{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["regulatory design"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'regulatory design' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=regulatory+design","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"wwf-000432","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000432","title":"Principles for Fisheries Management in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2018-12","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/680/3t3qqft15v_08818_WWF_WB_Report_GloTT_final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that the complexity of high seas fisheries makes single-tool solutions ineffective, necessitating a combination of State regulation and economic incentives. It outlines nine principles for creating these 'smart mixes,' emphasizing the need for compatible instruments, targeted interventions, and the empowerment of non-State 'surrogate regulators.' The document supports these principles with case studies, including the Parties to the Nauru Agreement's Vessel Day Scheme and various tuna fishery initiatives in the Caribbean and Southeast Asia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000432#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Management of ABNJ fisheries is hindered by high levels of complexity and heterogeneity, specifically regarding multiple actors at local, regional, and global levels, the 'Freedom of the Sea' creating common pool resource challenges, and the fact that while rules are set globally, enforcement rests with individual States.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000432#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report advocates for 'smart instrument mixes'—combining multiple public and private forms of control—because single policy instruments are generally insufficient for the complexities of ABNJ fisheries and global supply chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000432#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Incentive-based tools are categorized into 'pull' incentives, which use market-based instruments to shape consumer demand (e.g., MSC certification), and 'push' incentives, which target the production side (e.g., bycatch taxes and rights-based management).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000432#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document identifies nine principles for smart mixes: ensuring compatible instrument combinations; calibrating for least resistance, lowest cost, and maximum impact; sequencing or scaling interventions; empowering surrogate regulators; maximizing net gain outcomes; harnessing stakeholder responsiveness; considering top-down constraints; adapting the mix based on effectiveness; and assessing opportunities for better interventions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000432#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-State actors, termed 'surrogate regulators' (including NGOs, companies, and consumer groups), can be empowered through delegated legal power or by influencing the regulatory process to enhance the State's regulatory reach.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000432#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA) Vessel Day Scheme (VDS) serves as a successful example of an adaptive, sequenced intervention that moved from capping vessel numbers to a transferable effort program, significantly increasing access fees from less than 6% to 14% of landed value.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000432#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Eastern Pacific Ocean, the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) has reached the effectiveness limit of traditional measures like closed seasons, suggesting a need for incentive-based alternatives such as individual vessel quotas (IVQ) to address recruitment overfishing of bigeye and yellowfin tuna.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000432#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report notes that international fisheries law is heavily based on State consent and historical fishing patterns, which can create gridlock in Regional Fishery Management Organizations (RFMOs) and make the redistribution of harvest rights difficult.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000432#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["ocean acidification"],"geography_discussed":["Caribbean","Grenada","Dominican Republic","Southeast Asia","Indonesia","Philippines","East Pacific Ocean"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy framework","case study analysis","regulatory design"]},{"id":"cer-000865","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000865","title":"EXPLANATORY NOTE FOR THE DRAFT REGULATIONS ON THE CARBON OFFSET","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2016-06-20","source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Draft-Regulations-Explanatory-Note.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines a carbon offset mechanism designed to allow South African firms to reduce their carbon tax liability by investing in external GHG mitigation projects. It establishes a framework where offsets can provide a tax-free allowance of 5% or 10%, primarily relying on international standards like the CDM, VCS, and Gold Standard. The scheme is restricted to projects located within South Africa and those outside the direct scope of the carbon tax to prevent double counting. Administration is tasked to the Designated National Authority (DNA) within the Department of Energy, supported by an Independent Expert Committee and a national registry to track the transfer and retirement of credits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000865#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The carbon tax design includes various tax-free allowances, with the carbon offset allowance specifically set at either 5 per cent or 10 per cent, contributing to a total potential tax-free allowance of up to 95 per cent during the first phase until 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000865#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To be eligible, carbon offset projects must be located in South Africa and must occur outside the scope of activities already subject to the carbon tax to avoid double counting of emission reduction benefits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000865#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The scheme initially relies on three international carbon offset standards: the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), and the Gold Standard (GS).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000865#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Designated National Authority (DNA) within the Department of Energy is responsible for administering the scheme, including pre-screening project ideas, registering projects, and issuing offset certificates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000865#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"An Independent Expert Committee (IEC), potentially chaired by the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), will be established to develop and assess new methodologies and manage the 'positive list' of eligible project types.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000865#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The process for claiming an allowance requires credits to be cancelled in an international registry and transferred to a South African registry, where they are then issued as domestic carbon-offset certificates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000865#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Certain projects are explicitly ineligible for the offset scheme, including those benefiting from other government incentives such as the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) and the Energy Efficiency Savings Tax Incentive (section 12L).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000865#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon tax","carbon offset","clean development mechanism","energy efficiency","renewable energy","waste management","carbon price"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","California","Alberta"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy framework","regulatory design"]}]}