{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["realist systematic literature review"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'realist systematic literature review' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":1,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=realist+systematic+literature+review","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"fsdafri-000277","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000277","title":"THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CARBON MARKETS on local communities in low- and middle-income countries","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-05","source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Impact-of-carbon-markets-Final_09.05.25.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while carbon markets have the potential to generate social and economic benefits for LMIC communities, current impacts are often suboptimal or negative due to poor project design and governance. Agricultural and energy efficiency projects generally show higher potential for positive community impact than pure forest conservation projects, which often restrict access to vital resources. Key barriers include low carbon prices in voluntary markets, delayed payments, and the exclusion of women due to land tenure structures. Positive outcomes are linked to pro-poor design, inclusive governance, higher carbon prices for co-benefits, and adherence to stringent standards like the CCB Standard.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000277#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Agricultural carbon and energy efficiency projects, particularly clean cookstove initiatives, demonstrate the highest potential for positive economic and social impacts at the community level, whereas purely forest or nature conservation projects have less potential to contribute positively to local livelihoods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000277#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Low carbon prices in voluntary markets often result in minimal revenues for local communities, and payments are frequently delayed, which can negatively impact participation and compliance, especially in LMICs with low household liquidity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000277#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Forest conservation projects are frequently linked to food insecurity and the loss of subsistence crop yields, as they often restrict local communities' access to forests for collecting firewood, fruits, honey, and grazing livestock.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000277#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Carbon projects often exacerbate gender inequalities because participation is typically tied to formal land tenure and property rights, which women frequently lack, leading to their exclusion from benefit-sharing and decision-making.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000277#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Nature-based carbon projects can trigger local tensions and conflicts, including forced evictions and disputes over land rights; one study indicated that the probability of non-violent conflict increased by 32% within a 25-kilometre radius after project implementation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000277#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Positive social and economic outcomes are more likely when projects integrate pro-poor strategies, use inclusive governance structures, and secure additional funding beyond purely market-based carbon revenues to provide upfront services and payments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000277#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Higher carbon prices for projects that deliver social co-benefits and adherence to stringent standards, such as the CCB Standard or Plan Vivo, are critical for ensuring meaningful community participation and the protection of human rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000277#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Clean cookstove projects have demonstrated positive health outcomes, including reduced risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute lower respiratory infections, primarily benefiting women who are typically responsible for cooking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000277#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon offset","nature-based solutions","agroforestry","reforestation","afforestation","renewable energy","carbon sequestration","climate finance","land tenure","food security","gender equality","climate justice"],"geography_discussed":["Latin America","Asia","Kenya","India","Ethiopia","Mexico","Panama","Sri Lanka","Indonesia","Tanzania","Madagascar"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["realist systematic literature review"]}]}