{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":125,"relation":"eq"},"page":3,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=quantitative+assessment&page=3","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=quantitative+assessment&page=4","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"sei-000045","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000045","title":"Climate Risks to Trade and Food Security: Implications for Policy","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2021-10-28","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/climate-risks-trade-food-security-implications-policy","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document highlights the critical and unrecognized nature of transboundary climate risks to the trade of maize, rice, wheat, soy, sugar cane, and coffee. It asserts that traditional risk management strategies like diversification are insufficient against accelerating climate impacts and warns of potential geopolitical tensions as producers struggle to maintain market shares. The authors call for a global systemic view and increased international coordination to implement fair adaptation, particularly to protect low-income, import-dependent countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000045#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Transboundary climate risks to global food security are increasing and have been largely ignored by the global community, affecting the trade of maize, rice, wheat, soy, sugar cane, and coffee.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000045#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Standard trade risk management methods, including diversification and substitution, are expected to fail because climate change impacts are accelerating simultaneously across the globe.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000045#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate vulnerabilities may lead to heightened geopolitical tensions as major agricultural producers attempt to protect their market shares, necessitating a multilateral rather than nationalistic response to avoid undermining global resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000045#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Low-income countries that depend on imports are especially vulnerable to food security risks, making the alignment of public and private adaptation strategies a matter of public policy to ensure a just transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000045#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","international trade","climate change adaptation","climate finance","just transition"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","quantitative assessment"]},{"id":"sei-000629","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000629","title":"Phasing out blast furnace climate targets","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2021-10-20","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/phasing-out-blast-furnace-climate-targets","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The authors find that the emissions commitment of current primary steel equipment is 21 Gt CO2eq, which is significantly lower than previous estimates of 52–65 Gt CO2eq. This suggests that future emissions are driven by the speed of novel technology and renewable energy deployment, rather than the long economic life of existing capital. The authors recommend improved monitoring of asset age and research into regulating emission-intensive equipment to avoid consuming the remaining carbon budget.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000629#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Iron and steel production accounts for 7% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and the long economic life of production equipment has been identified as a barrier to meeting climate targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000629#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Based on furnace-level data of historical operating patterns, the authors estimate the emissions commitment of current primary steel equipment at 21 Gt CO2eq, which is substantially lower than previous estimates ranging from 52 to 65 Gt CO2eq.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000629#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Future emissions from the steel sector are primarily driven by the pace of renewable energy provision, the deployment of new technologies, and reductions in energy use and steel demand, rather than the persistence of long-lived capital.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000629#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","decarbonization","carbon budget","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","comparative analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-000033","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-000033","title":"The Production Gap","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-10-19","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/publications/production-gap-2021","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2021 Production Gap Report finds that governments plan to produce significantly more fossil fuels by 2030 than is consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C, with the gap remaining largely unchanged from previous assessments. While some G20 countries and multilateral development banks have reduced finance for fossil fuel production, over USD 300 billion in new funds have been directed toward fossil fuel activities since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, exceeding investments in clean energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000033#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Governments' planned fossil fuel production for 2030 exceeds levels consistent with a 1.5°C warming limit by approximately 110% and a 2°C limit by 45%, a gap that has remained largely unchanged from previous reports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000033#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific projections for 2030 show that planned production would result in 240% more coal, 57% more oil, and 71% more gas than is consistent with the 1.5°C limit, with gas production projected to see the greatest increase between 2020 and 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000033#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have allocated over USD 300 billion in new funding to fossil fuel activities, surpassing the amount directed toward clean energy, although some G20 countries and one-third of the largest multilateral development banks (MDBs) and development finance institutions (DFIs) have adopted policies to exclude fossil fuel production from future finance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000033#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["petroleum industry","coal","petroleum","natural gas","Paris Agreement","climate finance","clean energy","G20","multilateral development bank"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"newclim-000129","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/newclim-000129","title":"National fair shares in reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the","publisher":{"name":"NewClimate Institute","organization":"newclimate-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2021-09-09","source_url":"http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/national-fair-shares-in-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-within-the","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research evaluates 168 NDCs against international environmental law, finding that some states use justifications—such as least cost pathways or emissions per GDP—that lack legal backing. By applying principles of harm prevention, precaution, and the Paris Agreement's ambition goals, the author argues that developed states must reach net-negative emission levels by 2030 to meet temperature goals. Among G20 nations, only India and Indonesia are identified as being able to temporarily increase emissions relative to 2010, while others have decreased emissions too slowly or increased them over the last decade.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000129#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Many NDCs use indicators supported by international law, such as sustainable development and common but differentiated responsibilities, but some rely on indicators not backed by these principles, including emissions per GDP, least cost pathways, and a small share of global emissions for states that are not Small Island Developing States (SIDSs) or Least Developed Countries (LDCs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000129#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To be collectively compatible with the Paris Agreement's long-term temperature goal, developed states must achieve net-negative emission levels by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000129#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Within the G20, only India and Indonesia can temporarily increase emissions relative to 2010, with only India able to do so relative to current levels; meanwhile, approximately half of G20 states increased emissions during the 2010s, and those that decreased them did so at an insufficient pace.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000129#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Nationally Determined Contributions","Paris Agreement","climate justice","greenhouse gas emissions","climate change litigation"],"geography_discussed":["India","Indonesia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["legal analysis","quantitative assessment"]},{"id":"sei-002218","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002218","title":"Climate change, trade, and global food security","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-09","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/climate-trade-global-food-security-sei-report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies critical transboundary climate risks in global agricultural trade, noting that a few major exporters like the US, Brazil, and China disproportionately transmit risk to dependent importers. It argues that traditional risk management, such as diversification, is insufficient against systemic climate shifts and calls for multilateral cooperation and system-level adaptation finance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change is projected to cause significant long-term yield reductions in five of the six assessed commodities: sugar cane (-58.5%), Arabica coffee (-45.2%), maize (-27.0%), Robusta coffee (-23.5%), and soy (-7.2%), while wheat is projected to increase by 13.9%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Transboundary climate risks are disproportionately concentrated in a small number of major exporting countries. For maize, the primary risk exporters are Brazil, China, and the US; for rice, they are Thailand and the US; and for wheat, the US is the dominant source of risk.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The maize market is particularly unstable, with climate risks outweighing opportunities by a ratio of 43:1. In the coffee market, the imbalance is even more extreme, with very few countries expected to see production increases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Traditional supply chain risk management strategies, such as diversifying suppliers or substituting sources, are likely to be ineffective because climate change creates systemic, simultaneous risks across multiple breadbasket regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Certain regions exhibit high dependency on risky imports; for example, Latin America and the Caribbean are highly dependent on the US for maize, soy, and wheat, while Kenya and Bolivia face high risks from within their own regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report warns that awareness of these risks could lead to a retreat from global integration toward protectionism and the securitization of food supplies, which would likely destabilize markets and harm the most vulnerable countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective adaptation requires a shift from national-level planning to a cooperative multilateral approach, utilizing frameworks like the Paris Agreement's Global Goal on Adaptation to address the international dimensions of climate risk.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors propose a new model for climate finance that targets systemic resilience rather than individual countries, such as a 'World Rice Market Climate Stabilization Mechanism' to fund open-access crop varieties and infrastructure in key exporting regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The assessment's results are likely conservative because the methodology focuses on long-term yield trends and excludes the impacts of extreme weather events and risks to physical infrastructure like ports and storage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002218#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","climate change adaptation","climate finance","Paris Agreement","Global Goal on Adaptation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","People's Republic of China","Thailand","Kenya","Bolivia","Singapore","United Kingdom","Germany","Russia","Canada","Chile","Jamaica","Costa Rica","Japan","Nigeria","Morocco"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","stress test","risk assessment"]},{"id":"wwf-000503","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000503","title":"Driven to Waste","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2021-07","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/517/4jqn8wgjtl_driven_to_waste_summary.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report 'Driven to Waste' estimates that 1.2 billion tonnes of food, or 15.3% of global production, is lost on farms. When combined with retail and consumer waste, total global food loss and waste is estimated at over 2.5 billion tonnes (approximately 40% of all food produced), contributing 10% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. The document highlights a geographic disparity: high- and middle-income countries in Europe, North America, and Industrialised Asia contribute 58% of global harvest loss, while low-income countries account for 54% of post-harvest farm-stage loss. It argues that farm-stage loss is driven by downstream market decisions and asymmetric power balances, and calls for national governments to include food loss and waste in Paris Agreement national carbon plans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000503#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Approximately 1.2 billion tonnes of food is lost during and around harvest, representing 15.3% of all food produced globally.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000503#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Total global food loss and waste is estimated to be over 2.5 billion tonnes, which is nearly 40% of all food produced, a higher figure than the commonly cited 33%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000503#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The contribution of food waste to total global greenhouse gas emissions has increased from previous estimates of 8% to 10%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000503#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a distinct geographic split in the type of farm loss: high- and middle-income regions (Europe, North America, and Industrialised Asia) produce 58% of global harvest loss, whereas low-income countries account for 54% of post-harvest farm-stage loss.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000503#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Farm-stage food loss is a major driver of agricultural emissions, accounting for 16% of the total.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000503#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","sustainable agriculture","food insecurity","biodiversity loss","Paris Agreement"],"geography_discussed":["Europe","North America","Asia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"gem-000100","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000100","title":"Deep Trouble","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-06","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/migration/reports/CoalMines_2021_r4_23.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that 2,277 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) of new coal mining capacity is under development globally, with 614 mtpa already under construction. This expansion is heavily concentrated in China, Australia, India, and Russia, which together represent 77% of global development. The authors argue that this trajectory is incompatible with the Paris Agreement, as coal production would need to decline 11% annually through 2030 to limit warming to 1.5°C. If all proposed capacity is realized, 2030 production would be over four times the 1.5°C-compliant pathway. The report also highlights a potential $91 billion USD in stranded assets and significant greenhouse gas emissions, estimated between 5,000 and 5,800 Mt of CO2-equivalent annually from these projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There are 432 new coal mine developments and expansion projects currently announced or under development worldwide, totaling 2,277 mtpa of new capacity, of which 614 mtpa is under construction and 1,663 mtpa is in planning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proposed coal mine capacity is highly concentrated, with China, Australia, India, and Russia representing 77% (1,750 mtpa) of global development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The development of these new mines contradicts the IEA's net-zero roadmap, which requires no new coal mines or extensions after 2021. If all proposed capacity is realized, 2030 coal production will exceed the 1.5°C-compliant pathway by over four times.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proposed coal mine projects face a total stranded asset risk of up to $91 billion USD, with $27 billion USD already fixed in projects currently under construction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Annual greenhouse gas emissions from the proposed mines, including combustion and methane leakage, are estimated to be between 5,000 and 5,800 Mt of CO2-equivalent, a level comparable to the annual CO2 emissions of the United States.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Two-thirds of the proposals (1,471 mtpa) are 'greenfield' developments, indicating an industry preference for breaking ground on new mines that lock in long-term production and emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Thermal coal remains the dominant type of proposed capacity at 71%, although metallurgical coal for steel-making accounts for 70% of proposed capacity in North America.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In China, proposed capacity is heavily concentrated in four provinces and regions—Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, and Shanxi—which account for approximately 24% (544 mtpa) of the world's proposed capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The majority of proposed coal mines in India and China are sponsored by state-owned enterprises, meaning taxpayer funds are subsidizing these projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000100#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","methane leak","stranded asset","Paris Agreement","Net-zero emissions","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","Australia","India","Russia","United States","South Africa","Indonesia","Poland","Turkey","Canada","Colombia","Inner Mongolia","Xinjiang","Shaanxi","Shanxi","Queensland","Jharkhand","Odisha","Chhattisgarh","Kuznetsk Basin","Mpumalanga","East Kalimantan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","policy analysis","financial risk assessment"]},{"id":"wwf-000690","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000690","title":"DRIVEN TO WASTE: THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF FOOD LOSS AND WASTE ON FARMS","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-06","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/788/6yoepbekgh_wwf_uk__driven_to_waste___the_global_impact_of_food_loss_and_waste_on_farms.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report estimates that 1.2 billion tonnes of food are wasted on farms annually, representing 15.3% of global production. This waste contributes 2.2 gigatonnes of CO2 eq, approximately 4% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis reveals that high- and middle-income regions contribute a disproportionate share of harvest waste per capita. The document argues that farm-stage waste is driven not only by direct biological or technical factors but by indirect systemic drivers, including market power imbalances, rigid retail specifications, and the diversion of edible food to animal feed. It calls for a 50% reduction target from 'farm to fork' by 2030 and a shift toward holistic interventions involving governments, retailers, and citizens.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Global food waste on farms is estimated at 1.2 billion tonnes per year, which is approximately 15.3% of all food produced globally, with a total value of $370 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Farm-stage food waste has a significant carbon footprint of 2.2 gigatonnes CO2 eq, accounting for roughly 16% of all agricultural emissions and 4% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High- and middle-income countries in Europe, North America, and Industrialised Asia (China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea) contribute 58% of global harvest waste, despite representing only 37% of the global population.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The land used to produce food wasted on farms globally is approximately 4.4 million km2, an area larger than the Indian subcontinent, with meat and animal products responsible for over half of this land use.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Freshwater withdrawals for food lost at the farm stage total 760km3, with cereals and pulses (37%) and meat and animal products (22%) being the primary contributors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current definitions of food waste often mask the problem by excluding edible food diverted to animal feed, which can disincentivise reduction and drive overproduction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Farm-stage waste is driven by indirect systemic factors, such as asymmetric power balances in supply chains and retail specifications for appearance, which can make harvesting unprofitable for farmers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the US broiler chicken industry, unsustainable rapid growth rates and poor animal welfare contribute to waste levels of 637,000 tonnes per year, or 6.5% of total farm-stage meat product waste in the region.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In South and Southeast Asia, rice waste is driven by market demand for specific cultivars like basmati, which may be less suited to the land and result in higher waste rates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Uganda and Tanzania, dagaa fish waste levels are estimated at 26-40% of landed catch, often due to a lack of suitable drying equipment and low market prices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000690#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","biodiversity loss","land use","Sustainable Development Goals","climate finance","regenerative agriculture","food security"],"geography_discussed":["Europe","North America","People's Republic of China","Japan","South Korea","India","Thailand","Uganda","Tanzania","Pakistan","United States","Canada","Ethiopia","Ghana","Madagascar"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","case study analysis","policy review"]},{"id":"gem-000085","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000085","title":"YÜKSELIŞ VE ÇÖKÜŞ 2021","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"report","language":"tr","date_published":"2021-04","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/migration/reports/BoomAndBust_2021_Turkish_final_11.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report highlights a global divergence in coal power: while the US, EU, and parts of Asia are seeing record retirements and project cancellations, China's significant increase in new capacity in 2020 led to a net global growth of 12.5 GW. The document argues that current national trajectories remain far from the IPCC 1.5°C pathway, which would require the cancellation or retirement of 1,350 GW of capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000085#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In 2020, global coal-fired power capacity grew by 12.5 GW because China's new capacity additions outweighed total retirements in the rest of the world. China accounted for 76% of the world's new coal capacity in 2020, adding 38.4 GW.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000085#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The United States experienced record retirements during the Trump administration (2017–2020), with 52.4 GW of capacity retired, surpassing the 48.9 GW retired during Obama's second term. Despite President Biden's goal to decarbonize the energy sector by 2035, only one-third (76.6 GW) of the current 233.6 GW coal fleet has existing retirement plans by that date.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000085#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"South and Southeast Asia are seeing a collapse in planned coal projects. Indonesia, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam have moved to cancel projects totaling 62 GW of capacity. Consequently, pre-construction planning capacity in these four countries is projected to drop 80% from 125.5 GW in 2015 to 25.2 GW.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000085#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Turkey, the stock of coal power projects decreased by 38% in 2020 compared to 2019, falling from 33.2 GW to 20.4 GW. For the first time in history, Turkey's operational coal capacity decreased, dropping from 19.5 GW in 2019 to 18.1 GW in 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000085#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global coal capacity is not aligned with the IPCC 1.5°C pathway. To meet this budget, 1,350 GW of capacity would need to be cancelled or retired: 450 GW in OECD countries, 500 GW in China, and 400 GW in the rest of the world. Without accelerated closures, projected 2030 capacity is approximately 2,400 GW, compared to the 1,100 GW required by the 1.5°C pathway.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000085#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial institutions are increasingly restricting coal funding, but loopholes remain. While the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) announced it would no longer fund overseas coal projects, other banks like BlackRock maintain significant investments in coal companies by using 'ratio-based' policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000085#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal-fired power station","energy transition","decarbonization","climate finance","Paris Agreement","renewable energy","carbon dioxide emissions"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","Turkey","Vietnam","Philippines","Japan","South Korea","Australia","Egypt","South Africa","Zimbabwe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","policy analysis","financial tracking"]},{"id":"sei-001789","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001789","title":"Climate risks to trade and food security: implications for policy","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2021","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/sei-policy-brief-climate-trade-food-adams-281021.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that climate change creates systemic, transboundary risks to food security that cannot be managed through traditional national strategies like diversification. Using a 'stress test' methodology, it identifies critical vulnerabilities in the trade of maize, rice, wheat, soy, sugar cane, and coffee, highlighting that a few major exporters—such as the US, Brazil, and China—transmit significant risk to global consumers. The authors call for a shift from national adaptation to a cooperative multilateral approach, utilizing frameworks like the Paris Agreement's Global Goal on Adaptation and rethinking climate finance to target systemic resilience in global commodity markets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001789#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change is projected to cause significant global yield reductions in five of the six analyzed commodities: sugar cane (-58.5%), Arabica coffee (-45.2%), maize (-27.0%), Robusta coffee (-23.5%), and soy (-7.2%), while wheat is projected to increase by 13.9%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001789#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate risks to global food security are concentrated and transmitted primarily through a small number of key exporting nations: the US, Brazil, and China for maize; Thailand and the US for rice; and the US for wheat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001789#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Traditional trade risk management strategies, including substitution and diversification, are expected to be ineffective because climate impacts are occurring simultaneously and globally, reducing the availability of resilient alternative suppliers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001789#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Certain regions exhibit high vulnerability to transboundary risks; for instance, Latin America and the Caribbean are heavily dependent on risky imports from the US, while countries like Kenya and Bolivia face high risks from within their own regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001789#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The systemic nature of these risks could lead to increased geopolitical tension as large agricultural producers attempt to maintain market shares while managing their own climate vulnerabilities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001789#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors advocate for a multilateral approach to adaptation, suggesting that climate finance should move beyond single-country targets to support the resilience of entire international systems, such as the global maize market.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001789#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","international trade","climate change adaptation","climate finance","Paris Agreement","Global Goal on Adaptation"],"geography_discussed":["Brazil","People's Republic of China","United States","Thailand","Kenya","Bolivia","Latin America and the Caribbean","United Kingdom","Germany","Singapore","Jamaica","Costa Rica","Japan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"wwf-000600","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000600","title":"DRIVEN TO WASTE: THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF FOOD LOSS AND WASTE ON FARMS","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/1112/5p58sxloyr_technical_report_wwf_farm_stage_food_loss_and_waste.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that 15.3% of global agricultural production, approximately 1.2 billion tonnes, is lost at the farm stage, with an estimated economic value of $370 billion. It challenges the assumption that losses are primarily a low-income country issue, noting that higher- and middle-income countries are responsible for 58% of global harvest losses. Environmental impacts are significant, including 2.2 gigatonnes of CO2 eq. emissions, 760 km3 of freshwater withdrawals, and 4.4 million km2 of land use, with meat and animal products having a disproportionately high impact. The report identifies a complex web of direct drivers (biological, agronomic, and technological) and indirect drivers (market structure, governance, and human factors) and argues for synchronized, holistic interventions rather than isolated technical fixes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Global farm stage food losses are estimated at 1.2 billion tonnes per year, which represents 15.3% of total global food production. This is split between 8.3% lost at or around harvest and 7.0% during farm stage post-harvest activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report challenges the assumption that farm stage losses are primarily a problem for low-income countries. Higher- and middle-income countries, representing 37% of the global population, account for 58% of global harvest losses, while low-income countries account for 54% of post-harvest farm stage losses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The total economic value of global food losses at the farm gate is estimated at $370 billion per annum, excluding fisheries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Farm stage food losses result in an annual carbon footprint of 2.2 gigatonnes CO2 eq., which is approximately 16% of total global emissions from agricultural production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Meat and animal products (including dairy) have a disproportionately high environmental impact; they account for 40% of CO2 eq. emissions and over 40% of acidification and eutrophication potentials, despite representing only 13% of total food loss tonnage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The land area required to produce food lost at the farm stage is estimated at 4.4 million km2, an area larger than the Indian sub-continent. Over half of this land use is associated with meat and animal products.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Freshwater withdrawals associated with global farm stage food losses are estimated at 760 km3. Cereals and pulses have the highest global water footprint, with specific hotspots in rice production in South and Southeast Asia and wheat production in North America and Asia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food loss drivers are categorized into direct factors (biological and environmental; agronomy, animal husbandry, and fishing practices; and technology and infrastructure) and indirect factors (market structure, governance, and investment; and human factors).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report argues that the traditional distinction between 'food loss' (unintended) and 'food waste' (conscious decision) is misleading and does not help in identifying drivers or solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective mitigation of farm stage food losses requires synchronized, holistic interventions rather than isolated technical fixes, combining technological improvements with training, better market connections, and fair pricing for farmers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000600#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","land use","agricultural production","climate change","biodiversity loss"],"geography_discussed":["South and Southeast Asia","North America","Europe","India","United Kingdom","Pakistan","South Africa","Ghana","Benin","People's Republic of China","Peru","Trinidad and Tobago","Guyana","France","Ethiopia","Malawi","United States","Canada","Oceania","Lake Victoria"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","environmental impact modeling","case study analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-000478","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-000478","title":"The Production Gap","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020-12-02","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/publications/production-gap-2020","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2020 Production Gap report highlights that current government plans for fossil fuel production far exceed the levels necessary to meet Paris Agreement temperature goals. To limit warming to 1.5°C, global production must decline annually by 11% for coal, 4% for oil, and 3% for gas, yet governments are planning annual increases of 2%. By 2030, countries aim to produce 120% more fossil fuels than is consistent with the 1.5°C limit. The report argues that the COVID-19 recovery presents a critical choice: either return to production trajectories that lock in catastrophic warming or implement a managed wind-down of fossil fuels as part of a 'build back better' strategy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000478#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"To maintain a warming limit of 1.5°C, global fossil fuel production must decrease annually by 11% for coal, 4% for oil, and 3% for gas; however, governments are currently planning annual increases of 2%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000478#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gap between planned production and climate goals, with countries intending to produce 120% more fossil fuels by 2030 than would be compatible with limiting global warming to 1.5°C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000478#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic recovery serves as a turning point where government stimulus and recovery measures will either lead back to production levels that cause severe climate disruption or enable a just and equitable transition away from fossil fuels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000478#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["petroleum industry","coal","petroleum","natural gas","Paris Agreement","climate change mitigation","just transition","economic recovery"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"newclim-000271","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/newclim-000271","title":"Supporting vulnerable CDM projects through credit purchase facilities","publisher":{"name":"NewClimate Institute","organization":"newclimate-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2020-01-15","source_url":"http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/supporting-vulnerable-cdm-projects-through-credit-purchase-facilities","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The paper evaluates the role of six major credit purchase facilities in sustaining vulnerable CDM projects. While these facilities procured only 2.5% of the total potential CER supply (120 million CERs) from 2013 to 2020, they had a disproportionate impact on vulnerable projects, procuring 20% of the potential supply from highly vulnerable projects and reducing the remaining potential supply from 171 million to 137 million CERs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000271#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between 2013 and 2020, the potential Certified Emission Reduction (CER) supply from registered CDM projects with high vulnerability to discontinuation was estimated at 171 million CERs, representing less than 4 percent of the total potential supply of 4.65 billion CERs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000271#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Six major credit purchase facilities procured approximately 120 million CERs from 2013 to 2020, which constitutes 2.5% of the total potential CER supply from all existing CDM projects for that period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000271#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Credit purchase facilities provided significant support to vulnerable projects: approximately 30% of their procured CERs came from project types with generally high vulnerability, and another 28% came from those with variable vulnerability. This procurement accounted for 20% of the potential supply from highly vulnerable projects, lowering the remaining potential supply from 171 million to roughly 137 million CERs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000271#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["clean development mechanism","climate change mitigation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment"]},{"id":"ember-000252","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000252","title":"The path of least resistance","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020-01","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/11/Ember-Path-of-least-resistance-2020.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that the EU ETS region is increasingly importing electricity from non-EU neighbors with high carbon intensities, effectively importing emissions and creating 'offshore carbon havens'. In 2019, the EU ETS region imported 26 million tonnes of CO2, with a net import of 20 million tonnes. The authors argue that the disparity in carbon pricing gives a competitive advantage to high-carbon generators in countries like Turkey, Ukraine, and the Western Balkans. To combat this, the report recommends a border carbon adjustment (BCA) on gross electricity imports to protect the integrity of EU climate policy and incentivize decarbonization in neighboring states. It also warns that planned increases in interconnection capacity (31% by 2030) and new coal power projects (up to 57GW) in connected non-EU countries will exacerbate the problem.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000252#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Countries within the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) are seeing a rise in electricity imports from nations with zero or near-zero carbon pricing, with net imports increasing from 3TWh in 2017 to 21TWh in 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000252#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In 2019, the EU ETS region imported an estimated 26 million tonnes of CO2, resulting in a net import of 20 million tonnes of CO2. This volume of emissions is comparable to the annual emissions produced by Italy's coal fleet.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000252#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gross electricity imports into the EU ETS region in 2019 were valued at \u0001.6bn; if these imports had been subject to the EU ETS carbon price, it would have generated \u0001630m in revenue.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000252#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Interconnection capacity between the EU and non-EU countries is projected to increase by 31% by 2030, with 15% of this expansion occurring with the Western Balkans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000252#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately 57GW of new coal power is being planned or constructed in countries connected or soon-to-be connected to EU grids, representing a 53% increase in coal capacity for those countries. The largest planned additions are in Turkey (34GW), Egypt (11GW), Bosnia & Herzegovina (4GW), and Serbia (2GW).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000252#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon leakage","European Union Emission Trading Scheme 1","Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism","coal power","carbon price","Grid decarbonization"],"geography_discussed":["Turkey","Egypt","Bosnia and Herzegovina","Serbia","Greece","Finland","Spain","Croatia","Romania","Hungary","Morocco","Ukraine","Western Balkans","Italy","Bulgaria","Portugal","Slovakia","Poland","Cyprus","Israel","Libya","Tunisia","Moldova","North Macedonia","Montenegro","Belarus","Albania","Russia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","quantitative assessment"]},{"id":"drawdown-000058","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/drawdown-000058","title":"Rapport Drawdown","publisher":{"name":"Project Drawdown","organization":"project-drawdown"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2020","source_url":"https://drawdown.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/ProjectDrawdown_FRENCH-6.1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2020 Drawdown Report argues that the world can reach the Drawdown point by the mid-2040s if existing climate solutions are deployed with high ambition. The analysis categorizes 76 solutions into three primary areas: reducing emissions sources (electricity, food/agriculture, industry, transport, and buildings), strengthening natural carbon sinks (terrestrial, coastal, and oceanic), and improving society through health and education. The report emphasizes that these solutions are interconnected and that the net operational savings significantly outweigh the implementation costs, with estimated savings of 95.1–145.5 trillion USD against implementation costs of 22.5–28.4 trillion USD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000058#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The world can reach the Drawdown point by the mid-2040s if all existing climate solutions are exploited to their fullest extent, or by the 2060s depending on the level of ambition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000058#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The financial argument for climate action is strong, as net operating savings are four to five times higher than net implementation costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000058#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately 60% of the 76 detailed solutions either reduce fossil fuel use through energy efficiency or replace them entirely, potentially accounting for nearly two-thirds of the emissions reductions needed for Drawdown.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000058#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Achieving the Drawdown point requires a dual approach: bringing emissions to zero and strengthening natural carbon sinks to remove existing atmospheric excess.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000058#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Some of the most effective solutions are often overlooked, including reducing food waste, adopting plant-rich diets, preventing refrigerant leaks, and improving access to reproductive health and inclusive education.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000058#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Under the most ambitious scenario (Scenario 2), the world could limit peak global warming to approximately 1.52 °C in the 2050s, aligning with the goals of the Paris Agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000058#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies 'accelerators'—such as policy revision, capital reallocation, and cultural shifts—that are essential to scale solutions at the required speed and scope.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000058#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","geothermal energy","nuclear power","electric vehicle","public transport","regenerative agriculture","reforestation","carbon sequestration","circular economy","green building","climate finance","carbon sink","biochar"],"geography_discussed":["Japan","Democratic Republic of the Congo","India","United States","United Kingdom","Europe","Burkina Faso","Colombia","Indonesia","Nepal","Germany","Brazil","Denmark","Rwanda","Belgium","Canada","Kenya","Peru","Guinea","Chile","Maldives"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","scenario modeling","policy analysis"]},{"id":"drawdown-000060","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/drawdown-000060","title":"Drawdown Review","publisher":{"name":"Project Drawdown","organization":"project-drawdown"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020","source_url":"https://drawdown.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/TheDrawdownReview%E2%80%932020%E2%80%93Download.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Drawdown Review 2020 argues that the world can reach Drawdown by the mid-2040s to mid-2060s by scaling existing technologies and practices. The framework categorizes solutions into reducing emission sources, supporting carbon sinks, and improving society. The report emphasizes that the financial benefits of these solutions, with operational savings exceeding implementation costs four to five times over, outweigh the costs of action.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000060#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The world could reach Drawdown as early as the mid-2040s or as late as the 2060s, depending on the level of ambition in scaling existing climate solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000060#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The economic case for climate action is strong, with net operational savings estimated at $95.1–145.5 trillion compared to net implementation costs of $22.5–28.4 trillion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000060#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately 60% of the 76 assessed solutions either reduce fossil fuel use through efficiency or replace them with alternatives, potentially delivering nearly two-thirds of the emissions reductions needed for Drawdown.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000060#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High-impact solutions that often receive less attention include food waste reduction, plant-rich diets, the management of chemical refrigerants, forest restoration, and access to inclusive education and reproductive healthcare.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000060#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Reaching Drawdown requires a dual approach of bringing emissions to zero while simultaneously supporting nature's biological and chemical processes to absorb and store carbon.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000060#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Under the most ambitious scenario (Scenario 2), CO2-equivalent concentrations would peak at approximately 490 ppm in the mid-2040s, with peak global mean temperature warming around 1.52°C through the 2050s.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000060#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies several 'accelerators' necessary to scale solutions, including shaping culture, building political power, altering policy and rules, shifting capital, changing behavior, and improving technology.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"drawdown-000060#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","carbon sequestration","renewable energy","distributed solar photovoltaics","geothermal power","nuclear power","hydropower","energy efficiency","Building retrofit","energy efficient building","regenerative agriculture","agroforestry","forest restoration","electric vehicle","public transport","circular economy","Mangrove restoration","climate finance","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["Japan","Democratic Republic of the Congo","India","United States","United Kingdom","Europe","Colombia","Burkina Faso","Tanzania","Indonesia","Brazil","Nepal","Germany","Denmark","Rwanda","Canada","Belgium","Kenya","Peru","Maldives"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","scenario analysis","policy framework"]},{"id":"newclim-000063","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/newclim-000063","title":"Climate Action Tracker Global Update: Governments still showing little sign of stepping up","publisher":{"name":"NewClimate Institute","organization":"newclimate-institute"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2019-12-10","source_url":"http://www.newclimate.org/resources/publications/climate-action-tracker-global-update-governments-still-showing-little-sign","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Climate Action Tracker reports that current pledges put the world on track for 2.8°C of warming by 2100, while real-world actions suggest 3°C. Despite a 75% shrinkage in the coal pipeline since 2015, coal capacity increased by 63 GW in that period, and natural gas demand continues to grow rapidly. Conversely, renewable capacity is projected to increase by 1,200 GW over the next five years, driven primarily by solar PV and onshore wind.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000063#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Current global pledges are projected to lead to a temperature increase of 2.8°C by the end of the century, whereas actual real-world actions are estimated to result in a 3°C rise. An optimistic projection that includes planned additional actions still results in 2.8°C of warming.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000063#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a lack of updated Paris Agreement pledges as of December 2019, with only the Marshall Islands submitting an updated NDC and Chile publishing a draft.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000063#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global coal capacity saw a net increase of 63 GW between 2015 and 2019, although the pipeline for coal expansion decreased by nearly 75% during the same period. China, Japan, and South Korea continue to fund offshore coal, exemplified by the proposed Chinese-funded Lamu coal-fired power station in Kenya.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000063#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Natural gas demand grew by 5% from 2017 to 2018, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the increase in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. To align with the Paris Agreement without CCS, gas in power generation must peak before 2030 and be halved by 2040 relative to 2010 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000063#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Renewable power capacity is expected to grow by approximately 1,200 GW (a 50% increase) over the next five years, with solar PV and onshore wind contributing 60% and 25% of new installations, respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"newclim-000063#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Paris Agreement","Nationally Determined Contributions","climate change","coal-fired power station","natural gas","carbon capture and storage","photovoltaics","onshore wind farm","offshore wind power","hydroelectricity","carbon dioxide emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Marshall Islands","Chile","Asia","People's Republic of China","Japan","South Korea","Kenya","Germany","United Kingdom","Vietnam","Spain"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","policy tracking"]},{"id":"iisd-000802","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-000802","title":"The Production Gap: The discrepancy between countries’ planned fossil fuel production and global production levels consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-11-20","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/production-gap-discrepancy-between-countries-planned-fossil-fuel-production-and","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a significant 'production gap,' noting that planned fossil fuel production by 2030 exceeds levels consistent with a 2°C pathway by 50% and a 1.5°C pathway by 120%. It argues that these plans are inconsistent with Paris Agreement pledges and are driven by national plans, subsidies, and public finance, while highlighting the need for international cooperation and policy alignment in updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000802#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"By 2030, governments plan to produce fossil fuels at levels approximately 50% higher than what is consistent with a 2°C warming pathway and 120% higher than what is consistent with a 1.5°C pathway.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000802#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Planned fossil fuel production levels contradict the collective climate pledges made under the Paris Agreement, resulting in a global production gap that exceeds the existing global emissions gap.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000802#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The expansion of fossil fuel production and the resulting production gap are driven by public finance, government subsidies to producers, and ambitious national plans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000802#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["petroleum industry","Paris Agreement","Nationally Determined Contributions","public finance","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","policy review"]},{"id":"sei-000796","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000796","title":"Nexus Megacities Boundaries Beijing","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2019-08-19","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/nexus-megacities-boundaries-beijing/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study analyzes the water-energy nexus (WEN) in Beijing for 2016, finding that water consumed for 'imported' energy exceeds water used for internal energy production. It highlights a policy contradiction where efforts to meet water targets through recycled and transferred water may hinder carbon emission control targets, suggesting a shift toward low energy intensity, nature-based water recycling.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000796#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In 2016, Beijing's internal water use for energy production and transformation was 220 million m3/year (5.6% of total freshwater use), while energy for local water abstraction, supply, and treatment was 3.06 billion kWh (1.1% of total energy consumption).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000796#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Beijing consumes more water for energy outside its boundaries than within; external water for 'imported' energy is 290 million m3/year, which is 1.3 times the amount used for internal energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000796#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a conflict between Beijing's water and energy policies: increasing the use of transferred and recycled water to meet 'three-red-line' water targets makes achieving carbon emission control targets more difficult.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000796#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water scarcity","nature-based solutions"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment"]},{"id":"fordecl-000208","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fordecl-000208","title":"Held, Legally Recognized, Documented, and Not-Recognized Community Land Findings from 14 Countries","publisher":{"name":"Forest Declaration Assessment","organization":"forest-declaration-assessment"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2019-06","source_url":"https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/NYDFHeld-Legally-Recognized-Documented.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing analyzes community land tenure in 14 countries, finding that while 57% of total national land in these countries is held by communities, levels of legal recognition and formal documentation vary significantly by nation. It highlights that 'not-recognized' land held under customary tenure is more vulnerable to seizure, and notes that while some countries like Tanzania and Kenya recognize all held community land, others like DRC and Cambodia have very low rates of legal recognition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fordecl-000208#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Across the 14 research countries, community land is a significant form of landholding, with 57% of the total national land occupied or used by communities. This aligns with global estimates that 50 to 65 percent of the world's land is community land.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fordecl-000208#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The distribution of held community land varies widely by country. Australia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) both have more than 80% of their national land held by communities, and mainland Tanzania has 70%. Conversely, Paraguay has just over 3% of its land held by communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fordecl-000208#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Legal recognition of community land in the 14 studied countries is higher than global averages, with 63% of held community land and 36% of total national land being legally recognized. This is double the global estimate of 18% of the world's land being legally recognized, likely due to the inclusion of Brazil, Canada, Australia, and Mexico.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fordecl-000208#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Formal documentation of community land is prevalent in the research group, with 58% of total held community land and 92% of legally recognized community land possessing a formal title or certificate. However, documentation processes vary; for example, Zambia has no process for land to be documented.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fordecl-000208#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A substantial amount of community land remains 'not-recognized', meaning it is held only under customary tenure without legal recognition or documentation. This accounts for 37% of held community land and 21% of total national land in the research countries, making it more vulnerable to being taken from communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fordecl-000208#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Progress in securing land rights is highly inconsistent. Tanzania, Kenya, Zambia, and the Philippines recognize all held community land under national laws. In contrast, Cambodia, Indonesia, and DRC have very low levels of legal recognition, with DRC having just one-tenth of 1 percent of held community land recognized.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fordecl-000208#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["indigenous rights","climate change mitigation"],"geography_discussed":["World","Rwanda","Scotland","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative assessment","policy briefing"]}]}