{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["regulatory timeline"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'regulatory timeline' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=regulatory+timeline","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"eesi-000253","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/eesi-000253","title":"Timeline of EPA Action on Greenhouse Gases","publisher":{"name":"Environmental and Energy Study Institute","organization":"environmental-and-energy-study-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2011-07","source_url":"https://www.eesi.org/files/epa_ghg_timeline_070711.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The EPA is implementing a phased approach to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, starting with the largest industrial sources. Following a 2007 Supreme Court ruling and a 2009 Endangerment Finding, the EPA established permitting requirements for new or modified facilities emitting significant amounts of CO2e. These requirements include a Best Available Control Technology (BACT) analysis. The agency has also implemented a three-year deferral for biomass facilities and plans to establish New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for power plants and oil refineries by 2012.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000253#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The EPA's authority to regulate greenhouse gases (GHGs) was established by a May 2007 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Massachusetts v. EPA, which determined that GHGs are air pollutants under the Clean Air Act, provided they are found to be a danger to human health.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000253#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"As of July 1, 2011, GHG permitting is required for new facilities emitting more than 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) per year, and for facilities undergoing major modifications that increase emissions by 75,000 tons of CO2e per year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000253#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regulated proposals must undergo a five-step Best Available Control Technology (BACT) analysis to identify and select the most effective emission control technologies, considering energy, environmental, and economic impacts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000253#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EPA has granted a three-year deferral for GHG permitting for large industrial facilities that use biomass (via burning, fermenting, or anaerobic digestion) to allow for further study of the net atmospheric impact of biomass.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000253#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EPA planned to propose New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for power plants in September 2011 and oil refineries in December 2011, with final standards expected by May 2012 and November 2012 respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000253#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","carbon capture and storage","biomass","power station"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["regulatory timeline","policy analysis"]},{"id":"eesi-000005","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/eesi-000005","title":"EPA begins greenhouse gas permit program","publisher":{"name":"Environmental and Energy Study Institute","organization":"environmental-and-energy-study-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2011-01-18","source_url":"https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/epa-begins-greenhouse-gas-permit-program","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The EPA has introduced new GHG permitting standards under the Clean Air Act, requiring large power plants and refineries to undergo a Best Available Control Technology (BACT) analysis. While states typically issue these permits, the EPA has taken over this role in Arizona and Texas due to non-compliance. The program targets facilities adding more than 75,000 tons of CO2 (or equivalent) and will expand in July 2011 to include all new facilities emitting over 100,000 tons per year. The BACT process involves a five-step evaluation of technology availability, feasibility, effectiveness, and impact to determine the best emission control options.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000005#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The EPA's GHG permitting standards apply to newly-constructed or modified facilities that already require air permits for non-GHG pollutants and would add more than 75,000 tons of carbon dioxide or an equivalent mix of GHGs. Starting in July 2011, the requirement extends to all new facilities emitting more than 100,000 tons of CO2 or equivalent GHG mix annually.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000005#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Best Available Control Technology (BACT) analysis is a five-step process used to determine if GHG pollution controls are warranted. It involves identifying available technologies (such as carbon capture and sequestration for coal plants), assessing technical feasibility, ranking effectiveness, analyzing economic and environmental impacts, and selecting the top-ranked option.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000005#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While individual states generally control the issuance of air permits under the Clean Air Act, the EPA assumed responsibility for issuing permits in Arizona and Texas because those states did not adapt their programs to comply with GHG standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000005#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EPA has established a timeline for further GHG regulations, including proposing New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) guidelines for existing oil refineries in December 2011 and issuing final GHG standards for existing power plants in May 2012 and existing oil refineries in November 2012.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000005#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","carbon dioxide","carbon capture and storage","power station"],"geography_discussed":["Arizona","Texas","Massachusetts"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","regulatory timeline"]}]}