have caused significant economic losses for local farmers and are financially unviable for the company. Furthermore, it reveals that PLTU Paiton relies on sawdust from illegal sawmills, often involving stolen timber, and that some suppliers manipulate biomass weight by adding water with the complicity of plant officials. The report also notes that major wood pellet exporters, such as PT Kaliandra Merah Nusantara, primarily export to South Korea rather than supplying domestic power plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000057#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Perum Perhutani's energy plantation forests (HTE) in East Java have caused severe economic losses for farmers, who lost an estimated 144 million rupiah per hectare over three years due to the inability to plant corn under the shade of Gliricidia trees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000057#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The HTE business model is financially unviable for Perum Perhutani; in KPH Padangan, the production and transport costs for one truck of Gliricidia exceed the selling price, resulting in a loss of 180,000 rupiah per shipment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000057#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"PLTU Paiton's biomass supply chain is characterized by illegality, with sawdust sourced from sawmills in areas like Pakuniran that lack business permits and process timber suspected to be stolen from state forests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000057#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Suppliers of sawdust to PLTU Paiton engage in fraud by adding water to the biomass to increase its weight, a practice allegedly overlooked by plant weighing officials in exchange for commissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000057#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Wood pellet exporters in East Java, specifically PT Kaliandra Merah Nusantara, do not supply PLTU Paiton; instead, they export nearly all their production to South Korea.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000057#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The operation of PLTU Paiton has negatively impacted local health and the environment, contributing to respiratory infections (ISPA) among residents and damaging marine ecosystems through coal spills.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000057#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The expansion of HTE has led to ecological degradation, including the planting of Gliricidia in protected river buffer zones (sepadan sungai) and contributing to the drying of the Notopuro Reservoir.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"trendas-000057#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","Cofiring","deforestation","renewable energy","greenhouse gas emissions","ecological justice","supply chain","coal-fired power station"],"geography_discussed":["KPH Padangan","KPH Saradan","Probolinggo","South Korea","Japan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["supply chain analysis","socio-economic impact assessment","environmental impact assessment"]}]}