{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["scenario comparison"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'scenario comparison' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":7,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=scenario+comparison","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"issafri-000205","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/issafri-000205","title":"RWANDA DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES Scenario comparisons","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Security Studies","organization":"institute-for-security-studies"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2026-06-15","source_url":"https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=RW&topic=03-scenario-comparisons","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes Rwanda's economic trajectory through 2043, comparing a 'Current Path' forecast against scenarios focusing on governance, trade (AfCFTA), infrastructure, and agriculture. It finds that while Rwanda's GDP per capita is projected to grow, the Governance scenario offers the most significant potential for increasing wealth and reducing extreme poverty. The analysis also highlights the role of financial flows and trade openness in poverty reduction, while noting that the Agriculture scenario has a marginal impact due to the declining share of agriculture in the national GDP.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-000205#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"On the Current Path, Rwanda's GDP per capita (PPP) is projected to reach US$4,937 by 2043, which would be 41.3% higher than the average for its low-income African peers. By 2050, this path suggests a GDP per capita of US$6,691, though this is approximately half of the US$12,476 target set by Rwandan authorities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-000205#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Governance scenario is identified as having the greatest positive impact on both wealth and poverty reduction. By 2043, it could raise GDP per capita to US$6,010 (a 21.7% increase over the Current Path) and reduce the number of people in extreme poverty to 2.4 million (12% of the population), compared to 3.5 million (17.6%) on the Current Path.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-000205#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Trade and infrastructure scenarios also provide significant gains: the AfCFTA scenario could increase GDP per capita to US$5,546 by 2043, while the Large Infrastructure and Leapfrogging scenario could reach US$5,473. The AfCFTA scenario is expected to reduce extreme poverty by approximately 655,000 people relative to the Current Path.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-000205#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Agriculture scenario has a marginal effect on GDP per capita, reaching US$4,981 by 2043, which is only US$44.3 above the Current Path. This limited impact is attributed to the expected decline in agriculture's contribution to the overall GDP over the period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-000205#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial flows, particularly aid, are highlighted as critical for poverty reduction; the Financial Flows scenario is the second-most effective at reducing poverty, projecting 2.8 million people (25% of the population) in extreme poverty by 2043, which is 705,000 fewer than the Current Path.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-000205#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["governance","infrastructure","agriculture"],"geography_discussed":["Africa","Kigali","Uganda"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scenario comparison","economic forecasting"]},{"id":"gem-000248","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000248","title":"Production Gap Report 2023","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/migration/reports/PGR2023_web_rev_3.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 Production Gap Report finds that governments plan to produce more than double the amount of fossil fuels in 2030 consistent with a 1.5°C warming limit. While many major producers have pledged net-zero emissions, most continue to expand production, with global coal production projected to increase until 2030 and oil and gas until at least 2050. The report argues for a managed, equitable phase-out of all fossil fuels, noting that reliance on carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is risky due to technical uncertainties and a poor track record of pilot project success.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Governments collectively plan to produce approximately 110% more fossil fuels in 2030 than is consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C, and 69% more than is consistent with a 2°C limit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current government plans and projections indicate that global coal production will increase until 2030, while oil and gas production will increase until at least 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite net-zero pledges from 17 of the 20 profiled major producer countries, none have committed to reducing production in line with the 1.5°C warming limit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report recommends a near total phase-out of coal production and use by 2040, and a minimum three-quarters reduction in combined oil and gas production and use by 2050 relative to 2020 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Reliance on carbon capture and storage (CCS) is deemed risky, as approximately 80% of pilot CCS projects over the last 30 years have failed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transition is at risk of being inequitable, as the planned production of just 10 high-income countries would exceed 1.5°C-consistent pathways for each fuel by 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many governments promote natural gas as a 'bridge' or 'transition' fuel, but the report warns this may lock in fossil-fuel-based systems and delay the shift to renewables.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Existing fossil fuel infrastructure already generates committed CO2 emissions that exceed the remaining carbon budget for a 50% chance of limiting warming to 1.5°C by 2100.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"State-owned enterprises maintain significant control over global supply, managing half of global oil and gas production and over half of coal production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000248#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["petroleum industry","carbon capture and storage","carbon dioxide removal","Net-zero emissions","just transition","stranded asset","methane emissions","Paris Agreement","Nationally Determined Contributions","energy transition","fossil fuel subsidy"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","United States","Russia","Saudi Arabia","Australia","Indonesia","India","Canada","United Arab Emirates","Qatar","South Africa","Norway","Brazil","Kazakhstan","Kuwait","Nigeria","Colombia","United Kingdom","Germany","Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative gap analysis","policy review","scenario comparison"]},{"id":"iisd-002900","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002900","title":"Financing a 1.5˚C-Aligned Transition","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2023-07","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-07/financing-1.5-aligned-transition.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document establishes a consensus across multiple energy models, including the IEA NZE and IPCC pathways, that no new oil and gas fields should be developed to meet the 1.5\f target. It argues that oil and gas production must decline by at least 65% by 2050 from 2020 levels. The brief asserts that the energy crisis in Europe caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine does not justify new fossil fuel production, as existing capacity and demand reduction can meet needs. It highlights a significant investment gap in renewables, noting that annual solar and wind investments must reach USD 830 billion by 2030 to bridge a USD 450 billion annual gap. Finally, it recommends that financial institutions cease financing new oil and gas projects and push for the phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002900#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a broad consensus across various climate and energy models, including the IEA Net Zero Emissions (NZE) and selected IPCC pathways, that developing new oil and gas fields is incompatible with a 1.5\f limit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002900#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To align with 1.5\f, global oil and gas production must decrease by at least 65% by 2050 compared to 2020 levels, with reductions of 18% (IEA) and 30% (IPCC) required by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002900#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The energy security concerns in Europe following Russia's invasion of Ukraine do not justify new oil and gas fields, as new infrastructure would not be operational in time to address the short-term supply crunch.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002900#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant investment gap exists for renewable energy; annual investments in solar and wind need to reach approximately USD 830 billion by 2030, leaving an annual gap of over USD 450 billion based on current projections.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002900#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current global financial imbalances favor fossil fuels, which receive USD 370 billion in annual subsidies compared to USD 100 billion for renewable energies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002900#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most oil and gas companies lack transition plans aligned with 1.5\f; for example, only three of 39 companies assessed by the Climate Action 100+ Net Zero Company Benchmark had aligned pathways.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002900#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel industry","renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","climate finance","fossil fuel subsidy","stranded asset","carbon capture and storage","energy transition","energy security"],"geography_discussed":["Europe","European Union","Russia","Ukraine","United States","Algeria","Morocco","Spain","Azerbaijan","Armenia","Mozambique","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","scenario comparison"]},{"id":"sei-001513","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001513","title":"Phasing down or phasing up? Top fossil fuel producers plan even more extraction despite climate promises","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/pgr2023-execsum-web.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 Production Gap Report finds that global governments plan to produce significantly more fossil fuels by 2030 and 2050 than is consistent with the 1.5°C warming limit. Despite net-zero pledges, many major producers continue to plan increases in coal, oil, and gas extraction. The report argues for a rapid phase-out of fossil fuels, noting that reliance on carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is risky due to technical and economic uncertainties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001513#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Governments are planning to produce fossil fuels in 2030 at levels approximately 110% above what is consistent with a 1.5°C warming limit and 69% above levels consistent with a 2°C limit. This gap is projected to widen by 2050, with planned production reaching 350% and 150% above the 1.5°C and 2°C pathways, respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001513#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current government projections indicate that global coal production will increase until 2030, while oil and gas production will increase until at least 2050. This contradicts the need for rapid declines to meet Paris Agreement goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001513#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among 20 major producer countries analyzed, 17 have pledged net-zero emissions, yet none have committed to reducing the production of coal, oil, and gas in alignment with the 1.5°C warming limit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001513#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report highlights a lack of equity in the transition, noting that 10 high-income countries alone plan fossil fuel production levels that would exceed 1.5°C-consistent pathways for every fuel by 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001513#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Reliance on carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is deemed uncertain; approximately 80% of pilot CCS projects from the last 30 years have failed, and current operational capacity for dedicated CO2 storage is less than 0.01 GtCO2/yr.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001513#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To mitigate risks associated with CCS and CDR, the report recommends a near total phase-out of coal production and use by 2040, and a minimum three-quarters reduction in combined oil and gas production and use by 2050 relative to 2020 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001513#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["petroleum industry","Net-zero emissions","Paris Agreement","carbon capture and storage","carbon dioxide removal","methane emissions","stranded asset","just transition","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Australia","Brazil","Canada","People's Republic of China","Colombia","Germany","India","Indonesia","Kazakhstan","Kuwait","Mexico","Nigeria","Norway","Qatar","Russia","Saudi Arabia","South Africa","United Arab Emirates","United Kingdom","United States","Ukraine"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","quantitative gap analysis","scenario comparison"]},{"id":"ember-000260","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000260","title":"The uk clean power plan","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2021-09","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2021/09/Ember-Report-The-UK-Clean-Power-Plan.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing analyzes pathways from the Climate Change Committee (CCC), National Grid, and Energy Systems Catapult (ESC) to demonstrate that the UK power sector can be nearly fossil-free by 2035. It argues that phasing out unabated gas will reduce reliance on expensive imports, lower electricity bills, and stimulate a green industrial revolution. While the models differ on the roles of nuclear and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), they agree on the centrality of wind and solar power and the need for increased energy storage and hydrogen capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000260#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Three independent expert groups—the Climate Change Committee (CCC), National Grid, and the Energy Systems Catapult (ESC)—agree that the UK power sector can be more than 99% fossil free by 2035 or before without risking security of supply.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000260#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The CCC's 'Balanced Net Zero Pathway' recommends that the burning of unabated natural gas for electricity generation be completely phased out by 2035, with low-carbon generation increasing from 50% to 100% in that timeframe.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000260#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"National Grid's 2021 Future Energy Scenarios indicate that all pathways meeting UK climate targets require less than 1% unabated fossil fuels by 2035, with wind and solar providing at least 80% of power generation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000260#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Modeling by the Energy Systems Catapult for Good Energy suggests a more accelerated timeline where a fully decarbonised electricity grid is achieved by 2030, with renewables accounting for 84% of generation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000260#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A transition to clean power is expected to turn the UK into a significant net exporter of electricity by 2035, with exports estimated between 65-111 TWh, or 15-20% of domestic generation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000260#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While models agree on the dominance of renewables, they diverge on the necessity of nuclear and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS); the CCC views dispatchable gas with CCS as an important counterbalance to variable renewables, whereas the ESC model envisions a system without nuclear or CCS.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000260#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["decarbonization","renewable energy","offshore wind power","solar energy","carbon capture and storage","bio-energy with carbon capture and storage","hydrogen","nuclear power","energy storage","geothermal power","Net-zero emissions","energy security","green hydrogen"],"geography_discussed":["United States","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scenario comparison","policy briefing"]},{"id":"ember-000243","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000243","title":"Global Electricity Review","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020-03","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2020/03/Ember-2020GlobalElectricityReview-Web-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2020 Global Electricity Review reports a record 3% fall in global coal-fired electricity generation and a 2% drop in power sector CO2 emissions in 2019. While coal collapsed in the EU and US, generation rose in China, which now accounts for over 50% of global coal generation. Wind and solar generation grew by 15%, providing 8% of the world's electricity. However, the report argues that these declines are largely due to one-off factors and that current progress is insufficient to meet the IPCC's 1.5°C scenario, which would require coal generation to collapse by 11% annually until 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000243#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Global coal-fired electricity generation decreased by 3% in 2019, which contributed to a 2% reduction in power sector CO2 emissions. These represent the most significant declines since at least 1990.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000243#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China's coal generation increased by 2% in 2019, making it responsible for more than half of the world's coal generation for the first time. Since the 2015 Paris Agreement, China's coal generation has risen by 17%, while the rest of the world's has fallen by 9%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000243#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Wind and solar generation grew by 15% in 2019, accounting for 8% of global electricity. While this growth rate matches the compound annual growth needed to meet the Paris climate agreement, the rate of growth is actually the lowest recorded this century.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000243#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The decline in coal is not yet a structural 'new normal' because it relied on one-off factors: a decade-low increase in electricity demand, nuclear restarts in Japan and South Korea, and coal-to-gas switching in the US and EU.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000243#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The European Union saw a record 24% collapse in coal generation in 2019, with wind and solar generation exceeding coal for the first time. Since 2007, EU coal generation has halved and power sector emissions fell by 43%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000243#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The United States experienced a record 16% fall in coal generation in 2019, the lowest level since 1975. However, this was largely offset by a switch to gas, with gas generation increasing by 8% and now making up 38% of the electricity mix.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000243#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"India recorded its first-ever decline in coal generation (3%) since at least 1990, driven by weak economic growth and a record monsoon season that boosted hydro generation by 14%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000243#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To limit climate change to 1.5°C, the IPCC's median scenario requires global coal generation to collapse by 11% per year until 2030. The IEA's Sustainable Development Scenario is less ambitious, requiring annual falls of 4% from 2018 to 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000243#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["wind power","solar energy","nuclear power","hydroelectricity","electric energy consumption","emission intensity","Paris Agreement","energy efficiency","methane leak"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","European Union","India","Vietnam","Japan","South Korea","Indonesia","Malaysia","Philippines","Pakistan","Germany","Portugal","Brazil"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["statistical analysis","trend analysis","scenario comparison"]},{"id":"climstra-000190","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/climstra-000190","title":"Consistency of policy instruments","publisher":{"name":"Climate Strategies","organization":"climate-strategies"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-04-13","source_url":"https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/cs-ecofys-consistency-eu-beyond20-2011-04-13.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes how the EU can move to a 30% greenhouse gas reduction target by 2020. It finds that full implementation of existing renewable energy and energy efficiency targets could lead to a domestic reduction of approximately 30%, though current policy instruments for energy efficiency are insufficient. The report also examines the role of offsets and LULUCF accounting, noting that these could reduce the required domestic effort to approximately 20% while still nominally meeting a 30% target. It concludes that the EU ETS cap would need significant adjustment—potentially to 29-43% below 2005 levels—to remain consistent with these targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000190#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Full implementation of the EU's renewable energy and energy efficiency targets could result in a domestic greenhouse gas emission reduction of approximately 30% by 2020, and up to 32% if additional reductions are achieved in non-energy sectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000190#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current policy instruments for energy efficiency are not sufficient to meet the EU's energy efficiency target, despite the existence of significant cost-effective mitigation potential.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000190#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To be consistent with the energy efficiency and renewable targets, the EU ETS cap would need to be set between 29% and 43% below 2005 emission levels by 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000190#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of offsets and LULUCF accounting can significantly lower the required domestic effort; with maximum offsets and likely LULUCF rules, a nominal 30% target could be met with domestic emissions only 20% to 22% below 1990 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000190#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Offsets could contribute up to 4% of 1990 emissions for a 20% target and up to 9% for a 30% target, while LULUCF accounting could contribute approximately 2% for the 30% target, though this varies from 0% to 9% depending on the rules.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000190#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A domestic emission reduction of 25% to 30% by 2020 is considered conducive to the long-term goal of achieving an 80% to 95% reduction by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000190#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In a least-cost scenario for a 30% domestic reduction, only 38% of the reductions in the ETS sector must be achieved by the industry directly; 26% come from electricity demand efficiency and 36% from renewable energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000190#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","renewable energy","energy efficiency","European Union Emission Trading Scheme 1","Villevocance","carbon offset","decarbonization"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","quantitative modelling","scenario comparison"]}]}