{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["quantitative survey"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":24,"relation":"eq"},"page":2,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=quantitative+survey&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"issafri-002341","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/issafri-002341","title":"FROM SOLDIERS TO CITIZENS","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Security Studies","organization":"institute-for-security-studies"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2007-03","source_url":"https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/MONO130FULL.PDF","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report assesses the transition of former UNITA soldiers into civilian life following the 2002 Luena Memorandum of Understanding. Through surveys of 603 ex-combatants, it finds that while most feel welcomed by their communities and intend to participate in democratic elections, significant challenges remain. Economic vulnerability is high, with a heavy reliance on humanitarian food aid and a lack of formal employment due to low education levels. The study highlights a persistent 'demobilised' identity among many, particularly those of higher military rank or those without land access. It argues that reintegration is deeply tied to land ownership, family networks, and the influence of traditional authorities (Sobas), while noting that the vulnerability of ex-combatants is largely similar to that of other displaced populations in Angola.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A significant portion of former UNITA combatants do not yet identify as full civilians; 48.6% describe themselves as 'demobilised' and 1% as 'military'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Economic vulnerability is widespread, with 54.7% of surveyed ex-combatants relying on agriculture as their primary income source, and many remaining dependent on World Food Programme (WFP) or NGO assistance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Access to and ownership of land strongly correlates with a person's sense of reintegration and identity; 57.6% of those with land access see themselves as civilians, compared to only 34.1% of those without land.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Former combatants generally feel well-received by their communities, with 90% reporting a positive reception, often facilitated by existing family networks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a high level of political engagement and belief in democratic processes, with 97.7% of respondents intending to vote in future elections and 90% viewing voting as a right of citizenship.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Traditional authorities, specifically the Soba, maintain high symbolic importance and are viewed as the most important figures in the community by the vast majority of ex-combatants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Military rank influences perceptions of reintegration; middle-ranking officers (majors, captains, lieutenant-colonels) are less likely to feel reintegrated than privates, often linking their civilian status to the attainment of a job.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Education levels among the target group are low, with over half of the ex-combatants not progressing beyond the first level of primary school, which acts as a major barrier to formal employment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The vulnerability profile of former combatants is remarkably similar to that of other displaced civilians and returnees in Angola, suggesting that targeted support may be less critical than general poverty reduction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Information access is heavily dominated by radio, with 83.4% of respondents using it as their primary source, and state-run radio being the most listened-to station (33.2%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002341#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Lubango","Ku\u001dto","Andulo","Chipindo","Johannesburg"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["socio-economic analysis","political analysis","quantitative survey","qualitative focus groups"]},{"id":"prio-001168","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001168","title":"The Devil in the Demographics: The Effect of Youth Bulges on Domestic Armed Conflict, 1950-2000","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2004-07","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/37cda26a-0f88-4d4c-b210-ba867408058e/29740.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study finds that youth bulges significantly increase the risk of domestic armed conflict, particularly when combined with economic stagnation. Using a dataset of sovereign states and dependent areas from 1950 to 2000, the author argues that the risk is heightened in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab world where youth bulges coexist with poor economic performance and unstable political regimes. The research rejects Samuel P. Huntington's theory of a specific 'critical level' threshold for conflict and suggests that previous World Bank studies failed to find these effects due to flawed measurement methods. Additionally, the author identifies migration as a critical 'safety valve' that can mitigate youth discontent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001168#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Youth bulges are robustly associated with an increased risk of domestic armed conflict; specifically, a one percentage point increase in a youth bulge is linked to approximately a 7% increase in conflict likelihood.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001168#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The risk of conflict associated with youth bulges is significantly amplified during periods of economic stagnation or recession.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001168#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study finds no empirical evidence to support Samuel P. Huntington's proposition that conflict risk increases non-linearly once youth bulges reach a specific 'critical level' (such as 20% of the population).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001168#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The author argues that previous World Bank research failed to find a significant link between youth bulges and conflict because they measured youth cohorts relative to the total population rather than the adult population, which underestimates bulges in rapidly growing populations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001168#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The relationship between youth bulges and conflict appears to have changed over time; the effect was positive and significant during the Cold War (1950-1989) but became insignificant and negative in the post-Cold War period (1990-2000).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001168#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Political regime type exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with conflict risk, where intermediary and unstable regimes are more prone to conflict than either stable democracies or stark autocracies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001168#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Migration serves as a critical mitigating factor, acting as a 'safety valve' for youth discontent and reducing the likelihood of domestic violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001168#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Based on 2000 data, countries identified as particularly vulnerable due to the combination of youth bulges, intermediary regimes, and stagnant economic growth include Zambia, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Yemen, Niger, Togo, Iran, and Jordan.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001168#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["sub-Saharan Africa","Arab world","Zambia","Kenya","Zimbabwe","Yemen","Niger","Togo","Iran","Jordan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative survey","logistic regression","event history statistical model"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000138","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000138","title":"GRIT, SKILLS AND LUCK: EXAMINING THE FINANCIAL LIVES OF REFUGEES IN UGANDA","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/FI4R-Baseline-13072020ii_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the financial lives of refugees in Uganda, focusing on the settlements of Nakivale, Bidibidi, Palorinya, and the capital, Kampala. It highlights a significant shift from regular employment to self-employment, with the share of refugees in regular jobs dropping from 25% in their home countries to 6% in Uganda. The average monthly income for refugees is 160,000 UGX, with Kampala having the highest median (205,000 UGX) and Palorinya the lowest (90,417 UGX). The study notes a strong adoption of new financial tools, specifically mobile money (increasing from 7% to 30%) and Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations (ASCAs). Women have shown significant economic progress, with their median monthly earnings nearly tripling from 46,000 UGX to 130,000 UGX. The report also identifies critical vulnerabilities, such as the high cost of charcoal and limited access to medical care, with 20% of refugees unable to afford necessary doctors or medicine.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Refugees have experienced a sharp decline in regular employment since arriving in Uganda, with the share of those in regular jobs falling from 25% in their home countries to 6% in Uganda. This trend is most severe in Kampala, where 46% had regular jobs before leaving compared to only 7% now.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There has been a significant transition toward self-employment; 52% of refugees now support themselves through small independent businesses, compared to 32% in their countries of origin. The highest rates of small business ownership are found in Bidibidi (80%) and Kampala (57%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The average monthly income for refugees is 160,000 UGX, though this varies by location, ranging from 90,000 UGX in Palorinya to 205,000 UGX in Kampala. In Kampala, high incomes are partly driven by remittances, with 54% of refugees receiving an average of 180,000 UGX per month.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Charcoal is the most significant regular expense for refugees, costing an average of 40,000 UGX per month and accounting for nearly half of all regular expenditures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Refugees have rapidly adopted new financial instruments, with mobile money usage increasing from 7% in their countries of origin to 30% in Uganda. Additionally, 41% now use savings groups, with a strong preference for Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations (ASCAs) over Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women refugees have demonstrated substantial economic growth, with their median monthly earnings nearly tripling from 46,000 UGX to 130,000 UGX. The proportion of women employed outside the home rose from 55% in their country of origin to 82% in Uganda.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Refugees generally possess higher education levels than their host communities, with 36% of refugees having a secondary education or above compared to 21% of the host community. This is most prominent in Kampala, where 68% of refugees have a secondary education or above.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Access to healthcare remains a critical gap; 20% of refugees needed a doctor or medicine but were unable to obtain them, an event that occurred an average of six times per person in the past year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Refugees face specific risks related to digital finance, with 17% experiencing blocked SIM cards, resulting in an average loss of 30,000 UGX in mobile money.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000138#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["microfinance","poverty reduction"],"geography_discussed":["Kampala","Nakivale Refugee Settlement","Bidi Bidi Refugee Settlement","Palorinya Refugee Settlement","Democratic Republic of the Congo","South Sudan","Somalia","Burundi","Rwanda"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative survey","comparative analysis","baseline study"]},{"id":"saiia-000672","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-000672","title":"cari_wp22_mengnyantakyilocalskilldevelopment-c3c29809a88ff48b.pdf","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/CARI_WP22_MengNyantakyiLocalSkillDevelopment.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This research paper examines the contribution of Chinese construction enterprises to local skill development in Ghana, comparing them with other foreign and local firms. Using 2016 survey data from 12 enterprises, the study finds that Chinese firms contribute positively to both short-term general and long-term specific training for local workers, often at higher rates than other foreign firms. However, structural challenges such as low technical education quality, low employee retention, and communication barriers hinder the effectiveness of skill transfer.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Chinese and other foreign-owned construction enterprises in Ghana contribute more to the skill development of local employees through training than indigenous local enterprises do.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Employees of Chinese construction firms have a higher probability of receiving training, particularly short-term general training, compared to those employed by other foreign enterprises.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Chinese construction enterprises contribute significantly to local job creation, with an average of 90% of their employees being hired locally, contradicting perceptions that they rely primarily on imported Chinese labor.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The study identifies four primary structural challenges that impede local skill development in Ghana's construction sector: poor quality of technical education, low employee retention rates, tight project timelines, and cultural or communication barriers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Low technical education quality is the most significant barrier, cited by 100% of surveyed enterprises, as graduates often lack the practical, hands-on experience required for on-site work.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Employee retention is a major hurdle, with 83% of enterprises reluctant to train workers who may leave for higher-paying sectors, such as gold mining.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Language and communication barriers specifically hinder Chinese enterprises, as technical knowledge is often lost during translation by staff who lack the necessary technical background.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Tight project deadlines and short contract durations make it difficult for firms to implement long-term specific training or apprenticeships, a challenge cited by 75% of enterprises.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The monetary cost of training is not a primary barrier to skill development, with only 25% of enterprises identifying it as a significant challenge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000672#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Greater Accra Region","Ashanti Region","Central","Eastern"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative analysis","quantitative survey","regression analysis"]}]}