{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["structural assessment"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'structural assessment' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=structural+assessment","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"pari-000070","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/pari-000070","title":"A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT FISCAL FRAMEWORK","publisher":{"name":"Public Affairs Research Institute","organization":"public-affairs-research-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2020-08","source_url":"https://pari.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200826_EndOfTheRoad_LedgerRampedi_Report-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that South African municipalities are in a state of financial distress because the fiscal framework designed in the 1998 White Paper overestimated the ability of local governments to fund their operating expenditures through property rates and service charges. While the framework assumed 73% of operating costs could be covered by own revenue, the authors estimate the actual figure is likely less than 50%. This gap forces tariff increases that erode the 'social wage'—the state's strategy of providing affordable basic services to reduce poverty. The paper notes that good governance alone cannot solve this structural deficit, as even municipalities with clean audits often end the year in deficit. It further highlights that Eskom's direct supply of electricity to many households removes a key credit control tool for municipalities, hindering the collection of rates and taxes. The authors conclude that the system is fundamentally unsound and requires a complete redesign based on empirical data regarding service costs and household affordability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000070#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 1998 White Paper on Local Government assumed that property rates and service charges would fund 73% of all local government operating expenditure requirements, but actual aggregate funding is likely less than 50%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000070#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Municipal financial distress is a structural issue rather than solely a result of poor management; the Auditor-General of South Africa found that 79% of municipalities had a financial health status that was 'either concerning or requiring urgent intervention' in the 2018/19 financial year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000070#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'social wage'—the provision of affordable basic services to poor households—is being eroded because the fiscal framework requires constant tariff increases to fill funding gaps, which deepens poverty and inequality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000070#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The direct retail supply of electricity by Eskom to over 50% of households undermines municipal revenue collection by removing the ability to use electricity disconnection as a credit control measure for rates and taxes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000070#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Municipal debt has risen significantly, reaching R181.3 billion by March 2020, with 70% of this debt owed by households.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000070#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical underfunding of infrastructure maintenance, with an estimated annual gap of approximately R14 billion between required and actual spending.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000070#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proliferation of conditional grants and an excessive regulatory burden have diverted scarce municipal resources away from direct service delivery toward administrative compliance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000070#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The envisioned 'vibrant' municipal debt markets and alternative funding partnerships have failed to materialize at scale, particularly for smaller and poorer municipalities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000070#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Eastern Cape","Free State","Gauteng","KwaZulu-Natal","Limpopo","Mpumalanga","North West","Northern Cape","Western Cape"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy review","fiscal analysis","structural assessment"]},{"id":"issafri-002132","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/issafri-002132","title":"Violence in Africa","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Security Studies","organization":"institute-for-security-studies"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2018-08","source_url":"https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/ar-12-v1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while armed conflict fatalities in Africa are generally declining, the continent remains vulnerable due to structural drivers including poverty, youth bulges, and poor governance. It notes a shift from rural armed conflict toward urban political protests and riots. The analysis identifies a core group of countries at the highest risk of armed conflict and argues that inclusive economic development and improved governance are the only long-term solutions for stability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Armed conflict fatalities in Africa have generally declined over the long term, though they peaked in 2014-15. Violence involving militant Islamist groups and the state responses to them have proven to be the most resilient forms of conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Armed violence is concentrated in a small number of countries. When adjusted for population size, the citizens most at risk of fatalities between 2001 and 2017 were in the Central African Republic, Somalia, Liberia, Libya, Sudan, South Sudan, and Burundi.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Africa bears a disproportionately high global burden of non-state conflict, which often reflects the inability of governments to maintain territorial control and law and order across large areas of state land.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a growing trend of urban-based political violence. The number of non-violent protests and violent riots has increased twelvefold since 2001, though these events have become less deadly on average over time.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extreme poverty remains a significant driver of instability. Approximately 37% of Africans live in extreme poverty (below US$1.90 per day), and the absolute number of people in this category is forecast to increase to 513 million by 2023 due to population growth.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'youth bulge'—a high proportion of the population aged 15 to 29—increases the risk of criminal violence and conflict, particularly in countries with high unemployment and limited educational opportunities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regime type significantly impacts stability, with 'anocracies' (intermediate regimes with both autocratic and democratic elements) being six times more likely than consolidated democracies to experience new civil conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conflict recurrence is a major trend, with 60% of conflicts repeating in the same countries. The report notes that the risk of recurrence drops by as much as 75% in countries where UN peacekeepers are deployed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Poor governance is a critical vulnerability. The countries scoring worst on the Ibrahim Index of African Governance (below 40/100) include Somalia, South Sudan, Eritrea, CAR, Sudan, Libya, DRC, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Angola, and Burundi.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ten countries are identified as being at the highest risk of armed conflict in 2023 based on the intersection of multiple structural drivers: Somalia, DRC, CAR, South Sudan, Sudan, Burundi, Libya, Cameroon, Angola, and Chad.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002132#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["governance","urbanization","climate change","food security"],"geography_discussed":["World","Somalia","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Central African Republic","South Sudan","Sudan","Burundi","Libya","Cameroon","Angola","Chad","South Africa","Egypt","Nigeria","Tunisia","Algeria","Kenya","Ethiopia","Niger","Rwanda","Madagascar","Liberia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["trend analysis","forecasting","structural assessment"]}]}