{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["semantic clustering"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'semantic clustering' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":1,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=semantic+clustering","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"isdglo-000150","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000150","title":"Tangled Web","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Tangled-Web.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report provides a cross-platform analysis of harmful online activity in the UK, identifying a complex ecosystem where disinformation, conspiracy theories, and extremism interlink. Using a dataset of 768 UK-relevant accounts, the study finds that while explicit hate speech is a small proportion of total messaging, extremist actors maintain significant reach on platforms like Facebook and YouTube. The research highlights a 'hybridised' threat landscape where anti-vaccine and anti-government narratives often blend into overt white supremacy, and notes a growing migration toward 'alt-tech' platforms such as Bitchute and Odysee.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Accounts associated with hate speech and extremist content are more easily discoverable on the studied platforms than those associated with terrorism. Of the 768 UK-relevant accounts identified, only 55 met the project's definition of terrorism, with 42 of those supporting proscribed groups linked to Northern Ireland-related terrorism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant overlap and linguistic continuity between harmful conspiracists and white nationalist communities. Natural language processing identified nine interlinked linguistic communities, showing a spectrum that blends Covid-19 conspiracies, anti-immigration narratives, and opposition to the LGBTQ+ community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major social media platforms continue to host high-reach extremist content. Islamist extremist accounts on Facebook averaged over 568,000 followers among the top four accounts, while the largest UK extreme-right channel on YouTube had close to 2 million subscribers and some far-right Telegram channels exceeded 150,000 subscribers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"YouTube is the most frequently linked-to platform by the studied harmful actors, accounting for 78% of all external platform links (over 50,000 links). Additionally, accounts on 4chan, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook regularly directed followers to Telegram.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a notable trend of UK-relevant harmful actors linking to 'alt-tech' platforms. Bitchute, Odysee, Gettr, and Rumble were each linked to more frequently than Facebook, Instagram, or Reddit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Explicit hate speech constitutes a very small fraction of the total messages sent by the identified harmful accounts, representing only 0.35% of overall messages. This suggests that extremists often promote supremacist worldviews through 'grey area' content that avoids overt dehumanisation to evade moderation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among the detected hate speech, the highest proportion targeted individuals based on national origin (47%), followed by anti-Muslim hate speech (24%), antisemitism (15%), and anti-black hate speech (7%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Engagement levels varied by platform: 4chan's /pol/ board saw the highest volume of UK user activity with 1,891,328 comments. Telegram channels received 95,388,986 cumulative views, and YouTube videos from associated accounts were viewed 37,429,616 times.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Northern Ireland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["cross-platform analysis","network mapping","semantic clustering","hate speech classification"]}]}